The document discusses various aspects of designing open spaces, recreational spaces, and student residences for campuses. It begins by defining open spaces and their importance in campus design for encouraging interaction and providing aesthetic value. It then covers classifications of open spaces, hierarchies of spaces, designing for efficiency, activities, and user behavior patterns. Case studies assess open spaces in various universities. Additional sections provide guidance on site context, climate considerations, and universal design standards for student residences.

1. OPEN SPACES, RECREATIONAL SPACES,
STUDENT RESIDENCES
LITERATURE STUDY

2. TABLE OF CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Classification of open spaces
• Heirarchy of open spaces in campuses
• Importance of open spaces
• Desining of open spaces
• Efficiency of open spaces
• Activities in open spaces
• User behaviour
• Open spaces assessment in hongkong and south wales
• Open spaces assessment in Chennai and Kozhikode universities
• Shape based on built form ( university of Louisville)
• Frame work of open spaces
• Site context
• Climate of Visakhapatnam
• Warm and humid climate considerations
• Ways to create artificial climatic conditions
• Circulation
• Efficiency of circulation

3. • Pathway systems
• Designing circulation
• Relation of built environment and open spaces
• Types of pathways in open spaces
• Types of open spaces included in pathways
• Elements of landscapes
• Soft and hard landscapes
• Seating arrangements
• Recreational spaces- importance, types
• Standards for library, badminton court, swimming pool, basket ball court
• Student residences- universal design standards
• Design parameters
• Types and requirements of dorms
• Layouts of dorms
• Kitchen and dining layouts
• Design considerations for the hostel block placement

4. OPEN SPACES
• Open space is any open piece of land that is undeveloped (has no buildings or other built structures) and
is accessible to the public.
• They can include Green spaces (land that is partly or completely covered with grass, trees, shrubs, or
other vegetation).
• Open spaces in campus design are mostly designed to encourage
interaction by providing an atmosphere for Formal & Informal activities.
• Open spaces located between buildings and working as joints of surrounding environments, provide a
sense of direction in a campus by integrating and organizing different places and elements.
• They also can provide an esthetic sense by involving attractive surroundings and creating visual
surprises.
Open spaces with varies
pathways and landscape
features defining the sense
of direction in a campus.
They act as places for
formal and informal
recreation.

5. CLASSIFICATION OF OPEN SPACES IN CAMPUSES
• FORMAL SPACES-
These are tree-lined, well-defined, rectangular spaces. They are the symbolic core of campus as
a social gathering place, passive recreational activities etc. They are generally classical, relatively flat or
controlled topography.
• NATURAL-
The natural features of the site along with native trees are retained.
• COMPOSITE-
These are Park-like settings defined by edges. Trees can be informally placed. Elements are
more rustic (for examples, walls and seating). Passive recreational activities take place in these areas.
Topography ranges from flat to steep.

6. HEIRARCHY OF OPEN SPACES IN CAMPUSES
• Courtyards:
outdoor spaces shaped by buildings.
• Quadrangles:
spaces shaped by group of buildings
• Gardens:
vary in size but are usually bounded spaces with specific
& special identities
• Streets:
are linear in nature, providing access, address &
service, as well as air, light& views to or from adjacent properties.
• Walks:
designate appropriate route between buildings or
through open spaces, courtyards, quadrangles, parks & gardens.
• Fields:
on a campus are large, relatively level, open areas of
turf used primarily for recreation & athletics.
Courtyard type of open spaces
Streets used as a open space

7. IMPORTANCE OF OPEN SPACES
• Open spaces gives identity to the campus.
• These are spaces shared by students, staff, and faculty as they move around campus, socialize,
recreate and study.
• These spaces connect buildings and establish the image of the university.
• It is the treatment of this campus landscape that forms the opinions, impressions, and attitudes of
the institution.
• The visual quality of the campus has a profound influence on the quality
of people's experiences on campuses.
• A university can attract and retain faculty and students, advance educational and
research programs, energize fund-raising appeals to alumni and friends, demonstrate environmental
design concepts

8. • The dual role for social interaction and environmental enhancement–mutually reinforcing one
another, features an open space in healthy campus life.
• In the campus life, a well-designed open space shall
create an integral blend of private space for
concentrated study and public space for collaborative
exchanges.
• Stress also occurs when changes or disruptions in
physical surroundings make prediction difficult.
• Open spaces, therefore, must be coherent.
• Coherence refers to the clarity or comprehensibility.
Ambiguity, disorder, and disorientation are major
impediments to coherence.
Open spaces being separated but still being coherent or
unified.

