Components of computer, CPU computer funfament pptDeepuVishwakarma
Components of computer, CPU computer fundamental ppt
References = computer fundamental book
published by = P.K Sinha
Course= BCA ,Sem=1,Yr=1
presentation- 13 slides
contents=all the components of computer
Computer memory is any physical device capable of storing information temporarily or permanently.
Memory is the most essential part of a computer.
Without memory there would be no computer, as we know it today.
Modern computers use semiconductor memory
It is made up of thousands of circuits (paths) for electrical currents on a single silicon chip
This can be divided into three categories
-Internal processor Memory
-Main Memory
-Secondary Memory
Computer is an electronic device which converts row data into meaningful information .It can perform many task.It work very fast and accuratc.A computer programmed device with a set of instnections of perform is spicilic task and generate result at a very high speed
Fundamentals of Computers and Operating System(OS)TUHIN SAHA
This comprehensive PowerPoint presentation is designed to provide a foundational understanding of computers, their components, and their functions. It is ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in gaining a solid grasp of the basics of computer science.
The presentation covers the following key topics:
1. What is a Computer?
- The presentation begins with a clear definition of a computer, detailing its basic functions as an electronic device that processes data. It highlights the computer's ability to perform arithmetic and logical operations.
2. What is an Operating System?
- This section introduces the operating system (OS) as the crucial software that manages hardware and software resources. A detailed block diagram illustrates the OS's components.
3. Components of a Computer:
- The presentation breaks down the primary components of a computer system, including the central processing unit (CPU), memory, input/output devices, and storage devices.
4. Different Generations of Computers:
- A historical perspective is provided on the evolution of computers, detailing the five generations from vacuum tubes to artificial intelligence.
5. Hardware and Software:
- An exploration of the difference between hardware (the physical components of a computer) and software (the programs and applications that run on the hardware). Examples of various hardware components.
6. Input and Output Devices:
- Detailed descriptions of common input devices (such as keyboards and mice) and output devices (such as monitors and printers). This section explains how these devices enable users to interact with the computer and receive feedback.
7. Storage and Memory Devices:
- The presentation covers different types of storage (like hard drives, SSDs, and optical discs) and memory (RAM and ROM).
This presentation serves as a foundational resource for anyone looking to gain a better understanding of computers and their operations. Whether you are a student, educator, or tech enthusiast, "Intro to Computers & OS: Key Concepts" offers valuable insights and a structured approach to learning about the integral components and functions of modern computing systems.
Components of computer, CPU computer funfament pptDeepuVishwakarma
Components of computer, CPU computer fundamental ppt
References = computer fundamental book
published by = P.K Sinha
Course= BCA ,Sem=1,Yr=1
presentation- 13 slides
contents=all the components of computer
Computer memory is any physical device capable of storing information temporarily or permanently.
Memory is the most essential part of a computer.
Without memory there would be no computer, as we know it today.
Modern computers use semiconductor memory
It is made up of thousands of circuits (paths) for electrical currents on a single silicon chip
This can be divided into three categories
-Internal processor Memory
-Main Memory
-Secondary Memory
Computer is an electronic device which converts row data into meaningful information .It can perform many task.It work very fast and accuratc.A computer programmed device with a set of instnections of perform is spicilic task and generate result at a very high speed
Fundamentals of Computers and Operating System(OS)TUHIN SAHA
This comprehensive PowerPoint presentation is designed to provide a foundational understanding of computers, their components, and their functions. It is ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in gaining a solid grasp of the basics of computer science.
The presentation covers the following key topics:
1. What is a Computer?
- The presentation begins with a clear definition of a computer, detailing its basic functions as an electronic device that processes data. It highlights the computer's ability to perform arithmetic and logical operations.
2. What is an Operating System?
- This section introduces the operating system (OS) as the crucial software that manages hardware and software resources. A detailed block diagram illustrates the OS's components.
3. Components of a Computer:
- The presentation breaks down the primary components of a computer system, including the central processing unit (CPU), memory, input/output devices, and storage devices.
4. Different Generations of Computers:
- A historical perspective is provided on the evolution of computers, detailing the five generations from vacuum tubes to artificial intelligence.
5. Hardware and Software:
- An exploration of the difference between hardware (the physical components of a computer) and software (the programs and applications that run on the hardware). Examples of various hardware components.
6. Input and Output Devices:
- Detailed descriptions of common input devices (such as keyboards and mice) and output devices (such as monitors and printers). This section explains how these devices enable users to interact with the computer and receive feedback.
7. Storage and Memory Devices:
- The presentation covers different types of storage (like hard drives, SSDs, and optical discs) and memory (RAM and ROM).
This presentation serves as a foundational resource for anyone looking to gain a better understanding of computers and their operations. Whether you are a student, educator, or tech enthusiast, "Intro to Computers & OS: Key Concepts" offers valuable insights and a structured approach to learning about the integral components and functions of modern computing systems.
