The document discusses network media and hardware topics relevant to the CompTIA N+ certification. It describes different types of bounded and unbounded network media, including copper cable, fiber optic cable, wireless communication, and radio networking. It also discusses noise control techniques and major network connectivity devices such as NICs, hubs, switches, and routers.
The document discusses 3G mobile technology. It begins with an overview of 3G and its ability to harness the full power of the internet through high-speed radio transmission. It then covers 3G standards and capabilities like higher bandwidth, improved voice quality and support for multiple simultaneous services. The document also looks at 3G services in Asia, the evolution from 2G networks, applications of 3G technology and drivers for the 3G market. It concludes with a summary of 3G as an opportunity for business, commerce and consumers by bringing mobile and internet sectors together.
This document outlines the topics and units covered in a 4-6 week course to prepare students for the CompTIA Network+ certification exam. The course covers network fundamentals, wired and wireless networking, security threats and practices, network access control, monitoring, and troubleshooting. It is recommended that students have an A+ certification or equivalent experience with personal computers before taking this course.
The document provides information about NIICT, a training institute that offers courses in systems and network administration, animation and multimedia. It details some of NIICT's strengths and courses offered, including certifications from Cisco, Microsoft, Red Hat and Solaris. The document also provides background information on Cisco, an overview of Cisco's products and solutions, and descriptions of Cisco certifications including CCNA, CCNP and CCIE.
Other test equipment providers sell LTE capabilities separately, but following our all-inclusive model, we’ve included LTE testing for every BreakingPoint CTM, existing or new. (All it takes is a firmware update.) The combination of such large-scale testing and our all-in-one pricing model drops the cost per UE to under $0.25. That’s right — less than 25 cents.
Contrast that to the $1,000 price tag mentioned above, and it’s not hard to see the impact it makes. The fact that we can now offer our customers the most cost-effective option of simulating millions of concurrent users with real application traffic (plus security attacks and fuzzing, of course) means that they can now validate their LTE network configurations at scale before going live. This is something they simply could not have done before.
For more information, please visit www.breakingpoint.com/lte
This document provides guidance on designing and implementing fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) networks using passive optical networks (PON). It discusses choosing between centralized and cascaded splitting approaches. Centralized splitting uses a single splitter located close to the optical line terminal, while cascaded splitting uses multiple splitters in a tree-like structure. The document also covers topics like choosing splitter types, calculating splitting ratios and attenuation budgets, and testing optical power levels. Designing an FTTH network requires considering factors like topology, subscriber density and distance to optimize network performance and cost.
Wireless networking uses radio frequency signals to connect electronic devices without wires. It allows for network interface cards with antennas to connect to an access point and establish connections between devices within a limited range. There are different types of wireless networks classified by size, including wireless local area networks (WLANs), wireless metropolitan area networks (WMANs), wireless wide area networks (WWANs), and wireless personal area networks (WPANs). Wireless networks use various technologies and standards to operate, with security protocols that have improved over time to better protect data transmitted over the air.
Virtual private networks (VPNs) allow employees to securely access a company's intranet from remote locations over the public Internet. VPNs use encryption and tunneling protocols to create a private network across a public network like the Internet. This allows employees to access the company network from anywhere while also saving costs compared to traditional private networks by reducing equipment and maintenance expenses. VPNs authenticate users, control access, ensure confidentiality of data during transmission, and verify data integrity using encryption, digital signatures, and tunneling protocols like IPsec, L2TP, and PPTP. While VPNs provide advantages such as lower costs and remote access, they also have disadvantages like dependence on public networks outside the company's control and potential issues with
FTTH Deployment in Ireland: Eir's experiences (workshop FTTH EU Conference 2016)Comsof
Ireland is an interesting market to focus on, as FTTH deployment in Ireland involves different players, varying types of population densities and different architectures and deployment methods. The very competitive market structure in some parts of the country is countered by government involvement to improve the infrastructure for rural areas. Eir’s Senior Access Strategist, David Renehan will explain how they handle all these difficulties and will highlight their learnings from the project, while experts from Comsof and GE dive into specific issues in the planning and deployment process.
