Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders where there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin or the cells not responding properly to insulin. The main types are type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes. Type 1 is caused by autoimmune destruction of beta cells and requires insulin treatment. Type 2 comprises 80% of cases and begins with insulin resistance. Gestational diabetes occurs in pregnant women. Acute complications include ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia, and the hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome. Late complications involve damage to small and large blood vessels leading to numerous health issues. Treatment focuses on managing blood sugar levels and complications through