The document discusses the physical components of open spaces, including walls, floors, roofs, and furniture. It describes walls as defining the shape and size of a space and directing movement. Floors can be flat, multi-level, or made of different materials depending on the space's use. Roofs are usually the sky but may be covered. Furniture includes hardscape elements like lighting, signs, sculptures, and fountains as well as softscape elements like trees and plants, which provide shade, act as landmarks, and direct movement and vision.

2. The components
of the space
UsesPhysical
components
walls
floors
roof
furniture

3. • Are the vertical elements which surround the
space and give the space its shape and size
and other variable characters.
Components of the space
1. The walls:

4. • Walls are basic elements in defining the space
1. The walls:
Components of the space
Well defined spaceUndefined space

5. • Are important in directing movement in the
space.
Components of the space
1. The walls:

6. WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF WALLS?

7. Components of the space
Types of walls:
• The Walls of the space can be buildings

8. Components of the space
Types of walls:
• The Walls of the space can be trees.

9. Components of the space
Types of walls:
• The Walls of the space can be fences.

10. Types of walls:
• The Walls of the space can be topography of
the land.

11. Components of the space
2. The floors:
• The floor of the space is the base on which
all the activities of the space happen.
• The floor can be flat or with levels.

12. Components of the space
2. The floors:
• The floor can be soft from lawn or sand …...

13. • The paving pattern can divide the space into zones
Zonefor
pedestri
an
Zonefor
furniture
Zonefor
shoppin
g
• The paving pattern gives order to
the overall design of the space.

15. Components of the space
2. The floors:
• The paving type varies depending upon many factors like
the use of the space:
Near beaches paths are paved with rough pavement to prevent slipping

16. Components of the space
2. The floors:
• The paving types varies depending upon many factors like
the history of the space:
In developing a historic area we
use the same type of old pavement
to preserve the character of the area

17. Components of the space
3. The roof :
• Usually the sky is the roof for urban open spaces.

18. Components of the space
3. The roof :
• Sometimes parts of the space can be
covered for specific
purposes, like providing shading, privacy,
defining the space
• The roof can be from concrete, or plants,
textile …..

19. Components of the space
4. Furniture of the space
Hardscape elements softscape elements
Trees and plantsLighting
Seats
Fountains
……

20. Lighting :
Lighting has many functions in urban
spaces:
• It extends the time of using urban
spaces.
• It provides safety and security.
4. Furniture of the space: “Hardscape elements”

21. Lighting :
Lighting has many functions in urban spaces:
• It contributes to the beauty of urban spaces when light falls on
plants, fountains, sculptures, buildings, and other features in
the urban context.

22. Lighting :
Lighting has many functions in urban spaces:
• It leads the movement to specific directions

23. Types of Lighting units :
There are variable types of lighting units:
• Lighting columns: with different shapes and sizes

25. Types of Lighting units :
There are variable types of lighting units:
• Short Lighting columns: with different shapes and sizes

26. Types of Lighting units :
There are variable types of lighting units:
• hanged Lighting units:

27. Types of Lighting units :
There are variable types of lighting units:
• Lighting spots: which are fixed in the ground

28. Tree grates :
• Tree grates are the horizontal cover
of the planting hole
• Are used to enable water to reach the
roots of a tree
• And to provide a wider space for
walking.
• It’s area should be more than 1 m2
to allow ventilation to the soil
4. Furniture of the space: “Hardscape elements”

29. Tree Collar :
• A vertical element which
surround the stem of the tree to
protect it.
• It is fixed in the tree grate
• The corner of tree collar should
be curved to prevent causing
harm for pedestrians
4. Furniture of the space: “Hardscape elements”

30. Signs :
They convey messages that are essential to the function and
safety of a space.
• The sign should be clear – specific- and attractive
• There should be a harmony between sings design and
their context and between the signs in the same area.
4. Furniture of the space: “Hardscape elements”

31. • The signs can determine a direction or a speed limit so they
should be clear , accurate and specific

32. • The signs can be commercial signs so they should be attractive
and add to the overall design of buildings.

33. Sculptures :
Sculptures and other public arts are
important elements in improving the
quality of the urban environment.
4. Furniture of the space: “Hardscape elements”

38. Sculptures :
Sculptures can act as landmarks which help in creating a clear
urban image.

39. Fountains :
Fountains and pools are
often the focal elements of
a public space.
Water has many unique
characters.
4. Furniture of the space: “Hardscape elements”

40. • The sound of water help in creating the feel of relaxation besides the cooling
effect of water .
Fountains :

41. Fountains :
The merge between using sculptures and water adds a lot to the quality of
urban environment

44. 4. Furniture of the space: “Hardscape elements”
Street Art :

48. Bollards :
They act as a barrier separating
traffic from pedestrian areas .
4. Furniture of the space: “Hardscape elements”

50. Seating :
The type and placement of sitting
areas depend upon many factors like
the function of the space, the users… .
But in general setting area should be
shaded- the seats should be
comfortable – from durable materials-
with attractive shapes…….
4. Furniture of the space: “Hardscape elements”

57. Tree planters and pots :
There are Many types of tree planters and are available for both
tree and flowers.
4. Furniture of the space: “Hardscape elements”

58. Public Telephones :
Components of the space

59. Shelters:
Which are used for waiting public transportation
4. Furniture of the space: “Hardscape elements”

62. Subway entrances :
4. Furniture of the space: “Hardscape elements”

63. Clocks,
trash container,
and drinking fountains :
4. Furniture of the space: “Hardscape elements”

64. Components of the space
4. Furniture of the space
Hardscape elements softscape elements
Trees and plantsLighting
Seats
Fountains
……

65. 4. Furniture of the space: “Softscape elements”
Trees and plants:
Play an essential role in urban spaces both functionally and
aesthetically

66. 4. Furniture of the space: “Softscape elements”
They can act as:
A beautifying elements:

67. 4. Furniture of the space: “Softscape elements”
They can :
provide shading:

68. 4. Furniture of the space: “Softscape elements”
They can act as:
landmarks:
Ageing or rare trees

69. 4. Furniture of the space: “Softscape elements”
They can act as:
walls for the space

70. 4. Furniture of the space: “Softscape elements”
They can act as:
a buffer:
For preventing wind or creating privacy

71. 4. Furniture of the space: “Softscape elements”
They can act as:
Barrier
To divide the space

72. 4. Furniture of the space: “Softscape elements”
They can act as:
A ground cover:

73. They can :
direct movement:

74. They can :
direct vision:

75. 4. Furniture of the space: “Softscape elements”
They can act as:
Sculptures:

76. Sculpture, seat and shed
We can merge between more than one element of space
furniture to make variable functions.

77. Tree planter and seats

78. THANKS