This is the presentation from a workshop at the FTTH EU Conference 2016 titled "Learning from Real life cases - key success factors during preparation of a FTTH rollout" organized by iMinds, GE and FiberPlanIT.
The document discusses 3G mobile technology. It begins with an overview of 3G and its ability to harness the full power of the internet through high-speed radio transmission. It then covers 3G standards and capabilities like higher bandwidth, improved voice quality and support for multiple simultaneous services. The document also looks at 3G services in Asia, the evolution from 2G networks, applications of 3G technology and drivers for the 3G market. It concludes with a summary of 3G as an opportunity for business, commerce and consumers by bringing mobile and internet sectors together.
This document outlines the topics and units covered in a 4-6 week course to prepare students for the CompTIA Network+ certification exam. The course covers network fundamentals, wired and wireless networking, security threats and practices, network access control, monitoring, and troubleshooting. It is recommended that students have an A+ certification or equivalent experience with personal computers before taking this course.
The document provides information about NIICT, a training institute that offers courses in systems and network administration, animation and multimedia. It details some of NIICT's strengths and courses offered, including certifications from Cisco, Microsoft, Red Hat and Solaris. The document also provides background information on Cisco, an overview of Cisco's products and solutions, and descriptions of Cisco certifications including CCNA, CCNP and CCIE.
Other test equipment providers sell LTE capabilities separately, but following our all-inclusive model, we’ve included LTE testing for every BreakingPoint CTM, existing or new. (All it takes is a firmware update.) The combination of such large-scale testing and our all-in-one pricing model drops the cost per UE to under $0.25. That’s right — less than 25 cents.
Contrast that to the $1,000 price tag mentioned above, and it’s not hard to see the impact it makes. The fact that we can now offer our customers the most cost-effective option of simulating millions of concurrent users with real application traffic (plus security attacks and fuzzing, of course) means that they can now validate their LTE network configurations at scale before going live. This is something they simply could not have done before.
For more information, please visit www.breakingpoint.com/lte
This document provides guidance on designing and implementing fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) networks using passive optical networks (PON). It discusses choosing between centralized and cascaded splitting approaches. Centralized splitting uses a single splitter located close to the optical line terminal, while cascaded splitting uses multiple splitters in a tree-like structure. The document also covers topics like choosing splitter types, calculating splitting ratios and attenuation budgets, and testing optical power levels. Designing an FTTH network requires considering factors like topology, subscriber density and distance to optimize network performance and cost.
Wireless networking uses radio frequency signals to connect electronic devices without wires. It allows for network interface cards with antennas to connect to an access point and establish connections between devices within a limited range. There are different types of wireless networks classified by size, including wireless local area networks (WLANs), wireless metropolitan area networks (WMANs), wireless wide area networks (WWANs), and wireless personal area networks (WPANs). Wireless networks use various technologies and standards to operate, with security protocols that have improved over time to better protect data transmitted over the air.
Virtual private networks (VPNs) allow employees to securely access a company's intranet from remote locations over the public Internet. VPNs use encryption and tunneling protocols to create a private network across a public network like the Internet. This allows employees to access the company network from anywhere while also saving costs compared to traditional private networks by reducing equipment and maintenance expenses. VPNs authenticate users, control access, ensure confidentiality of data during transmission, and verify data integrity using encryption, digital signatures, and tunneling protocols like IPsec, L2TP, and PPTP. While VPNs provide advantages such as lower costs and remote access, they also have disadvantages like dependence on public networks outside the company's control and potential issues with
FTTH Deployment in Ireland: Eir's experiences (workshop FTTH EU Conference 2016)Comsof
Ireland is an interesting market to focus on, as FTTH deployment in Ireland involves different players, varying types of population densities and different architectures and deployment methods. The very competitive market structure in some parts of the country is countered by government involvement to improve the infrastructure for rural areas. Eir’s Senior Access Strategist, David Renehan will explain how they handle all these difficulties and will highlight their learnings from the project, while experts from Comsof and GE dive into specific issues in the planning and deployment process.