9. EFFICIENCY OF A OPEN SPACE IS DETERMINED BY:
1. Be located where it is easily accessible to and can be seen by potential users
2. Clearly convey the message that the place is available for use and is meant to be used
3. Be beautiful and engaging on both the outside and the inside
4. Be furnished to support the most likely and desirable activities
5. Provide a feeling of security and safety to would be users
6. Encourage use by different subgroups of the likely user population, without any one group’s activities
disrupting the other’s enjoyment
7. Offer an environment that is psychologically comfortable at peak use times, in regard to sun and shade,
windiness
8. Allow users the option, either as individuals or as members of group, by using it for special events, or by
temporarily claiming personal spaces within the setting
9. Be designed with equal attention paid to place as an expression of visual art and place as social setting.

10. • The required size and capacity of the recreational space are conditioned with: sorts of activities,
manner of unfolding, specifics of the environment, time-spatial organization, environment
protection, ambient values.
ACTIVITIES
• Activities on open spaces in campuses vary from relaxing to formal/informal events(university
wide, group, class, sports, commencement, etc.), including quiet study, people watching,
enjoying nature, meditation, chatting with friends, picnic, games, taking photographs and so on.
• The open spaces for the student residences have activities which include relaxing, meeting of
various groups of students. These open spaces maybe be in form of a large common open space
for the entire resident block or maybe me in form of pocket spaces for each individual block to
promote more efficient use of open spaces.
• The faculty or the staff of the campus need separate open spaces so as to ensure segregation of
spaces based on the users. The open spaces must include proper seating and other arrangements
for the faculty and their families to use.

11. USER BEHAVIOURAL PATTERNS
The designing of open spaces in campuses depends on
• physical environment’s characteristics (climatic features, location of the
plaza, its relation to the surrounding, the relation between pedestrians and
cavalcades in terms of accessibility, fixed elements / equipment in place,
quality of open spaces, quality of landscapes and how they are maintained)
• features of the campus users which include behavioral functional and visual
qualities
Sense of comfort is one of the basic needs of human and is divided into
physical, environmental, social and psychological comfort.
The environmental quality of a campus can be divided as
• physical and environmental quality- the natural characteristics of the
environment
• functional and behavioral qualities - interactions between human behavior
and the physical environment. These include the comfort of sitting areas, the
availability of amenities such as food and drinks, and the degree that a space
interacts with its adjacent buildings.
• visual and aesthetic qualities- that constitute visual preferences based on
visual emotions

12. EXAMPLE- CASE STUDY IN SRM UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI
Area of observation-
the courtyard of the Department of Architecture & the Garden in front of the Techno Park.
The study was done during the time interval of 2hrs between 8am to 6pm
Observations of the study:
1. Activities-
• Courtyard- Playing badminton, sketching, workshops, thesis
discussions, playing instruments, maintenance, Interaction between
the students , faculty & staff and floor - floor interaction.
• Garden- taking photographs shooting short films movies, relaxing ,
sleeping, storage, parking, eating and interaction.
Courtyard
Garden

13. 2. Behavioural patterns-
Courtyard-
• The behavioral pattern differs with the activities and the volume of the users in the courtyard.
• Most of the time the users are comfortable with the size of the courtyard except during the
peak hours i.e. 8:30am,12:15pm & 4:00pm when the volume of users is more.
• The size of an interacting group is minimum 3 & maximum 5. Once the size of the group
exceeds 5 a discomfort is created and slowly the group starts splitting into 2 or more.
Garden-
• The behavioral pattern varies according to the shade pattern of the garden.
• Volume of the users reaches its peak only from 4:00pm to 6:00pm.
• The walkways are too lengthy and confusing
• The reason behind the under utilization of the space is due to lack of proper shading.
• Since the garden is vast, the size of an interaction group can easily exceed beyond 5 users.
• There are neither visual barriers, nor focal point which could attract the users to enjoy the
space, this make the garden monotonous and less interesting.
Conclusions of the study-
• The size of the courtyard must be designed based on the volume of the users and other
observations.
• In the garden elements like seating and shading must be introduced and elements creating interests
like scluptures etc can be introduced.

14. INFERENCES
• Shading of open spaces and landscaping contributes to most of the activity.
• Short & clear pedestrian paths with the required width increases the usage of walkways.
• Additions and deletions in the spaces need to be included based on pattern of usage.
• Users prefer basic design foundations such as paving and landscaping, yet use of knowledge on
behavior setting can be used to accommodate more than one activity within that space.
• Flexible seating and chairs: Students should be able to manipulate the physical space around them
to create the type of environment they need, from being alone to being in a large group.
• Accent colors: No matter the environment, the use of diverse materials and colors can add an
aesthetic appeal that will immediately active interest and use of a space.

