The document provides a detailed overview of the history and development of the Indian Railways system. Some key points: - The first train service in India began in 1851 between Bombay and Thana, and rail networks were established and expanded under British rule. - At independence in 1947, India had over 40 rail systems that were nationalized into one state-owned entity with 16 zones. - Over time the railways were modernized with the phase out of steam locomotives in 1985, computerization of reservation systems in the late 1980s-1990s, and the opening of difficult routes like the Konkan Railway. - The railways play a major role in transporting passengers and freight across the large

3. • Monopoly of country’s rail transport
• In 1832, a proposal was made to build a railroad
between Madras & Bangalore, but it never materialized.
• In 1845, two companies formed
– East Indian Railway Company operating from Calcutta
– Great Indian Peninsula Railway operating from
Bombay
• On December 22, 1851, first train is operational in India
• April 16, 1853, first passenger train introduced between
Bombay & Thana (34km) at 3.30 PM.
• Railways grows in India with encouragement of the
British Government.

4. • Due to Partition, India lost 40% of its existing rail network.
• At independence, 42 rail systems were existing
• In 1951, all systems were nationalized as one unit.
• Total of 6 zones came into existence in 1952, later extended to 16
zones.
• In 1985, steam locomotives are phased out.
• In 1987, computerisation of reservation first was carried out in
Bombay
• In 1989, train numbers were standardized to 4 digits.
• In 1995, entire reservation system was computerized.
• In 1998, Konkan Railway was opened spanning difficult terrain
through the Western Ghats.

6. • Railways Zones –
No. Name
1 Central
2 East Central
3 East Coast
4 Eastern
5 North Central
6 North Eastern
7 North Western
8 Northeast Frontier
9 Northern
10 South Central
11 South East Central
12 South Eastern
13 South Western
14 Southern
15 West Central
16 Western

7. • Passenger Services
– Operates over 9000 trains and transports over 5
billion annually across India.
– Preferred mode of transport in most of the
country.
– Overcrowding is a widely faced problem
– Ticket-less travel is also an additional problem
faced.

8. • Production Services
• In addition, Central Organisation for Railway Electrification
(CORE) headquartered at Allahabad is also headed by a GM.
• Its job is to undertake electrification projects of IR & monitor
Name HQ Purpose
Diesel Locomotive Works Varanasi
Manufacture mainline diesel-electric for passenger and
freight traffic
Chittaranjan Locomotive
Works Chitaranjan
Manufacture electric locomotives using DC traction as well
as AC-AC transmission
Diesel-Loco
Modernisation Works Patiala Manufactures key sub-assemblies for Diesel Locomotives
Integral Coach Factory Chennai Make coaches for the Indian Railways
Rail Coach Factory Kapurthala Modern plant and has a much more flexible automation
Wheel & Axle Plant Bengaluru Makes cast wheels for wagons

9. • Freight
– Contributes to 70%
of revenues
– Last 2 decades,
shifted to large
container
movement.
– Majority of
earnings comes
from carrying bulk
goods like iron ore,
coal, crude oil.
– Introduced
CONRAJ for high
priority freight

10. • Suburban Rail
– Many cities have dedicated suburban networks.
– Cities include Mumbai, Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad,
Kolkata, Lucknow & Pune.
– Only Mumbai, Pune & Hyderabad share tracks with long
distance trains.
– Trains are mostly electric multiple units.
– Only in Mumbai trains run on Direct Current, rest run on
Alternating Current.

12. • Other PSU’s under the control of Ministry of Railways
– Indian Railways Catering and Tourism Corporation
– Konkan Railway Corporation
– Indian Railway Finance Corporation
– Mumbai Rail Vikas Corporation
– Railtel Corporation of India – Telecommunication Networks
– RITES Ltd. – Consulting Division of Indian Railways
– IRCON International Ltd. – Construction Division
– Rail Vikas Nigam Limited
• Centre for Railway Information Systems is an autonomous
society under Railway Board, which is responsible for
developing the major software required by Indian Railways
for its operations.