This is the presentation from a workshop at the FTTH EU Conference 2016 titled "Learning from Real life cases - key success factors during preparation of a FTTH rollout" organized by iMinds, GE and FiberPlanIT.
Une présentation d'un éxposé intitulé:
Structure et Familles des liaisons numériques: liaisons multiplexées (WDM, OTDM…)
C'est une couverture générale sur le multiplexage optique.
Virtual Private Networks (VPN) allow secure connections over public networks like the Internet. VPNs use encryption to create "virtual private tunnels" between devices. This allows remote users to access resources on a private network as if they were directly connected. There are two main types - remote access VPNs for individual users and site-to-site VPNs to connect multiple office locations. VPNs work by encapsulating data packets within encrypted "tunnels" to securely transmit them between endpoints across public networks while maintaining privacy and security.
This document discusses the configuration and operation of single-area OSPF routing. It begins with an overview of OSPF components and operations, including the use of link-state advertisements to exchange routing information. It then covers topics like configuring OSPF such as setting costs, passive interfaces, and area types. Verification techniques are provided like checking neighbors, routes, and protocol settings. OSPFv3 is also summarized, noting the similarities to and differences from OSPFv2 in areas like interface configuration and address types.
CompTIA Network+ certification course provides the skills and expertise to jump start your career in network administration. Whether you are interested in studying for specific sections of the CompTIA Network+ examination, like firewalling, or a broad prep course so that you can ace every section of the examination, NetCom Learning has a course for you. Check more details at - https://www.netcomlearning.com/products/136/CompTIA-Network+-training.html
This document provides an overview of IPTV (Internet Protocol Television), including what it is, why it is used, how it works, its benefits and features, problems associated with it, and conclusions. Specifically, IPTV allows users to watch television and video content over an internet connection and offers on-demand content, an interactive program guide, personal recording capabilities, and personalized advertising. It works using Internet Group Management Protocol and Real Time Streaming Protocol and requires set-top boxes and a reliable broadband connection with enough bandwidth. While offering an improved television experience, high equipment and infrastructure costs pose challenges to widespread adoption of IPTV.
The OIF represents over 100 member companies working to accelerate the adoption of new optical networking technologies. It develops implementation agreements (IAs) for electrical, protocol, and optical interfaces to address current industry needs. Recent work includes the CEI IA for electrical chip-to-chip interfaces up to 56Gbps and new CFP8-ACO and flexible coherent transmission frameworks. Interoperability demonstrations have validated OIF solutions work across member products. The OIF aims to fill gaps in optical networking standards through open collaboration.
Draw IT Network Diagrams Like a Pro Using AutoCADTuan Yang
Watch Recording here - https://bit.ly/2HG408e
Using diagrams to showcase any intricate relationship or structure is a great way to simplify processes, as well as attract and retain user attention. Network Diagrams not only allow everyone on the team to understand structures, networks, and processes, but it also comes in handy with project management, the maintenance of network structures, debugging, etc.
This document provides an overview of a webinar comparing GSM, UMTS, and LTE mobile networks. It introduces the presenters and their backgrounds. The webinar will cover topics such as base station identification codes, frequency reuse, modulation schemes, and data rates for each network standard. It also provides information on Aircom's LTE training and accreditation courses.
The document provides an overview and agenda for a presentation on advances in Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM). It begins with definitions of DWDM and how it works by combining multiple optical transmitters onto an optical fiber using different wavelengths. It then covers optical fiber types and properties, linear and non-linear effects that impact transmission over fiber including attenuation, chromatic dispersion, optical signal-to-noise ratio, and solutions to mitigate these effects like amplifiers, dispersion compensation, and forward error correction. Finally, it reviews common DWDM components like transmitters, receivers, mux/demux filters, optical add/drop multiplexers, and reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexers.
This document discusses encryption in data center and fiber optic networks. It notes that Edward Snowden revealed that unencrypted communications are no longer safe. It then discusses how data centers secure physical access, hardware, software and fiber connections. It explains that encryption on the lowest network layer provides the highest security. The document presents ADVA's encryption solutions for 10G and 100G networks, including key lengths and management systems. It notes over 1,600 encrypted links are currently in operation across finance, government, healthcare and other industries.