15. Open spaces arrangement, design and activities in two different
campuses

16. Open space surroundings elements activities inferences
Pathway
Landscape
Seating
Main circulation
Sitting plaza for
interaction
Provides a open
space shaded by
the buildings on
three sides,
courtyard effect
Stepped seating
Landscape-royal
poinciana
Seating
Reading
Sitting
Social gathering
Situated at the
end of the
building facing
the compound
wall, helps in air
movement
through the
building
Seating benches
Landscape- fir tree, grass
views
entrance
Meeting space
Sitting and relaxing
Provides a
seating space
and interaction
space packed
with landscape
to provide air
and ventilation
Assesment of open spaces in B.S. Abdur Rahman University , Chennai

17. Kiosks
Landscape
Paved pathway
Seating
Social gathering
Interaction spaces
Situated at the
two sides these
act as pocket
spaces and
provides air and
ventilation to the
building
Open spaces surroundings elements activities inferences
Natural stepped
seating
Landscape
Paved pathway
lighting
Interaction and
recreational space
Seating
realaxing
all the blocks are placed
around this open space
which has a courtyard
effect on these built
spaces. Also it helps in
connecting the different
blocks in the campus.
Shading
pergolas
pathway
Landscape
Sitting
Relaxing
Interactive spaces
Situated at the edge of
the site, this open space
provides a place for
interaction among the
students, it provides
views of the campus.
Assesment of open spaces in IIM Kozhikode, Kerala

18. THE SHAPE OR POSITION BASED ON THE BUILT SPACES
• EX- the university of Louisville
CENTRE
Placement compromises the
opportunity for larger open
spaces. North south alignment
not preferred because of solar
orientation.
SHIFT
Compromises or eliminates the
opportunity for open space on
the opposite side of the site.
Solar orientation not ideal in
north south direction.
ZIG ZAG
By pushing and pulling the building a new
configuration is created weaving the building
and the site. A variety of open spaces are
created. Angle in the building faces promotes
a preferred solar orientation

19. Framework of a
healthy campus open
space design

20. SITE CONTEXT
• Based on the contours of the site the open spaces can be
determined on different levels, they can also be separated
into two parts with low natural barriers etc.
• The shape of the
open space depends
on the site features
and natural barriers
like the trees, water
bodies etc.
• The place where the water drainage of the entire
site gets collected or if there are any existing water
bodies in the site, they can be used as a foci and the
open spaces designed around them.
• The location of the open spaces also
depends on the views from the site.

21. Air temperature, DBT, maximum 27- 32 °C,
night 21 - 27 °C.
Humidity, RH Average 75% and may vary from 55 -100%.
Vapour pressure is steady in the region of 2500 to 3000 N/m2
Precipitation. Annual rainfall can vary from 2000 to 5000 mm and may exceed 500 mm in one month,
the wettest month.
Sky conditions are fairly Cloudy throughout the year. Cloud cover varies between 60 and 90%.
Skies can be bright, a luminance of 7000 cd/m2
Solar radiation is partly reflected and partly scattered by the cloud blanket or the high vapour content
of the atmosphere, therefore the radiation reaching the ground is diffuse, but strong, and can cause
painful sky glare.
Cloud and vapour content also prevents or reduces outgoing radiation from
the earth and sea to the night sky, thus the accumulated heat is not readily dissipated.
Wind velocities are typically low, calm periods are frequent, but strong winds can occur during rain
squalls.
Gusts of 30 m/s have been reported. There are usually one or two dominant
directions.
CLIMATE CONTEXT

22. Micro climatic factors
The factors governing the climate of a zone are:
Topography, i.e. slope, orientation, exposure, elevation, hills or valleys, at or near the site.
Ground surface, whether natural or man-made, its reflectance, permeability and the soil
temperature, as these affect vegetation and this in turn affects the climate (woods, shrubs, grass,
paving, water, etc.).
Vegetation grows quickly due to frequent rains and high temperatures and it is difficult to
control.
• Special characteristics: high humidity accelerates mould and algal growth, rusting and rotting.
• Organic building materials tend to decay rapidly. Mosquitoes and other insects abound.

23. Three-dimensional objects, such as
trees, or tree-belts, fences, walls and
buildings, as these may influence air
movement, may cast a shadow and
may subdivide the area into smaller
units with distinguishable climatic
features.
• Minimization of the High day temperature.
• To reduce Humidity
• To protect from solar Radiation
• Continuous air circulation to reduce heat and stickiness.
Design Considerations in Warm and Humid Climate

24. Connections with patio areas, verandas
and courtyards covered with pergolas
have cooling effect on adjacent spaces.
Main buildings connected with patios
areas usually getting advantage of
cooling elements.
Gardens and parks in particular, in and around
the campus can contribute to alleviating heat
stress by creating the so-called “oasis effect”
through lush green public spaces.

25. • Landscape: Landscaping is an important element in altering the micro-climate of
a place. Proper landscaping reduced direct sun from striking and heating up
building surfaces. It is the best way to provide a buffer for heat, sun, noise,
traffic, and airflow or for diverting airflow or exchanging heat in a solar-passive
design.
• It prevents reflected light carrying heat into a building from the ground or other
surfaces. Additionally, the shade created by trees, reduces air temperature of
the micro climate around the building through evapo-transpiration. Properly
designed roof gardens help to reduce heat loads in a building.
SOLAR PASSIVE DESIGN FEATURES FOR WARM & HUMID CLIMATE

26. • Deciduous trees provide shade in summers and sunlight in winters; hence,
planting such trees on the west and southwestern side of the building is a
natural solar passive strategy.
• On the other hand, evergreen trees on the north and north-west of the
building provide shade round the year.
• The use of dense trees and shrub plantings on the west and southwest sides
of a building will block the summer setting sun.
• Trees also provide visual relief and a psychological barrier from traffic and
thus reduce pollution on the site.

