This document compares and contrasts westernization and modernization. It defines westernization as the adoption of western democratic, secular, and free market ideals as well as values like individualism, equality, and constitutionalism. Modernization is defined by criteria like industrialization, urbanization, rational thought, education, communication, and centralized states. The document outlines theories of modernization and westernization in India and concludes that westernization focuses on adopting western behaviors and values in a homogeneous way, while modernization implies positive social and political change leading to heterogeneity.

1. Comparative analysis of
westernization and modernization

2. Contents
 Introduction
 Westernization
 Westernization in India
 The End of the history
 Modernization
 Criteria of Modernization
 The clash of the civilization
 Comparison between Modernization and Westernization

3. Westernization Include
• Democracy• Secularization
• Free market
• Human rights
Liberty Equality
Individualism
Constitutio-
alism

4. “The end of the history”
by Fukuyama

5. Modernization
Criteria of Modernization:
 Industrialization
 Urbanization
 Technically Rational Modes of Thought
 Mass education
 Mass communication
 A centralized nation state

6. Causes of modernization
Modernization
Education
Mass
Communicati
on
Charismatic
leadership
Ideology
based on
nationalism

7. Impact of modernization
 Development of modern means of transport
 Industrialization of economy
 Revolutionized production
 Unemployment increase
 Spread of scientific and technical education
 More mobilization and less institutionalization

9. Comparison Between westernization and
Modernization
 Westernization is
ethically neutral.
 Westernization is used as
behavior and value
aspect.
 Homogeneity
 Modernization is
normally used in the
sense that it is good.
 Modernization involves
change in social and
political organization
 heterogeneity

10. Conclusion