UMTS Long Term Evolution, LTE, is the technology of choice for the majority of network operators worldwide for providing mobile
broadband data and high-speed internet access to their subscriber base. Due to the high commitment LTE is the innovation platform
for the wireless industry for the next decade.
This class will provide the basics of this fascinating technology. After attending this course you will have an understanding of
OFDM-principles including SC-FDMA as the transmission scheme of choice for the LTE uplink. Multiple antenna technology (MIMO),
a fundamental part of LTE, will be explained as well as its impact on the design of device and network architecture. We’ll give a quick
introduction into the evolution of this technology including future upgrades of LTE features like multimedia broadcast, location based
services and increasing bandwidth through carrier aggregation.
The second part of the course will provide an overview including practical examples and exercises on how to test a LTE-capable device
while performing standardized RF measurements such as power, signal quality, spectrum and receiver sensitivity. We’ll address how
to automate these measurements in a simple and cost-effective way. We will introduce application based testing by demonstrating
end-to-end (E2E), throughput and application testing using the Rohde & Schwarz R&S®CMW500 Wideband Radio Communication
Tester. Examples of application tests are voice over LTE, VoLTE or Video over LTE.
With 5G use cases placing more demanding requirements on the networks, Ericsson is strengthening its end-to-end mobile transport solutions by building on its radio expertise and adding best-in-class transport technologies from Juniper Networks and ECI Telecom.
El documento introduce las redes 3G/UMTS, sus causas y beneficios. La 3G surgió por la demanda de transmisión de grandes volúmenes de datos, la saturación de las redes 2G, y la necesidad de una arquitectura universal. UMTS ofrece nuevos servicios multimedia, cobertura mundial y velocidades de datos más altas. HSDPA mejora aún más las velocidades de descarga mediante la modulación y codificación adaptativas, canales compartidos de alta velocidad y retransmisiones automáticas híbridas
Introducing high-performance ONTs for the multigigabit edgeAdtran
Our SDX 630 Series is a new generation of 10G symmetric XGS-PON optical network terminals (ONTs) designed to address the demands of residential and business customers in the multigigabit era. With speeds up to 10Gbit/s, the flexible, open technology provides a cost-effective path to high-bandwidth services while enabling service providers to support existing FTTH subscribers.
Next-Generation Wireless Overview & Outlook Update 12/8/21Mark Goldstein
Mark Goldstein of International Research Center presented a Next-Gen Wireless Overview & Outlook to the IEEE Computer Society Phoenix (https://ewh.ieee.org/r6/phoenix/compsociety/) on Wednesday, 12/8/21. He explored the next-generation wireless landscape with its underlying emerging technologies, protocols & standards, market trends & opportunities in a deep dive presentation covering all of today's wireless essentials. New spectrum and technologies driven by a rapidly evolving application landscape will be served up in innovative ways through 5G/6G mobile, Wi-Fi 6E, CBRS, White Space, mmWave, satellite & varieties of LPWAN connecting billions of new IoT sensors & devices spread around smart spaces & enabling autonomous transportation. Explore emerging wireless advances, roadblocks & operational challenges bringing you the insight and strategies to leverage emerging wireless opportunities going forward.
The document provides an overview of Cloud RAN (C-RAN) technology for mobile networks. C-RAN architecture centralizes baseband processing units (BBUs) in a pooled data center rather than in individual cell sites. This allows for more efficient utilization of resources and significantly reduces network costs and power consumption compared to traditional distributed architectures. Some key advantages of C-RAN include adaptability to non-uniform traffic, scalability, reduced capital and operating expenditures, increased throughput via better interference management, and easier network upgrades. However, challenges remain around the high bandwidth requirements for optical fronthaul networks and ensuring low latency, as well as developing virtualization and cooperation techniques.