13. • World’s third largest railway network
• Prime movers to the nation
• Approximately 65,000 km of rail tracks and over 7,151 railway
stations.
• IR owns a fleet of
– 2,22,379 wagons
– 42,441 coaches
– 7,910 locomotives
• Operates 1,60,251 trains including 9,550 passenger trains,
carrying about 1.6 million tonnes of freight and about 18
million passengers daily

15. • In 2002-03, 'social service obligation' of Indian Railways
worked out Rs 37.87 billion.
• A 2001-02 review of all "branch lines" disclosed that 115
trains had become uneconomical, accounting for an
annual loss of Rs 434 crore.
• In 2001, the ratio of net revenue to capital declined to
2.5
• In 1999-2000, fund balances had touched a low of Rs.
1.49 billion.
• Operating ratio reached 98.8 percent in the year ending
March 2001.

16. • Surplus manpower…1.6 million in FY 2001.
• Poor staff productivity.
• Loss of market share in the profitable freight
business.
• Lack of flexibility in pricing.
• Lack of accountability.
• Politicization of the decision-making processes

18. THE SAVIOURTHE SAVIOUR

19. • Modernization
• Safety and security of passengers
• Replacement and renewal of assets
• Track renewal & improvement in passenger amenities
• Increase in productivity and reduction in operating
ratio.
• Computerization of railway systems.
• Induction of new technologies for signalling and
telecom.
• Prevention of leakages of revenue.

20. • Capacity Enhancement
• increasing wagon loading capacity
• reducing wagon turnaround time
• increasing length of wagon sidings(platforms)
• reducing loading/unloading time
• avoiding frequent train examination

21. • Capacity Utilization
• Dynamic pricing policy
• Tariff Rationalization
• Non-peak Season Incremental Freight Discount
• Loyalty Discount Scheme
• Long-term Freight Discount Scheme
• Multiple Unloading

22. • Revenue Enhancement
• Focusing on low-cost high-volume operations
• Revision in freight rates
• Increasing number of coaches in popular trains
• Reducing AC class fares
• Introducing Garib Raths to attract volumes

23. • Change in the macro-economic conditions
• Rise in demand
• Change in the legal position
• Changes in organisational culture
• Human resources initiatives
• Downsizing
• Decentralising

24. • In FY 2006-2007, IR registered profits of Rs. 200 billion.
• As of 2007, IR was India's second largest profit making PSU
after ONGC.
• Revenue per staff witnessed a rise by 68 percent (2001–
2006).
• Operating Ratio was brought down to 78.7 percent by 2007.
• Enhanced axle load and reduction in turnaround time of
wagons increased by 14%
• IR increased wagon capacity available per day by 36 %
• The number of employees reduced to 1.412 million by 2006 .
• The number of accidents have been more than halved from
473 (2001) to 200 (2007)
• Increase in the volume of passengers by approx 29 percent

25. SWOT Analysis

26. S-STRENGTH
• The ‘Biggest Organization’ in the world under one
roof.
• Luxuries & affordable to ‘Aam adami’.
• Connects different cities and states.
• Technological advancement.

27. W-WEAKNESS
• Lack of accident proof magnetic wheels in trains.
• Corruption within department.
• Non pro-active employees.
• Lack of safety.
• Poor infrastructure.
• Delayed trains.

28. O-OPPORTUNITY
• “Metro” in commercial city like mumbai.
• Development in small cities.
• Profit through privatization.

29. T-THREATST-THREATS
• Low cost airlines.
• Improvement of other infrastructure like
roadways.
• Could be taken over by airlines.

31. • The XIIth Plan (20013-17) lays ambitious
targets for
1. Freight and passenger business transportation
2. Capacity augmentation
3. Technological up gradation.
4. Sustained improvement of services .

33. • Increase in market share in freight traffic, both bulk and non-bulk, was the
important focus area.
• Plan priorities for IR - building capacity for handling traffic growth
• Up-gradation for heavy axle load movement
• Modernization of freight and passenger terminals
• Developing world class stations
• Information Technology initiatives and technological up-gradations.