27. • Place trees approximately half the width of the tree‘s canopy from the building and
spaced at 1/4th to 1/3rd the canopy width.
• This parameter should also be considered for good daylight integration inside the
built spaces.
• Tress also protect from gusty winds.

28. • The circular geometry has the lowest Surface Area to volume Ratio (S/V
ratio)
• Thus the conduction gains from the building envelope as well as solar gains
from windows are least.
• In circular geometry in comparison to other building geometries which is
most energy efficient in warm & humid climate.

29. ORIENTATION
• Long facades of buildings oriented towards
North-South are preferred. East and West
receive maximum solar radiation during
summer
• Orient the buildings with the long axes in the
east-west direction so that the longest walls
face north and south, and only the short wall
face east and west.
• South orientation receives maximum solar radiation during winters which is
preferable. East and West receive maximum solar radiation during ORIENTATION
summer.
• West is a crucial orientation because high intensity of solar radiation is received
during summers, when the internal gains are also at its peak.

30. • Thus, designers need to be very careful while designing West facade and
spaces behind West facade.
• Orientation also plays an important role with respect to wind direction. At
building level, orientation affects the heat gain through building envelope and
thus the cooling demand.
• Orientation may affect the daylight factor depending upon the surrounding
built forms, and finally the depending upon the windward and leeward
orientation fenestration could be designed to integrate natural ventilation.

31. N
Building long axis
along the east
west direction
The radiation from the south side
is prevented by assigning
circulation roads in the south
along with linear avenues.
The radiation
from the west
side is
controlled by
the landscape,
and by placing
open and
reacreational
spaces
Buildings are
placed closed to
each other for
mutual shading.
The stadium is placed in the east
direction of the site so that it is
shaded during the evening time
Courtyards are designed
between buildings so as to
allow air and ventilation
into the buildings
DE LA SALLE SANTIAGO ZOBEI, Muntinlupa, Phillepines ( warm and humid climate)

32. WAYS TO CREATE ARTIFICIAL CLIMATE IN THE OPEN SPACES

33. CIRCULATION
• In architecture, circulatory systems refer to the planned pathways and routes for human to move through
space.
• Circulation systems pay a key role in building layouts and spatial organization as they form a skeleton
that connects all programmatic elements within a building, as well as determine and define the interface
between what is interior and exterior space .
• These networks are designed and curated in a way that controls the movement of people, allowing the
different users to ‘ experience’ the work of architecture in various ways.
• Movement within architecture is so important is that it depicts the liveliness of spaces.
• With human movement injected, spaces seem more active and energetic, giving a sense of dynamism and
rejuvenation, thus leading to the attraction of even more users to the vicinity.

34. EFFICIENCY OF CIRULATION
• Distance is the primary factors of circulatory systems.
• Walking paths that are shorter in length and require
less time to travel are generally preferred.
PHYSICAL DISTANCE V/S PERCEIVED DISTANCE:
According to studies, a distance of 500m is usually
accepted. However, this acceptable distance will always
be a balance of actual distance along with the quality of
walking route. If the paved circulation path is of good
quality and visual stimulants are provided along the way,
a considerably longer walking distance may be deemed
acceptable.
When coming to institutes or universities, as most of
them are walkable campuses; since they are in a closed
environment the students or faculty also tend have
relaxing places during the walk if the distance between
the main academic block and the housing blocks more.
Hence the pathways should be planned in such a way that
there is a sense of relaxion and interest during the walk.

35. PATH SYSTEMS
DIRECT PATH SYSTEM:
This system assumes an efficiency
based system where direct
connections are provided and point
to point travel occurs.
MINIMAL PATH SYSTEM:
These path systems are which
provide the shortest distance /
connectivity between a set of nodes.
MINIMIZED DETOUR PATH
SYSTEM:
This system is an equilibrium
between path distance and detours (
one main path and branches to it) for
the sake of producing variety in
travel journey.
MINIMIZED
DETOUR PATH
SYSTEM
MINIMAL PATH
SYSTEM
DIRECT PATH
SYSTEM

36. DESIGNING CIRCULATION
There are two rules of thumb when it comes to designing circulation.
• The key circulation pathways should:
1.Be clear and unobstructed;
2.Follow the shortest distance between two points.
• Sometimes for architectural reasons you'll want to interrupt a direct circulation path with an item of furniture or
a change in level to define a change in place, make people slow down, or provide a focus point.
• Similarly, circulation doesn't necessarily have to follow the shortest distance between two points.