Buenas prácticas para el despliegue y administración de redes Wi-Fi - Cambium...Eliot Eggers
Este documento presenta las mejores prácticas para el despliegue y administración de redes Wi-Fi. Explica los diferentes tipos de puntos de acceso, la importancia de conocer el entorno y las necesidades de los clientes, y formas de mejorar el rendimiento de la red a través de la optimización de canales, la equidad de tiempo de aire y la desactivación de tasas de datos legacy. También destaca la importancia de realizar un survey pasivo para medir interferencias y puntos de atenuación, y un survey predictivo antes de la inst
What is 5G NR all about? Check out this presentation to see all the key design components of this new unifying air interface for the next decade and beyond.
The document discusses various TCP/IP services and protocols. It begins by identifying objectives like NetBIOS name resolution methods, TCP/IP utilities, and upper-layer services. It then provides details on NetBIOS name resolution using methods like WINS, LMHOSTS file, and broadcasts. It also describes utilities like Tracert, Netstat, Nbtstat and Nslookup. Finally, it discusses upper-layer services and protocols like FTP, Telnet, HTTP, and interoperability services like NFS, SMB, and SSH.
This document provides an overview of key networking concepts and terms. It defines networks, servers, clients, peers, and other common networking components. It also outlines standard networking models including centralized, client-server, and peer-to-peer networks. Additionally, it covers network topologies, categories such as LANs and WANs, and standard bodies that develop networking standards.
Une présentation d'un éxposé intitulé:
Structure et Familles des liaisons numériques: liaisons multiplexées (WDM, OTDM…)
C'est une couverture générale sur le multiplexage optique.
Virtual Private Networks (VPN) allow secure connections over public networks like the Internet. VPNs use encryption to create "virtual private tunnels" between devices. This allows remote users to access resources on a private network as if they were directly connected. There are two main types - remote access VPNs for individual users and site-to-site VPNs to connect multiple office locations. VPNs work by encapsulating data packets within encrypted "tunnels" to securely transmit them between endpoints across public networks while maintaining privacy and security.
This document discusses the configuration and operation of single-area OSPF routing. It begins with an overview of OSPF components and operations, including the use of link-state advertisements to exchange routing information. It then covers topics like configuring OSPF such as setting costs, passive interfaces, and area types. Verification techniques are provided like checking neighbors, routes, and protocol settings. OSPFv3 is also summarized, noting the similarities to and differences from OSPFv2 in areas like interface configuration and address types.
CompTIA Network+ certification course provides the skills and expertise to jump start your career in network administration. Whether you are interested in studying for specific sections of the CompTIA Network+ examination, like firewalling, or a broad prep course so that you can ace every section of the examination, NetCom Learning has a course for you. Check more details at - https://www.netcomlearning.com/products/136/CompTIA-Network+-training.html
This document provides an overview of IPTV (Internet Protocol Television), including what it is, why it is used, how it works, its benefits and features, problems associated with it, and conclusions. Specifically, IPTV allows users to watch television and video content over an internet connection and offers on-demand content, an interactive program guide, personal recording capabilities, and personalized advertising. It works using Internet Group Management Protocol and Real Time Streaming Protocol and requires set-top boxes and a reliable broadband connection with enough bandwidth. While offering an improved television experience, high equipment and infrastructure costs pose challenges to widespread adoption of IPTV.
The OIF represents over 100 member companies working to accelerate the adoption of new optical networking technologies. It develops implementation agreements (IAs) for electrical, protocol, and optical interfaces to address current industry needs. Recent work includes the CEI IA for electrical chip-to-chip interfaces up to 56Gbps and new CFP8-ACO and flexible coherent transmission frameworks. Interoperability demonstrations have validated OIF solutions work across member products. The OIF aims to fill gaps in optical networking standards through open collaboration.
Draw IT Network Diagrams Like a Pro Using AutoCADTuan Yang
Watch Recording here - https://bit.ly/2HG408e
Using diagrams to showcase any intricate relationship or structure is a great way to simplify processes, as well as attract and retain user attention. Network Diagrams not only allow everyone on the team to understand structures, networks, and processes, but it also comes in handy with project management, the maintenance of network structures, debugging, etc.