Basics IT Recruiting | Technical Recruiting | US Staffing | Training |Tips |T...Syed Aiyaz
First information based series on Information technology covering topics like IT, Computer Usage, Data Storage, Types of computers, computer hardware, computer software, computer firmware, enterprise storage & more.
BASIC OF COMPUTER.pptx regarding detailsMuskanMukhi1
This is basically a presentation of IT regarding the topic Basics of a Computer. So anybody can use it for Information Technology. A PowerPoint presentation on the basics of computers typically covers fundamental concepts such as hardware components (CPU, memory, storage devices), software (operating systems, applications), input and output devices (keyboard, mouse, monitor), and basic computer operations (booting, file management, software installation). It may also touch upon topics like computer networks, internet basics, and computer security. The presentation aims to provide a foundational understanding of computers to beginners, highlighting their essential components and functions in a clear and concise manner.The PowerPoint presentation on the basics of computers provides a comprehensive overview suitable for beginners. It covers fundamental concepts including hardware components like CPU, memory, and storage devices, alongside software such as operating systems and applications. Additionally, it explores input and output devices like keyboards, mice, and monitors, and delves into basic computer operations such as booting, file management, and software installation. The presentation also touches upon computer networks, internet basics, and computer security, offering a foundational understanding of these topics. With clear explanations and visual aids, the presentation aims to equip beginners with essential knowledge about computers and their functionalities in a concise and accessible manner.
It covers hardware components like the CPU, memory, and storage devices, as well as software including operating systems and applications. Furthermore, it explains input and output devices such as keyboards, mice, and monitors, and discusses basic computer operations like booting and file management. Additionally, the presentation touches on computer networks, internet fundamentals, and computer security, providing a well-rounded understanding of key aspects of computing. With clear explanations and visual aids, the presentation aims to demystify computers and empower beginners to navigate the digital world with confidence.
C Programming Language is the most popular computer language and most used programming language till now. It is very simple and elegant language. This lecture series will give you basic concepts of structured programming language with C.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...
Components of computer systems
1. 1
Components of a Computer
The five classic components of a computer are briefly described below.
The operation of the processor is best understood in terms of these components.
A computer system consists of both hardware and information stored on hardware.
Information stored on computer hardware is often called software.
The hardware components of a computer system are the electronic and
mechanical parts.
The software components of a computer system are the data and the computer
programs.
The major hardware components of a computer system are:
Processor(CPU)
Main memory
Secondary memory
Input devices
Output devices
For typical desktop computers, the processor, main memory, secondary memory,
power supply, and supporting hardware are housed in a metal case. Many of the
components are connected to the main circuit board of the computer, called the
motherboard. The power supply supplies power for most of the components.
Various input devices (such as the keyboard) and output devices (such as the
monitor) are attached through connectors at the rear of the case.
2. 2
The terms input and output say if data flow into or out of the computer. The picture
shows the major hardware components of a computer system. The arrows show the
direction of data flow.
A bus is a group of wires on the main circuit board of the computer. It is a pathway
for data flowing between components. Most devices are connected to the bus
through a controller which coordinates the activities of the device with the bus.
The processor is an electronic device about a one inch square, covered in plastic.
Inside the square is an even smaller square of silicon containing millions of tiny
electrical parts. A processor may contain 100 million transistors. It does the
fundamental computing within the system, and directly or indirectly controls all
the other components.
The processor is sometimes called the Central Processing Unit or CPU. A
particular computer will have a particular type of processor, such as a Pentium chip
or a SPARC chip.
Memory
The processor performs all the fundamental computation of the computer system.
Other components contribute to the computation by doing such things as storing
data or moving data into and out of the processor. But the processor is where the
fundamental action takes place.
A processor chip has relatively little memory. It has only enough memory to hold a
few instructions of a program and the data they process. Complete programs and
data sets are held in memory external to the processor. This memory is of two
fundamental types: main memory, and secondary memory.
Main memory is sometimes called volatile because it looses its information when
power is removed. Secondary memory is usually nonvolatile because it retains its
information when power is removed. (However, it needs power when information
is stored into memory or retrieved from it.)
Main memory:
o closely connected to the processor.
o stored data are quickly and easily changed.
o holds the programs and data that the processor is actively working
with.
o interacts with the processor millions of times per second.
3. 3
o needs constant electric power to keep its information.
Secondary memory:
o connected to main memory through the bus and a controller.
o stored data are easily changed, but changes are slow compared to
main memory.
o used for long-term storage of programs and data.
o before data and programs can be used, they must be copied from
secondary memory into main memory.
o does not need electric power to keep its information.
Main Memory
Main memory is where programs and data are kept when the processor is actively
using them. When programs and data become active, they are copied from
secondary memory into main memory where the processor can interact with them.
A copy remains in secondary memory.
Main memory is intimately connected to the processor, so moving instructions and
data into and out of the processor is very fast. Main memory is sometimes called
RAM. RAM stands for Random Access Memory. "Random" means that the
memory cells can be accessed in any order.
