The document discusses trends that are changing the concept of public space and public life. Specifically, it notes three key trends: 1) the withering of the public realm due to market liberalism and reduced government services, 2) tensions arising from global economic restructuring and corporate power, and 3) rapid technological changes transforming concepts of place and community. It explores how these trends are giving rise to privatized and controlled spaces like corporate plazas, shopping malls, and gated communities that replace traditional public spaces.
Placemaking: Building our Cities around placesPriya Vakil
ThinkPhi is on a journey to build cities that are healthy and sustainable. We are doing this by using Placemaking - a design philosophy that explores how spaces in a community can be better utilised.
And this is philosophy, we constantly use when having discussion on helping design sustainable cities.
Project for Public Spaces - Streets as Placesmetroplanning
Fred Kent of Project for Public Spaces (pps.org) made this presentation on streets as places in Chicago on March 15, 2007. Contact PPS to invite him to speak in your city.
“public space or a public place is a place where anyone has a right to come without being excluded because economic or social conditions (fees, paying an entrance, being poor, ...).”
Jane Jacobs - Life and Work, a short presentation.Mudassir Haqqani
Jane Jacobs was an American-Canadian journalist, author, and activist who influenced urban studies, sociology, and economics. This is a short presentation that I prepared for my course in my Masters.
In land use planning, urban open space is open space areas for "parks", "green spaces", and other open areas. The landscape of urban open spaces can range from playing fields to highly maintained environments to relatively natural landscapes. They are commonly open to public access, however, urban open spaces may be privately owned. Areas outside city boundaries, such as state and national parks as well as open space in the countryside, are not considered urban open space. Streets, piazzas, plazas and urban squares are not always defined as urban open space in land use planning.
Placemaking: Building our Cities around placesPriya Vakil
ThinkPhi is on a journey to build cities that are healthy and sustainable. We are doing this by using Placemaking - a design philosophy that explores how spaces in a community can be better utilised.
And this is philosophy, we constantly use when having discussion on helping design sustainable cities.
Project for Public Spaces - Streets as Placesmetroplanning
Fred Kent of Project for Public Spaces (pps.org) made this presentation on streets as places in Chicago on March 15, 2007. Contact PPS to invite him to speak in your city.
“public space or a public place is a place where anyone has a right to come without being excluded because economic or social conditions (fees, paying an entrance, being poor, ...).”
Jane Jacobs - Life and Work, a short presentation.Mudassir Haqqani
Jane Jacobs was an American-Canadian journalist, author, and activist who influenced urban studies, sociology, and economics. This is a short presentation that I prepared for my course in my Masters.
In land use planning, urban open space is open space areas for "parks", "green spaces", and other open areas. The landscape of urban open spaces can range from playing fields to highly maintained environments to relatively natural landscapes. They are commonly open to public access, however, urban open spaces may be privately owned. Areas outside city boundaries, such as state and national parks as well as open space in the countryside, are not considered urban open space. Streets, piazzas, plazas and urban squares are not always defined as urban open space in land use planning.
El factor humano: urbanismo colaborativo y participativo en las smart citiesManu Fernández
Presentación en el curso Nuevas estrategias de evolución urbana: la planificación urbana inteligente, celebrado el 4 y 5 de mayo en el Centre de Cultura Contemporània de Barcelona (CCCB).
La idea era hacer un repaso por las nuevas demandas y expectativas de participación en los asuntos públicos, a partir de la idea del paso de la participación por representación a la participación por contribución (gente que hace cosas). Un cambio en el que lo digital, además de como mediación técnica, está implicando un cambio cultural que es el que está ampliando la perspectiva de lo que se espera hacer en la ciudad. Este ensanchamiento toma diferentes formas y proyectos, y los ejemplos que trataré de ilustrar comparten un expectativa de intervención más directa en debates sobre decisiones públicas que dan forma física a la ciudad, en proyectos que transforman materialmente el espacio que habitamos y en iniciativas que trascienden las formas tradicionales de participación otorgada por las instituciones. Un repaso por la piel digital de la ciudad como escenario en el que se asientan nuevas prácticas de acción colectiva, y utilizaré para ello algunos manifiestos relacionados con la idea de smart citizens y también algunas de las ideas que trabajamos en el libro Urban interaction design.