34. • Quantum increase in traffic through incremental
capacity augmentation :
• Capacity creation targets in XIIth Plan have been kept at twice/thrice.
• 2000 km of new lines, convert 10000 km of Meter/Narrow gauge lines to
Broad gauge, double 6000 km of single track and electrify 3500 km of
network length
• Manufacture/ procure 1,55,000 wagons (equivalent 4 wheeler units),
17,500 coaches, 2800 EMUs.
• 2200 MEMU/DEMU and 3600 Locomotives (1800 Electric and 1800 Diesel)

35. • Amenities
• Provision of on-line coach indication display board; on-line train arrival
departure information board; on-line reservation availability information board.
• Provision of discharge-free green toilets in all 36,000 coaches in XI Plan period at
a cost of about Rs.4,000 cr.
• LHB design coaches for all Rajdhani and Shatabdi trains over next few years.
• Provision of LHB coaches with stainless steel bogies in Mail/Express trains.

36. • Concessions
• Senior citizen concession for women enhanced to 50% from existing 30%.
• Free Monthly Seasonal Ticket to girl students up to graduation level in place of
12th
standard and for boys up to 12th
standard in place of 10th
standard.
• Improvements in ticketing
• Termination of queues at ticket counters targeted in two years.
• Ticket booking on mobile phones; E-ticket for waitlisted passengers.
• Increase in Unreserved Ticketing Systems counters to 15,000 and ATVMs to
6000.

37. • Freight Business
• Reductions & Concessions
• 30% discount on entire traffic in place of
incremental traffic booked from goods shed.
• Increase in discount on incremental traffic
booked from private sidings from 30% to 40%.
• 6% freight concession for traffic booked from
other States for stations in North Eastern
States.

38. • Safety & Security
• Multi-pronged scheme to strengthen railway safety through various
automatic devices like anti-collision device etc.
• Rail accidents have reduced remarkably despite substantial increase in
gross traffic volumes.
• Fire resistant material to be used in coaches.
• Unmanned level crossings at busy sections to be manned on a fast track
basis.
• Integrated security plan drawn up through installation of CCTVs, metal
detectors etc.

39. • Staff Welfare
• A new divisional hospital at Ranchi and an OPD block at Integral
Coach Factory to be constructed.
• Employees who joined Railways from other agencies/PSUs etc and
are eligible for pensioner benefits, would now be eligible for post
retirement complimentary passes as per the norms being set.

40. • Vision 2020
• Aims at setting the roadmap for coming 17 years – customer centric
and market responsive strategic initiatives.
• Information Technology Vision 2012 aims at radical changes in IT
applications ,improvement in operational efficiency, transparency in
working ad better services to the customers.
• Multi-Departmental Innovation Promotion Group at Apex Level.

41. • Vision 2020
• Public-Private Partnership schemes to be launched for attracting an
investment of Rs.1,00,000 cr over the next five years for developing
world class stations, rolling stock ad other logistics.
• Commercial use of Railway land by Rail Land Development
Authority to give a boost to Railway Revenues.

42. Time for Fun: Facts and FiguresTime for Fun: Facts and Figures
• IR has of more than 7,500 railway stations in
its periphery and route of railway track more
than 62000 km which is 4th in the world.
• IR's Fastest Train: Bhopal- Shatabdi (runs at a
speed up to 140 Km/hr)
• IR's Highest Station: Ghum, Darjeeling(2,257
m from M.S.L)
• Longest Run (Time): Dibrugarh Town -
Kanyakumari Vivek Express (4286km in 82:30
hours)

43. • Longest Run for Daily Train: Kerala Express (3054 km in 42.5
hrs)
• Longest Railway Platform in the World: Kharagpur in west
bengal(2,733 ft in length)
• Busiest Railway Station: Lucknow (64 trains everyday)
• IR Daily Runs: About 14,000 trains
• Railway Station with all the Three Gauges: Siliguri Railway
Station
• The total distance covered by the 14,300 trains on the Indian
Railways every day , equals three & half times the distance
to moon.
Time for Fun: Facts and FiguresTime for Fun: Facts and Figures

44. Innovations: Acceptable :P
• Improve average speed of IR by Reducing
speed restriction and permitting higher speed
• Improve power transmission in Electric
locomotives
• Improvising in Services provided
• Improvising standards of online registration
system
• Better maintenance

45. Innovations: Acceptable :P
• Innovation should be done in the suspension
system ,joints of two wagons so that comfort
level of the passenger can be increased.
• Sensors should be provided for the track at
certain distance so that problems related
track should be rectify immediately.
• Improving Riding Comfort by installing better
braking system, providing more spaces,
better amenities.

46. Questions

47. THANK YOU !!