This document provides an overview of a webinar comparing GSM, UMTS, and LTE mobile networks. It introduces the presenters and their backgrounds. The webinar will cover topics such as base station identification codes, frequency reuse, modulation schemes, and data rates for each network standard. It also provides information on Aircom's LTE training and accreditation courses.
The document provides an overview and agenda for a presentation on advances in Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM). It begins with definitions of DWDM and how it works by combining multiple optical transmitters onto an optical fiber using different wavelengths. It then covers optical fiber types and properties, linear and non-linear effects that impact transmission over fiber including attenuation, chromatic dispersion, optical signal-to-noise ratio, and solutions to mitigate these effects like amplifiers, dispersion compensation, and forward error correction. Finally, it reviews common DWDM components like transmitters, receivers, mux/demux filters, optical add/drop multiplexers, and reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexers.
This document discusses encryption in data center and fiber optic networks. It notes that Edward Snowden revealed that unencrypted communications are no longer safe. It then discusses how data centers secure physical access, hardware, software and fiber connections. It explains that encryption on the lowest network layer provides the highest security. The document presents ADVA's encryption solutions for 10G and 100G networks, including key lengths and management systems. It notes over 1,600 encrypted links are currently in operation across finance, government, healthcare and other industries.
UMTS Long Term Evolution, LTE, is the technology of choice for the majority of network operators worldwide for providing mobile
broadband data and high-speed internet access to their subscriber base. Due to the high commitment LTE is the innovation platform
for the wireless industry for the next decade.
This class will provide the basics of this fascinating technology. After attending this course you will have an understanding of
OFDM-principles including SC-FDMA as the transmission scheme of choice for the LTE uplink. Multiple antenna technology (MIMO),
a fundamental part of LTE, will be explained as well as its impact on the design of device and network architecture. We’ll give a quick
introduction into the evolution of this technology including future upgrades of LTE features like multimedia broadcast, location based
services and increasing bandwidth through carrier aggregation.
The second part of the course will provide an overview including practical examples and exercises on how to test a LTE-capable device
while performing standardized RF measurements such as power, signal quality, spectrum and receiver sensitivity. We’ll address how
to automate these measurements in a simple and cost-effective way. We will introduce application based testing by demonstrating
end-to-end (E2E), throughput and application testing using the Rohde & Schwarz R&S®CMW500 Wideband Radio Communication
Tester. Examples of application tests are voice over LTE, VoLTE or Video over LTE.
With 5G use cases placing more demanding requirements on the networks, Ericsson is strengthening its end-to-end mobile transport solutions by building on its radio expertise and adding best-in-class transport technologies from Juniper Networks and ECI Telecom.
El documento introduce las redes 3G/UMTS, sus causas y beneficios. La 3G surgió por la demanda de transmisión de grandes volúmenes de datos, la saturación de las redes 2G, y la necesidad de una arquitectura universal. UMTS ofrece nuevos servicios multimedia, cobertura mundial y velocidades de datos más altas. HSDPA mejora aún más las velocidades de descarga mediante la modulación y codificación adaptativas, canales compartidos de alta velocidad y retransmisiones automáticas híbridas
Introducing high-performance ONTs for the multigigabit edgeAdtran
Our SDX 630 Series is a new generation of 10G symmetric XGS-PON optical network terminals (ONTs) designed to address the demands of residential and business customers in the multigigabit era. With speeds up to 10Gbit/s, the flexible, open technology provides a cost-effective path to high-bandwidth services while enabling service providers to support existing FTTH subscribers.
Next-Generation Wireless Overview & Outlook Update 12/8/21Mark Goldstein
Mark Goldstein of International Research Center presented a Next-Gen Wireless Overview & Outlook to the IEEE Computer Society Phoenix (https://ewh.ieee.org/r6/phoenix/compsociety/) on Wednesday, 12/8/21. He explored the next-generation wireless landscape with its underlying emerging technologies, protocols & standards, market trends & opportunities in a deep dive presentation covering all of today's wireless essentials. New spectrum and technologies driven by a rapidly evolving application landscape will be served up in innovative ways through 5G/6G mobile, Wi-Fi 6E, CBRS, White Space, mmWave, satellite & varieties of LPWAN connecting billions of new IoT sensors & devices spread around smart spaces & enabling autonomous transportation. Explore emerging wireless advances, roadblocks & operational challenges bringing you the insight and strategies to leverage emerging wireless opportunities going forward.