5 cosas de la smart city que me ponen nerviosoManu Fernández
Conferencia en la presentación de birloki system de nerei en una mesa redonda sobre smart-cities y participación junto con Marcelo Leslabay, Responsable del Fab Lab y del Grado de Diseño Industrial en la Universidad de Deusto, Roberto San Salvador del Valle (Proyecto Deusto Future Cities Lab) y Juan Sádaba, creador de birloki system e impulsor de nerei emotional intelligent.
تاثیر فضاهای باز جمعی بر امنیت سکونتگاههای فقیرنشین شهری
نمونه موردی: محله هرندی (دروازه غار) تهران
Impact of Public Open Spaces on Urban Slum's Security
Case Study: Harandi settlement of Tehran
سیدمحسن حبیبی
مهرناز عطاران
همایش بین المللی سکونتگاههای فقیرنشین شهری – سنندج
International Conference on Urban Slums – 4-5 May 2016 – University of Kurdistan – Sanandaj, I.R. of Iran
Qué hacemos mientras tanto. Por un urbanismo adaptativoManu Fernández
El artículo propone un marco estratégico para comprender los beneficios de una nueva visión bottom-up de los proyectos urbanos desde la perspectiva del urbanismo táctico temporal y cómo vincularlos a la creación de oportunidades económicas y la activación de la vida social en un contexto de crisis. Desde esta perspectiva, este paper propone un marco estratégico para las instituciones públicas sobre cómo integrar las intervenciones tácticas y los micro-proyectos de espacio público para añadir valor a activos urbanos y convertirlos en nuevas oportunidades para ampliar la capacidad de actuación de las comunidades locales en grandes proyectos de intervención urbanística
This paper proposes a strategic framework to understand the benefits of a new interpretation of the role of bottom-up projects from a tactical temporary urbanism perspective and how to link them to the creation of economic opportunities and the activation of social life. From this perspective, this paper will draw a guideline framework for public institutions on how to integrate tactical interventions andmicro-scale projects in public space to add value to urban assets and turn them into new expanding abilities for local communities y large-scale urban development projects.
Urbanismo adaptativo. Usos temporales y transitorios para la obsolescencia in...Manu Fernández
Presentación en las jornada del proceso BERREIBAR para la búsqueda de alternativas para instalaciones industriales en desuso en Eibar (Gipuzkoa) 31 de enero de 2013
A few weeks ago I had a chance to represent Edigma at the Zoom Smart Cities 2016 conference and talk a little bit about interactivity, art and technology in the public space.
Future Outlook on Urban CompetitivenessWendy Schultz
The narrative of my 22 June 2010 presentation to the Global Innovation Forum in Seoul, sponsored by the Korea Economic Daily. Please refer to PDF of slidedeck, above.
This portofolio of work, demonstrates the process behind my architectural thesis project. It focuses on the conditions behind my written thesis as well as the development of an interactive wall prototype through material investigations.
This article aims to present #Unplugging > Beyond Hyper-Connected Societies Workshop that will be conducted by Dr Calzada & Dr Cobo at the University of Oxford on 20th June by the support of The Oxford Research Centre in the Humanities (TORCH).
Social Innovation Labs at Universities: the Case of Medialab UGREsteban Romero Frías
Presentación realizada en el Encuentro Internacional “The Age of Digital Technologies: Documents, Archives and Society”, celebrado en la Facultad de Geografía e Historia de la Universidad Complutense el 24 de octubre de 2017.