When people say that a computer has "512 megabytes of RAM" they are talking
about how big its main memory is. One megabyte of memory is enough to hold
approximately one million (106
) characters of a word processing document. (There
will be more about bytes and megabytes later on in these notes.)
Nothing permanent is kept in main memory. Sometimes data are placed in main
memory for just a few seconds, only as long as they are needed.
Secondary Memory
Secondary memory is where programs and data are kept on a long-term basis.
Common secondary storage devices are the hard disk and optical disks.
The hard disk has enormous storage capacity compared to main memory.
The hard disk is usually contained inside the case of a computer.
The hard disk is used for long-term storage of programs and data.
Data and programs on the hard disk are organized into files.
A file is a section of the disk that has a name.
4. 4
A hard disk might have a storage capacity of 500 gigabytes (room for about 500 x
109
characters). This is about 100 times the capacity of main memory. A hard disk
is slow compared to main memory. If the disk were the only type of memory the
computer system would slow down to a crawl. The reason for having two types of
storage is this difference in speed and capacity.
Large blocks of data are copied from disk into main memory. The operation is
slow, but lots of data is copied. Then the processor can quickly read and write
small sections of that data in main memory. When it is done, a large block of data
is written to disk.
Often, while the processor is computing with one block of data in main memory,
the next block of data from disk is read into another section of main memory and
made ready for the processor. One of the jobs of an operating system is to manage
main storage and disks this way.
Primary memory Secondary memory
Fast
Expensive
Low capacity
Works directly with the
processor
Slow
Cheap
Large capacity
Not connected directly to the
processor
Input and Output Devices
Input and output devices allow the computer system to interact with the outside
world by moving data into and out of the system. An input device is used to bring
data into the system. Some input devices are:
Keyboard
Mouse
Microphone
Bar code reader
Graphics tablet
5. 5
An output device is used to send data out of the system. Some output devices are:
Monitor
Printer
Speaker
A network interface acts as both input and output. Data flows from the network
into the computer, and out of the computer into the network.
I/O
Input/output devices are usually called I/O devices. They are directly connected to
an electronic module attached to the motherboard called a device controller. For
example, the speakers of a multimedia computer system are directly connected to a
device controller called an audio card, which in turn is plugged into a bus on the
motherboard.
Sometimes secondary memory devices like the hard disk are called I/O devices
(because they move data in and out of main memory). What counts as an I/O
device depends on context. To a user, an I/O device is something outside of the
computer case. To a programmer, anything outside of the processor and main
memory is an I/O device. To an engineer working on the design of a processor
everything outside of the processor is an I/O device.
Software
Computer software consists of both programs and data. Programs consist of
instructions for the processor. Data can be any information that a program needs:
character data, numerical data, image data, audio data, and countless other types.
The distinction between programs and data is not as clear-cut as you might think,
however.
Fundamental Idea: Both programs and data are saved in computer memory in the
same way. The electronics of computer memory (both main memory and
secondary memory) make no distinction between programs and data.
The insight that both programs and data can be saved using the same electronic
methods is an important concept in computer science. Computer systems use
memory for either programs or data, as needed.
6. 6
Types of Programs
There are two categories of programs. Application programs (usually called just
"applications") are programs that people use to get their work done. Computers
exist because people want to run these programs. Systems programs keep the
hardware and software running together smoothly. The difference between
"application program" and "system program" is fuzzy. Often it is more a matter of
marketing than of logic.
The most important systems program is the operating system. The operating
system is always present when a computer is running. It coordinates the operation
of the other hardware and software components of the computer system. The
operating system is responsible for starting up application programs, running them,
and managing the resources that they need. When an application program is
running, the operating system manages the details of the hardware for it. For
example, when you type characters on the keyboard, the operating system
determines which application program they are intended for and does the work of
getting them there.
Some embedded systems do not use an operating system, but run their programs
directly on the processor.
Modern operating systems for desktop computers come with a user interface that
enables users to easily interact with application programs (and with the operating
system itself) by using windows, buttons, menus, icons, the mouse, and the
keyboard. Examples of operating systems are Unix, Linux, Windows XP, and
System 10.
Application Programs Systems Programs
Word processors
Game programs
Spreadsheets
Data base systems
Graphics programs
Web browsers
Operating system
Networking system
Programming language software
Web site server
Data backup
7. 7
Operating Systems
An operating system is a complex program that keeps the hardware and software
components of a computer system coordinated and functioning. It is like the owner
of a small shop, who keeps everything in order by attending to customers,
accepting deliveries, stocking the shelves, doing the bookkeeping, and so on. The
shopkeeper must promptly attend to tasks as they arise. Without the shopkeeper the
shop could not function.
Most computer systems can potentially run any of several operating systems. For
example, most Pentium-based computers can run either Linux or a Windows
operating systems. Usually only one operating system is installed on a computer
system, although some computers have several. In any case, only one operating
system at a time can be in control of the computer system. The computer user
makes a choice when the computer is turned on, and that operating system remains
in control until the computer is turned off.