The document provides an overview of Cloud RAN (C-RAN) technology for mobile networks. C-RAN architecture centralizes baseband processing units (BBUs) in a pooled data center rather than in individual cell sites. This allows for more efficient utilization of resources and significantly reduces network costs and power consumption compared to traditional distributed architectures. Some key advantages of C-RAN include adaptability to non-uniform traffic, scalability, reduced capital and operating expenditures, increased throughput via better interference management, and easier network upgrades. However, challenges remain around the high bandwidth requirements for optical fronthaul networks and ensuring low latency, as well as developing virtualization and cooperation techniques.
Buenas prácticas para el despliegue y administración de redes Wi-Fi - Cambium...Eliot Eggers
Este documento presenta las mejores prácticas para el despliegue y administración de redes Wi-Fi. Explica los diferentes tipos de puntos de acceso, la importancia de conocer el entorno y las necesidades de los clientes, y formas de mejorar el rendimiento de la red a través de la optimización de canales, la equidad de tiempo de aire y la desactivación de tasas de datos legacy. También destaca la importancia de realizar un survey pasivo para medir interferencias y puntos de atenuación, y un survey predictivo antes de la inst
What is 5G NR all about? Check out this presentation to see all the key design components of this new unifying air interface for the next decade and beyond.
The document discusses various TCP/IP services and protocols. It begins by identifying objectives like NetBIOS name resolution methods, TCP/IP utilities, and upper-layer services. It then provides details on NetBIOS name resolution using methods like WINS, LMHOSTS file, and broadcasts. It also describes utilities like Tracert, Netstat, Nbtstat and Nslookup. Finally, it discusses upper-layer services and protocols like FTP, Telnet, HTTP, and interoperability services like NFS, SMB, and SSH.
This document provides an overview of key networking concepts and terms. It defines networks, servers, clients, peers, and other common networking components. It also outlines standard networking models including centralized, client-server, and peer-to-peer networks. Additionally, it covers network topologies, categories such as LANs and WANs, and standard bodies that develop networking standards.
This document discusses TCP/IP networking concepts including:
- Default and custom IP addressing schemes, including private IP ranges.
- TCP/IP protocols like IP, TCP, UDP, ARP, ICMP, and how they function within the TCP/IP model.
- Static and dynamic IP configuration methods like DHCP, and utilities like Ping and IPConfig used to test and view TCP/IP settings.
The document is a training session on TCP/IP installation and configuration that describes fundamental elements of TCP/IP networking like IP addressing, subnetting, protocols, and static versus dynamic addressing. It provides information needed to understand and work with TCP/IP networks.
The document discusses key topics in network communications including:
- Transmission methods like unicast, broadcast, and multicast transmissions.
- Media access methods such as CSMA/CD, polling, and token-based access that determine how nodes transmit data.
- Signaling methods including analog signals, digital signals, modulation, and serial vs. parallel transmission.
- Addressing techniques like MAC addresses, IP addresses, and network names that identify devices and deliver data packets.
- Network connection mechanisms such as simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex modes that establish communication between nodes.
The document discusses technologies for wide area network (WAN) infrastructure and network security. It covers major WAN switching technologies like circuit switching, virtual circuits, packet switching, and cell switching. It also covers major WAN transmission technologies such as dial-up connections, dedicated/leased lines, Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), cable access, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), and X.25 switched networks. Finally, it discusses identifying network threats and elements of network security like virus protection plans and local network security components.
This document provides an overview of topics to be covered in a training session on installing and configuring computer components for CompTIA A+ certification. The session will cover selecting, installing, and configuring storage devices, power supplies, memory, CPUs, and system boards. Specific topics that will be discussed include different types of storage devices like HDDs, FDDs, tape drives, optical drives, and solid state storage, as well as device installation considerations and optimization requirements. Power supply form factors and voltage requirements will also be covered.