Más información en: http://estebanromero.com/2017/10/presentacion-de-medialab-ugr-en-el-encuentro-the-age-of-technology-madrid-2017/
Esteban R. Frías
Social Innovation Labs at Universities: The Case of Medialab UGR – a Research Laboratory for Digital Culture and Society
ICARUS-Meeting #20 | The Age of Digital Technology: Documents, Archives and Society
23–25 October 2017, Complutense University Madrid, Calle del Prof. Aranguren, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Crang, Michael, Tracie Crosbie, and Stephen Graham. "Technology, timespace an...Stephen Graham
Much theoretical commentary over the last decade addressed the likely impacts of information and communication technologies (ICTs) on urban life works by opposing `virtual' spaces and mediated activities to `real' places. Drawing on recent theorising in media studies about `remediation', this paper attempts to move beyond a reliance on such unhelpful real^virtual conceptual binaries. The paper uses such conceptual discussions to consider more fully the multiple, subtle, and interdependent spatiotemporalities which together work to constitute ICT-based urban change. While innovative work has traced the emergence of various online spaces and communities, our interest here is on the intersection of online and offline practices. Through a case study of two contrasting neighbourhoods in Newcastle upon Tyne, the paper explores in detail how social relations and grocery shopping are being affected by ICT use. It suggests that the remediation of everyday urban life through ICTs involves subtle shifts in the spatial, temporal, scalar, and material processes which together help to constitute urban change, and which are all too often overlooked in conventional and binary approaches opposing the `virtual' realm of new technologies to `real' urban places.
Scanned by CamScannerThe shantytowns in Lagos are heavil.docxkenjordan97598
Scanned by CamScanner
The shantytowns in Lagos are heavily concentrated and highly polluted. Photo by Tamira.
In this unit we finished our studies of urbanism which is a good point to recap and analyzed the transformation of our cities. We can identify three major events of transformation. First, is the industrialization in the late 1800’s. The introduction of new building materials such as iron help build higher structures changing the typology of the cities. The second event occurred after WWII and it's known as suburbanization of the city. The third and actual event is the decentralization of the urban fabric forming megacities.
In this unit we also learn that the actual conditions of our postindustrial society is threatened with globalization and hyper-network environments. Scholars claim that the “post industrial economy” is what defines the urban growth. In order to achieve this task, economies rely upon the distribution of systems that feed a global network of data and exchange. In the 1980’s the urban thinker Manual Castells did an analysis of the complex interaction between technology society and space. In his studies, he explains the importance of space and defines it as an expression of our society. Space becomes super complex to understand in this information era which questions the need for a physical space of congregation.
Many scholars have been studying post modern societies and have created concepts such as “Global city” by Saskia Sassen and “Technopoles” by Allan J. Scott. In order to understand this megacities of our era, Robert Fishman, introduced concepts such as; technoburb to describe the reorganization of urban space. This same idea is defined by Garneau the “Edge city” in which Orange County is one of his study grounds.
Now at days, there are many events happening that are affecting the urban organization. These transformations have taken two faces that are expressed in the megacities. The first one is the decentralization and globalization of cities such as; New York, Los Angeles, Tokyo and London. These cities are threatened with placelessness of post modern architecture and the idea of a non-place culture whose identity is not link to any specific society. The other face of the megacities are when the global economy puts you in a bad spot and you become the producer for the consumerist megacities. In George Parker’s article, “Decoding The Chaos Of Lagos,” we have a clear example how this mega city is suffering all the negative aspects of our era where people work only to earn about 2 or 3 dollars per day with poor quality living environment.
Questions:
1. How do you think that globalization and network societies have shaped the urban sprawl of Los Angeles?
2. Taking the place of an urban developer, how would you suggest to fix the differences between the two types of megacities like Lagos Nigeria to Orange County?
Global Capitals and Network Societies
We are just about at the end of our se.
Technological determinism
Schumpeter's innovative theory
Schumpeter's waves accelerate
Structure of a wave
Short-term benefit and long-term benefits
Commercialisation of the Internet
Launch conference presentation of Dr. Pietro Elisei, coordinator of the YPLAN project, on why co-designing public space is essential for the present and future wellbeing of the citizens - young and old alike.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
2. Zaqaziq University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture
‘THOSE WHO CANNOT
REMEMBER THE PAST ARE
CONDEMNED TO REPEAT IT’
This quote from
the philosopher George Santayana
3. Santayana’s view was that:
we will get better at dealing with
the ever changing world if we are
both:
retentive and flexible;
conscious of the past and yet
adaptable.