37. • Rather, it can take into account the sequence of spaces, thresholds, and atmospheres encountered
through movement, which prepare you for the transition from one space to the next.
• Circulation can be choreographed, to add architectural interest.
• In this way, circulation is also intricately linked in with program , or what activities take place,
another key architectural concept which we will touch on in this series.
• Coming to the activity, the corridors or interlinked paths or courtyards can act as discussion places
between the students or between the students and the faculty. They can also be used as places for
relaxing in between classes.
• Circulation that is shaded or semi shaded are more effective and used at different parts of a day.

38. The circulation of an Institute start from the main entrance
• The approach to the building can be frontal, oblique or spherical
• The approach to the building effects the function in form of the building
• The width of the road or access shall not be less than 12m and shall not exceed 24m
• The length of the road should be minimum of 200m for an institutional building
• The roads should be covered with trees on either sides to provide shade and keep cool since
most of the IIM’s are walking friendly campuses.
• The corridors leading from the open spaces to the built spaces can be single loaded or
double loaded.
frontal
oblique
spherical
Single loaded corridors
Double loaded
corridors

39. OPEN SPACE STANDARS
For any building an open space should not be less than 6 meters around the building for residential
the open spaces must be 25% of total land area so sports and cultural activities 15% of total land area
parks and land scape including green belts should be total area the
1. The circulation is the main relation between the build environment and the open spaces.
2. If there is gallery in between the classroom block or if there is any gallery or any open space in
the cluster of building , shaded corridors can be given along the periphery of the open space.
3. The open spaces have a effect on the micro climate of the built environment.
4. The open spaces can be incorporated within the built spaces to provide pocket open spaces.
RELATION BETWEEN OPEN SPACES AND BUILD
ENVIRONMENT

40. TYPES OF PATHWAYS IN OPEN SPACES

41. OPEN SPACES INCLUDED IN CIRCULATION SPACES

42. TYPES OF ELEMENTS IN LAND SCAPE
SOFT LANDSCAPE-
• The choice of plant material should be hardy, self sustaining, with minimal need for irrigation.
• Trees should be planted to define spaces, to create shade and shelter, to protect from extreme
whether conditions, and to provide seasonal interest in terms of colour and form.
• Low-impact design (LID) strategies such as rain gardens, should be used for storm water
management and are also a means of showcasing sustainability. Rain gardens can be incorporated
in the design of the streets in the urban plaza spaces.
• The choice of plant material should provide beauty, colour and form throughout the seasons and
provide opportunities to enhance the natural plant and animal habitat for the area.
• The plants and trees can also act as buffer from the external noises and helps in preserving the
sense of the open space.
RAIN GARDENS:
• Rain gardens are shallow depressions planted with deep-rooted native plants and grasses.
• These help in controlling the water run off on the surface.

43. Lawns provide a large
amount of green and
create a playing surface
for users of all ages
The striking appearance of
trees can easily become the
leading attraction of a site and
the shade from large canopies
is the most welcomed feature
outdoor.
Implementing color
variation in planting,
especially flowers, is
another approach to
attract people and is
effective in emotion
mitigation.
A densely planted area
provides much more
visual interest than a
sparsely or mono-planted
one and also helps in
creating a vibrant and a
sustained space.

44. • BENCHES:
• white granite Bench made of white
granite or glossy concrete.
• Finishing: varnished with acrylic
polyurethane paint anti UV. The basic
condition that the material for the bench
must fulfil is to be durable and resistant to
atmospheric influences they are exposed.
• STEEL The
CROSSED benches
are made in steel.
• Made from polyurethane It
is waterproof with
dimensions which allow
seating up to 10 people at
one time
HARD LANDSCAPE-
• benches, seating arrangement, lights pathways comes under hard landscape
• materials like polypropylene, polyethene etc. are suitable to produce outdoor seating.

45. • TEAKWOOD
• OKOUME WOOD
• ALUMINIUM METAL
• CONCRETE
LIGHTS
• Lighting is one of the primary means of
making a place feel safe and inviting and
facilitating its use beyond daylight hours.
• It can be used to elevate and enhance
the quality and character of space by providing
attractive architectural or artistic design form
during the daytime, and a variety of ambiance
levels during the night time.
• This allows the campus to have various types of
unique open spaces.

46. SEATING ARRANGEMENT IN OPEN SPACES
• Linear arrangement • Circular arrangement
In a linear seating arrangement, persons are
sitting in a line. in this type involve
arranging people or objects in straight lines
along the space. It also includes planted
avenues which run along the seating.
Group interactions are not comfortable in
these types of seating.
• In this type of arrangement, we arrange people or
objects around a circle or a table.
• In case of people sitting around a table, the table
could be of any shape i.e. rectangular, square,
circular etc.
• it encourages interaction for students.
• it is best for playing and easy to hear everyone.
• this type of arrangement requires more space.