Zaqaziq University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture
4. This describes the way urban design is driven by
our determination:
not to repeat the mistakes of the past as well as
responding to changes in the way we live now and
could be living in the immediate future.
Zaqaziq University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture
5. Shortage and inequity in
the distribution of urban
open space are
symptomatic of larger
transformations of public
space and, indeed, of the
public realm.
Zaqaziq University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture
6. Under way for some time,
these changes reflect
political, economic, and
technological changes and
make us wary.
Because we do not fully grasp
their implications, three key
and interrelated trends
continue to provoke our
collective anxiety.
Zaqaziq University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture
POLITICAL
TECHNOLO
GICAL
ECONOMIC
8. First,
there is a general agreement
that we are experiencing a
steady withering of the public
realm, a trend recently
exacerbated by a worldwide
campaign for market
liberalism and downsizing
governments.
Zaqaziq University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture
POLITICAL
TECHNOLO
GICAL
ECONOMIC
9. As a result, we are
witnessing a corresponding
and palpable decline in the
levels of goods and services
historically provided by the
government.
Zaqaziq University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture
POLITICAL
TECHNOLO
GICAL
ECONOMIC
10. While the growing involvement of
the nonprofit sector has mitigated
some of the slack created by the
withdrawal of government,
privatization—the
“commodification” of public goods
and emergence of local
governments as entrepreneurs—
seems to be the order of the day.
Zaqaziq University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture
As the traditional role and the fiscal capacity of government have shrunk,
the role of the private, and to a limited extent, that of the nonprofit
sectors has increased.
12. Second,
Emerging conflicts and tensions at
the local level over the economy,
environment, and equity are
becoming a by-product of a larger
restructuring of the global economy
characterized by growth of
transnational corporate power,
international labor mobility,
polarized local and global
economies, and subservience of
local public interest to interests of
global capital.
Zaqaziq University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture
POLITICAL
TECHNOLO
GICAL
ECONOMIC
14. Finally,
the dizzying pace of the
information and communication
technology revolution is
contributing to profound changes
in the traditional concepts of
place and community, local
versus global interests, individual
and group identities, and the
nature of daily commerce and
social relations.
Zaqaziq University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture
POLITICAL
TECHNOLO
GICAL
ECONOMIC
16. Collectively, these trends represent fundamental
shifts in the way public life and space are
conceptualized and in the values associated with
them. The future designs and plans for public space
must be based on an understanding of the causes
and consequences of these trends and the changing
nature of public life.
Zaqaziq University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture
18. For many observers,
the sense that the
public realm is
declining is further
corroborated by a
growing trend of
what is commonly
described as
“privatized” public
spaces.
Zaqaziq University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture
19. (Or should we say “publicized”
private spaces, as some might
wonder?)
Seemingly an oxymoron, the term is
used commonly to describe the
corporate plazas and open spaces,
shopping malls, and other such
settings that are increasingly popular
destinations for the public.
Zaqaziq University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture
20. Of course, none of these
privately owned and managed
spaces is truly public,
There is a presumption of
“publicness” in these pseudo-
public spaces.
But in reality they are in the
private realm.
Zaqaziq University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture
21. The owner has all the legal prerogatives to exclude someone from
the space circumscribed by sometimes subtle and often invisible
property boundaries.
Zaqaziq University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture
The public is welcome as long as they are patrons of shops and
restaurants, office workers, or clients of businesses located on the
premises. But access to and use of the space is only a privilege, not
a right.
22. In …………. , the planning department requires owners
to post a sign declaring that the space is “provided and
maintained for the Enjoyment of the Public”
but any expectation that such spaces are open to all is
fanciful at best.
Zaqaziq University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture
23. Many of these spaces are
closely monitored by security
guards and closed circuit
television cameras, which has
prompted critics such as Mike
Davis (1990) to refer to them as
“fortress” environments.