47. • Grid arrangement
• Stepped arrangement
• Clustered arrangement
Cluster seating is when people are
seated in groups.
It is helpful because it allows
more interaction with one another
and easily work together.
Cluster seating changes the way
open spaces functions
• it is mostly for group discussion in
unity.
• uses for different competitions and
sharing of knowledge.
• this type of arrangements makes
situations hard to control and
makes noisy
A grid seating is something in
which a pattern of straight lines
that cross over each other that
form squares
• this type of seating makes
pedestrian movement different
compare to circular and cluster
• It is very organized and
systematic.
This type of seating has
different levels of paved or
natural steps which can be used
for seating. It is efficient when
the land is contoured. Different
level seating encourages
interaction and is very efficient.

48. RECREATIONAL SPACES
• Recreational space is an integral part of society which serves as a location for people to meet, relax, and
exchange ideas.
• These are public space where people from all age groups are free to visit and gather.
• Refreshment of one's mind or body after work through activity that amuses or stimulates providing
mental relief through spaces, environment and surroundings.

49. IMPORTANCE OF RECREATIONAL SPACES
Health Benefits-
• It helps people to live longer and healthy.
• Fitness and recreation helps to cure health problems.
• It extends independent living for senior citizen- keeping seniors active.
• It is proven that healing tool that assists to restore social, mental health, and physical abilities and capacities.
Environmental Benefits-
Parks and protected public lands end proven to improve water quality, protect groundwater, prevent flooding,
improve the quality of air we breathe, provide vegetative buffers to develop produce habit for wildlife.
Social Benefits-
• Parks provide gathering places for families and social groups, as well as for individuals of all ages and
economic status.
• Parks and recreation programs provide places for health and well-being that are accessible by persons of all
ages and abilities.
• Access to parks and recreation opportunities has been strongly linked to reductions in crime.

50. TYPES OF RECREATIONAL SPACES
1. Formal
2. Informal
3. Active
4. Passive
5. Indoor
6. Outdoor

51. FORMAL RECREATIONAL SPACE
• Playing fields
• Sports grounds
• Athletic tracks
• Tennis courts
INFORMAL RECREATIONAL SPACE
Informal recreational space is that which provides opportunities for more passive recreational pursuits such
as walking, sitting and relaxing.
The main types of informal recreational spaces are-
• Parks
• Amenity space within housing areas
• Natural open spaces
• Grassed sitting out areas

52. Active Recreation Spaces:
• Recreation that involves playing fields and team participation such
as baseball, soccer, etc.
• The greater share of facilities for active recreation are found within
the management of cities and recreation districts.
Passive Recreation Spaces:
Recreation without fields based on hiking, mountain biking, horseback
riding, wildlife viewing, picnicking, etc.
Indoor Recreational Activities:
Indoor spaces are build for indoor games like indoor tennis, table
tennis, badminton, Library, Gymnastic etc. This helps in great way to
spend your time indoors and enjoy yourself.
Outdoor Recreational Activities:
some activities that you enjoy outdoors are:
• Skateboarding
• Cricket
• Golf
• Football
• Basketball etc.
Indoor games
Outdoor games

53. LIBRARY
• A Library is a sources of information and similar resources, made accessible to defined community for
reference or borrowing.
• It provides physical or digital access to material, and may be a physical building or room, or a virtual space.
• A library's collection can include books, newspapers, maps, documents, videotapes, e-books, audiobooks and
other formats.

54. DESIGN OF LIBRARY FOR A COLLAGE
LAYOUTS
Reference- Time Saver Standards (TSS)

55. SEATING ARRANGEMENTS

56. ANTHROPOMETRY

57. BADMINTON COURT-
• All requirements for court marking are to the outside of fines except for those involving
the center service line which is equally divided between right and left service courts.
• All courts marking to be 40mm wide and preferably white color.
• Recommended area- Ground space in 150.5sqm
(Minimum to edge of pavement)
• Size and dimension- Singles count is 13.4 x 6.1m
• With a 1.5m minimum unobstructed area on all sides
INDOOR BADMINTON COURT

58. SIZE OF THE COURT

59. SWIMMING POOL
• Swimming Pool is a structure designed to hold water to
enable swimming or other leisure activities.
• In-ground pools are most commonly constructed from
materials such as concrete, natural stone, metal, plastic, or
fiberglass, and can be of a custom size and shape or built to
a standardized size.
• It provides quality of supervision, the requirements vary for
recreational swimming at various types of spaces.
• The material should be non-toxic to humans, impervious
and around a water theme facility.
• Swimming pool shall be of a type such that the operational
strength of the entire assembly and each of its components
are not adversely affected by exposure to rain, snow, ice,
sunlight, local normal temperature extremes, electrical and
chemical environment in and around the water theme
facility or pool