Zaqaziq University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture
24. Because of their designs, locations, and management
policies, for the most part corporate open spaces remain
insular and mostly empty.
Zaqaziq University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture
25. Shopping malls, however, are a
different story. Over the last 50
years, shopping malls have
become the “new downtown”
and replaced the Main Street
culture to become perhaps the
most ubiquitous and frequently
visited places today.
Zaqaziq University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture
26. When the kind of public activities
typical of downtown public
spaces—distribution of leaflets,
political discussions and speeches,
solicitation for funds , sale of
home-baked cookies, voter
registration, and the like—started
to occur in the shopping malls,
their managers responded by
excluding such activities and
people. Legal challenges ensued.
Zaqaziq University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture
27. Thus the sanctity of the private
spaces is preserved by
excluding what Lofland (1989)
refers to as the “unholy” and
“unwashed”—the panhandlers,
the winos, the homeless, and
simply the urban poor.
Zaqaziq University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture
28. In many cities, in the name of
pedestrian safety or extreme
weather, public agencies have
planned and built networks of
underground tunnels, sky bridges,
and pedways to connect these
insular corporate spaces. This has
created what Trevor Boddy (1992)
calls the “analogous city,” or a city
of contrived urban spaces that
keeps out the poor and
undesirables.
Zaqaziq University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture
29. It seems that proliferation
of such insular and
protected spaces has
extended beyond the
business and shopping
districts of the city.
In recent years we have
seen a phenomenal growth
of gated communities
throughout the city.
Zaqaziq University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture
30. When asked why they
chose to live in gated
communities, most
respondents spoke of the
need for safety and a
search for community,
presumably one that is
based on homogeneity
and cohesion.
Zaqaziq University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture
31. The study by ……… suggests that this
tendency to live in club-like
communities with common spaces
and facilities arises from a fear of
strangers, especially of those who
come from a different class, culture,
ethnicity, or national origin, and not
just a concern for personal and
property safety
Zaqaziq University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture
32. Interestingly, the search
for utopia in such
controlled communities
has become both an
object and a subject of the
expanding domain of the
entertainment industry.
Zaqaziq University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture
33. Zaqaziq University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture
The life portrayed in the
movie The Truman Show,
filmed in the original
New Urbanist icon of
Seaside, Florida,
is a caricature of
programmed but insular
private and public life in
a controlled setting.
34. Celebration, a planned new community not too far from Disney World
in another corner of Florida.
35. The democratic ideals of public
space and the public realm will no
doubt atrophy further. Yet the
brand of public life offered by
Disneyland and its cohorts
continues to intrigue such noted
observers as Charles Moore (1965)
and Umberto Eco (1990), who
concede that while contrived,
these settings offer clean,
efficient, and predictable
encounters and experiences.
Zaqaziq University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture
36. The entry fee guarantees that
and, in the words of Charles Moore,
“You have to pay for public life” The
public seems to agree and be willing.
Disney’s command of the future of
public life and space may in fact be a
fait accompli, according to some
observers.
Zaqaziq University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture
38. “The sense of loss”
associated with “the
perceived decline of
public space”
assumes
that effective public life
is linked to a viable
public realm.
Zaqaziq University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture
39. This is because the concept of public life is inseparable from the
idea of a “public sphere” and the notion of civil society,
where the affairs of the public are discussed and debated in
public places.
Zaqaziq University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture
40. But there is another
concept of public life
that is derived from
our desire for
relaxation, social
contact,
entertainment,
leisure, and simply
having a good time.
Zaqaziq University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture
41. Individual orbits of this public life are shaped by a consumer culture and
the opportunities offered by the new “experience economy”.
The settings for such public life are not necessarily public spaces.
Zaqaziq University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture
According to Ray Oldenburg
(1989), such settings can be
called “third places”, as
opposed to the first place of
home or the second place of
work or school.
42. These are places such as bars or taverns, beauty salons, pool halls,
sidewalk cafés, and the like.
There are culture-specific third places— the pubs of England,
sidewalk cafés of Paris, and beer gardens of Germany, for
example—that have been historically associated with the culture
and urbanism of different cities.
Zaqaziq University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture
43.
44. Today, Starbuck’s coffee
shops, Barnes and Noble
or Borders bookstores,
health clubs, video rental
stores, and various
combinations thereof
have become major icons
of the third place in many
cities.
Zaqaziq University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture
45. Looking, gazing, and watching are all
part of our normal stimulus-seeking
behavior, as any textbook in cognitive
theory would confirm.
Many of the writings focus on the
relationship between the observer
and the environment, and how the
built form was created and shaped to
facilitate the display of merchandise
for mass consumption.
Zaqaziq University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture
46. Today, it is the appropriate mix of flânerie and third places that dictates
the script for a successful public life.
The new shopping malls are now designed to encourage flânerie and
“hanging out.” Horton Plaza in San Diego, City Walk in Universal City,
and Two Rodeo in Beverly Hills are all examples of these invented
streets that attempt to combine flânerie with a third place.
Zaqaziq University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture
50. The same formula is also applied to
reinvented streets and places like
Third Street Promenade in Santa
Monica, Quincy Market in Boston,
South Street Seaport in New York,
Fremont Street in Las Vegas,
Harborplace in Baltimore, and of
course the most celebrated
reinvention of the century, Times
Square in New York City.
Zaqaziq University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture
51. Without doubt they are themed environments:
1. Horton Plaza uses metaphors such as “Italian Hill Town”;
2. CityWalk claims to be an interpretation of Los Angeles itself;
3. Two Rodeo tries to look like a European shopping street;
4. and Times Square has become a multimedia tribute to America’s
communication and entertainment industries.
Zaqaziq University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture
52. These reinvented places usually
derive their design metaphors
and marketing rhetoric from
the history of the place.
In all of these cases, the
attempt is to create a public life
of flânerie and consumerism;
whether it actually takes place
in a private or public space does
not seem to matter.
Zaqaziq University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture
53. In the tradition of earlier civic design, American architects and planners
often romanticized European urban spaces, and tried to recreate them
in American cities, but without success (see Dyckman, 1962).
The expectation was that if we design the space, activities will happen.
This type of physical determinism proved wrong time and again, but
the practice still continues in the urban design of civic centers and
similar public spaces
Zaqaziq University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture
54. The message is that
the form is only a stage set that can be
easily changed and embellished to
accommodate celebrations, happenings,
and other such ephemera.
Zaqaziq University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture
56. The recent revolution in
communication and information
technology has made it possible for
us to isolate ourselves from the
public life and spaces even further.
We are now all citizens of
cyberspace and cybercommunities
where conventional concepts of
public space and place are
increasingly becoming outmoded.
Zaqaziq University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture
57. What concerns many
is whether this
cybercity and its
cyberplaces may
totally obviate the
social life of real
places and
.communities
Zaqaziq University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture
58. For it is now possible to conduct many of our daily activities—work,
shopping, business transactions, socializing—through the Internet,
minimizing the need for face-to-face communication or travel.
Thus, the transaction costs of living in cities can be minimized by
belonging to a network society, which further reduces the need for
public encounters in public spaces.
Zaqaziq University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture
59. Indeed, we now
wonder how
communication
technology might
revolutionize our ways
of living, and what
effect it might have on
conventional urban
form.
Zaqaziq University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture
60. We can now shop
with the click of a
mouse. But will that
obviate construction
of new shopping
malls?
Zaqaziq University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture
What will be the alternative uses of such spaces? If more and more
workers stay home and telecommute.
61. will that lead to a stronger sense of localities
and local public spaces? Will it lead to the
revival of the community main places?
Zaqaziq University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture
62. The cyborgian life might lead to greater isolation,
withdrawal, and anomie. It may lead as the secession of
the successful, now to an analogous city in cyberspace.
Zaqaziq University
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture
Seemingly, the duality of a public city of the poor and
dependent population and a private city of the successful
will continue on the two sides of the digital divide.