60. Basin Design
• The pool basin shall be a watertight structure that has a smooth and easily cleanable surface
• The sides and bottom of the pool basin shall be light in color.
• The radius of curvature between the pool wall and the pool floor shall not exceed 150 millimeters where the
water depth is less than 1.5 meters.
• The floor of the pool basin shall have a slope towards the main drain(s).
• The slope of the bottom of the pool where the water is less than 1.5 meters deep shall not be greater than
1:15. This slope shall be uniform.
Basin Designs of Pool

61. BASKETBALL COURT
• In basketball, the basketball court is the playing surface, consists of a rectangular floor with tiles at either ends.
• In professional or organized basketball, especially when played indoors, it is usually made out of a wood,
maple, and highly polished.
• The baskets are always 10 feet (30 m) above the floor.
• Basketball courts have a three-point are at both baskets.
• In general a basketball court should have a minimum clearance of 25 feet (7.7m), although a ceiling height of at
least 27 feet (8.23m) is recommended.

62. Recreational
spaces
Building
INDOOR RECREATION
CENTRE
SWIMMIMG POOL
MESS
FOOD COURT
STADIUM
FOOD COURTS
OUTDOOR
COURTS
AUDITORIUM
LIBRARY
LOCATION- Vellore Institute of Technology
Vellore Campus, Tamil Nadu.
entrance

63. RECREATIONAL SPACE SURROUNDINGS INFERENCES
1. Auditorium
This space is located at the main
entrance of the site for easy access to
the students and the public since it is a
public space.
2. Swimming pool
This space is located near the academic
block to prevent the rise of humidity
levels for the residential area. Also it is
near the natural lake so that it blends
with the surroundings.
3. Library
It is located at the main entrance for
easy access. It is placed between the
academic blocks.

64. RECREATIONAL SPACE SURROUNDINGS INFERENCES
4. Basket ball court
It is located on the south west of the
campus near the entrance for easy
access and is isolated from the
academic block to avoid overlapping of
the two activities.
5. Indoor recreational centre
It is located near the residential block
for easy access to the students and
faculty residing in the campus.
6. Food courts
These are scattered at various places in
the site near the admin, academic areas
of the site for easy access at everytime
of the day.

65. RECREATIONAL SPACE SURROUNDINGS INFERENCES
7. Cricket stadium
It is located at the north east side of the
site behind the residential area for easy
access, it is completely isolated from
the academic block to avoid interfering
of activities.
8. Food courts
This space is located in the hostel block
for the use of the students residing in
the site. It is located at the centre of the
hostel zone.
The entire site is divided into admin zone, academic zone, residential zone. The recreational spaces are divided within
these zones for easy access and without interfering the other activities of the zones. The food courts are all made
similar by having pitched roofs.

66. SOURCES-
• https://issuu.com/rachitmaheshwari9/docs/rachu_dissertation_report
• https://theknowledgereview.com/the-importance-and-impact-of-recreational-activities-in-the-
educational-curriculum/
• https://recreation.eku.edu/importance-parks-and-
recreation#:~:text=Parks%20and%20protected%20public%20lands,with%20nature%20and%20r
ecreate%20outdoors
• https://sportadvisory.com/the-positive-impact-of-community-recreation-centers/
• https://www.spot5750.com/kinds-of-recreation-activities/
• https://www.slideshare.net/azain143/assessment-of-interactive-spaces-in-college-campus
• https://www.kelseytrailhealth.ca/Programs/PH/PHI/Documents/Swimming-Pool-Design-and-
Operational-Standards.pdf
• https://www.thestudiodirector.com/blog/gymnastics-equipment/
• https://archive.org/details/TimeSaverStandardsForBuildingTypes/page/n255/mode/2up

67. U N I V ERSA L D ESI G N STA N D A RD S
• CAR PARKING:
 Width of the car parking should be minimum 3.90 m
• ACCESS ROUTES:
 A clear width of 1.8m to 2m
 GAURDRAILS OR BARRIERS SHOULD BE
1200MM HIGH
• RAMP:
 MIN slope ratio- 1:12
• INTERNAL CORRIDORS
 A minimum corridor width of 1500mm
• DOORS:
• The clear width of a doorway should be minimum of
0.9m
STUDENT RESIDENCES

68. • PASSENGER LIFTS:
 1.5m wide and 1.5m deep minimum
• SANITARY FACILITIES:
 The horizontal distance to the nearest toilet facilities within a public building should not exceed 40m
• TOILET:
 Grab rails should be provided to the both sides of the cubicle
 Minimum distance of the grab rails should be 0.3m to 0.35m
 Enlarged cubicles should be 1.2m wide and provide a 0.9m x 0.9m circulation space clear

69. • PROXIMITY AND JUXTAPOSITION OF EACH BLOCK:
 Each block has to emphasize its uniqueness, creating a
unique spatial experience in itself
• VISUAL CONNECTIVITY:
 As one travels through the hostel complex, the streets has to
open out to various interactive spots.
 The trees along the avenues surprise users by framing views
at the end of each perpendicular street
• UNIVERSAL ACCESSIBILITY:
 Ramps have to be provided throughout the blocks to ensure
universal accessibility
• RESPONSE TO MICRO CLIMATE:
 The southern edge of the parcel(block) has to be having
continuous green belt with taller trees to cut off the harsh
glare of the sun
• BICYCLE PATHS AND SUFFICIENT BICYCLE PARKING:
 These pockets encourage the students to use bicycles - an
environmentally-and people-friendly transport mode.
 Multiple access points provide ease of access from either side
of the parcel(block)
DESIGN PARAMETERS

70. • HIERARCHY OF STREET:
 Three categories of streets have to be developed, i.e. The main street, secondary streets and
plazas
• HIERARCHY OF SPACES:
 The internal streets has to open out to informal sit outs and further connect to individual units.
 Every individual building have to enclose a courtyard that acts as a multi-utility space and
informal meeting spot for the students.
 All the common rooms in hostel blocks has to open out to the courtyard. These informal
spaces add life to the parcel (block)
• LANDSCAPE STRATEGY:
 The hardscape and built-in furniture has to be selected for durability, and ease of
maintenance without compromising the comfort level of the end users.
 The streetscape including tree-lined paths encourages informal interaction, creating lively
connecting links and pathways between the individual units throughout the complex.
• COMMON AMENITIES:
 Common amenities such as the library, cafeterias, student administration office, and laundry
add to the efficiency and compatibility of each block.
 All the amenities have to be easily accessible from all the blocks in the complex.

71. TYPES AND AREA REQUIRED IN DORMS
• Single student rooms:
 The single room provides controlled privacy for the single occupant.
 Recommended minimum area is 90 square feet, maximum area is 120 square feet.
• Split-double student rooms:
 It consists of two spaces with a connective opening i.e. two students sharing a common space.
• Double student rooms:
 Double bed or two separate beds for two individual people in a same room.
• Four student rooms:
 Four students sharing one room with either individual beds or bunk beds.
• Student apartments:
 An apartment consists of number students that consist of single or double bed rooms built
around common spaces for kitchen, dining, social and studying purposes.
• Single rooms: minimum is 90 square feet, maximum is 120 square feet.
• Double rooms with bunk beds: minimum is 140 square feet, maximum is 180 square feet.
• Double rooms without bunk beds: minimum is 180 square feet, maximum is 240 square feet.

72. ARRANGMENT OF ROOMS
IN SINGLE ROOM IN DOUBLE ROOM

73. Dorms arrangement
layouts

74. FURNINTURE
IMPORTANT FURNITURE SIZES
AND THEIR CLEARENCES

75. KITCHEN AND DINING LAYOUTS FOR CAMPUSES

76. Canteen case study 1- JMI university, Delhi
• This canteen was proposed as a
‘Semi open air Café
• The building block has a kitchen
block to the east, which is a fully
enclosed space to cook and serve
in.
• Half of the dining space is in the
open and is not shaded while the
remaining is shaded.
• The idea was to try and blur the
boundaries between inside and
outside, where these undefined
boundaries act as a negotiator
between the user and the climate
of Delhi.
Kitchen space Dining space
N

77. Canteen case study 2- Location- University of
Coimbra,Portugal
Architects: LGLS Architects
Year:2011
• A canteen is a natural meeting place on a University
Campus.
• The canteen is situated on the new Campus II of the
University of Coimbra.
• The internal color scheme, tied to distinct ceiling
heights, clearly the internal functions and instinctively
organizes the users.
• It translates into two differentiated canteen systems for
the students and a restaurant for teachers and university
guests.
• Materials used are wood and one tiled in blue with a
high ceiling and one tiled in red with a low ceiling
• Includes storage spaces, staff changing rooms and
washrooms.
Kitchen
space
Dining
space

78. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR
HOSTEL BLOCK PLACEMENTS
1. To understand the master plan constraints
2. Investigating the cluster blocks
organization
3. Primary connected spaces
• Linked landscape entrance spaces
• Organizing the accommodation in centers
4. Establishing connectivity and orientation
of the entrances
1. MASTER
PLAN
4. ORIENTATION
AND ENTRANCES
3.1. INTEGRATION
OF SPACES
2. CLUSTERS
ORGANIZATION
3. PRIMARY
SPACES AND
LANDSCAPE
NOTE: EXAMPLE USED FOR STUDY IS FROM IIT GANDHINAGAR

79. THANK YOU
SUBMITTED BY:
• N. SHWETA – 318106101025
• G. RAKESH KUMAR – 318106101005
• S. SRAVYA – 318106101024
• T. SAI KRISHNA – 318106101020
• V. DIVYA SHREYA – 318106101003
• Y. VAIBHAV – 318106101040
• K. THANUJA – 318106101011
• S. PRAVIN – 318106101038
• P. DIMPLE - 318106101021