This document outlines topics covered in a training session on tools, safety practices, and troubleshooting techniques for IT professionals. The session will cover identifying common hardware and software tools used by technicians, best practices for electrical and environmental safety, preventative maintenance, and communication skills. Specific topics include types of multimeters, loopback plugs, hardware toolkits, diagnostic software, electrical hazards, chemical hazards, the materials safety data sheet, preventative maintenance techniques, cleaning materials, troubleshooting theory and processes, and verbal and nonverbal communication skills.
This document provides guidance on proper crimping practices and procedures. It defines crimping as a process where a cable is stripped and the wire strands are placed in a metal terminal, which is then squeezed to securely hold the wire and ensure good electrical contact. It explains that crimping is quick, cheap, durable, and reliable when done properly without needing extra material. It outlines topics like wire stripping, features of a good crimp, crimping details, pull testing, crimp measurement, crimped terminals, crimping tools, and identifying crimp and terminal faults.
UTP cable is made of twisted copper wire pairs within a plastic sheath. It comes in categories like Cat3, Cat5, and Cat5e. STP cable includes a protective foil wrapping. RJ-45 connectors are used to terminate UTP cable. The installation process involves stripping cable, arranging wire pairs, crimping the RJ-45 connector, and testing the cable. Solid core cable is for fixed runs while stranded core is more flexible for patch cables. Proper tooling and technique are required to make reliable network cables.
This document discusses 9 different types of POS keyboards: compact size, full size, 78-key, LCD, Qwerty, mini Qwerty, 28-key, compact, and keyboards with 112, 66, or 51 keys. For each type, the document provides details on features such as the number of programmable keys, key materials, programming capabilities, and interfaces. It also briefly explains the basic functioning of keyboards, with the keyboard controller sending scan codes to the keyboard buffer and system software.
The document discusses cable crimping and testing for RJ45 cables. It explains the difference between straight and crossover cables and the different wiring schematics used for each. It provides steps for crimping an RJ45 connector onto a cable, including stripping the cable, inserting the wires into the connector, crimping it, and testing the connection.
Networking Cable is the medium through which information usually moves from one network device to
another. There are several types of cable which are commonly used with LANs. In some cases, a network
will utilize only one type of cable, other networks will use a variety of cable types. The type of cable
chosen for a network is related to the network's topology, protocol, and size. Understanding the
characteristics of different types of cable and how they relate to other aspects of a network is necessary
for the development of a successful network.
This document provides instructions on making straight and crossover Ethernet cable connections, including the color combinations used for each, how to strip and crimp the cables, and how to test the connections. The objectives are to understand the uses of straight and crossover cables, identify their color combinations, demonstrate and make both cable connections, and appreciate their applications. Hands-on tasks are included to have students physically make the cable connections.
The document discusses different types of cables used for network transmission including coaxial cables, twisted pair cables, and fiber optic cables. It describes the key characteristics of common coaxial cable types like RG-58, RG-8, RG-6, and RG-59. It also covers unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cables, shielded twisted pair (STP) cables, single mode fiber optic cable, and multi-mode fiber optic cable.
A computer network connects autonomous computers that can exchange information. A local area network (LAN) connects computers within a small geographic area like a building using technologies like Ethernet. A metropolitan area network (MAN) extends across a city using technologies like fiber optics. A wide area network (WAN) connects computers across large geographic areas like countries using technologies like leased lines.
This document discusses fundamental network concepts for CompTIA A+ certification, including:
- Network models like centralized, client-server, and peer-to-peer
- Common network connection types such as twisted pair, coaxial, fiber optic cables and their connectors
- Network interface card characteristics such as ports, physical addresses, and status lights
The document discusses various network media and hardware components. It describes transmission media like twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, and optical fiber cable. It also discusses network interface cards, connectors like RJ-45 and fiber optic connectors, and network devices like repeaters, hubs, switches, and routers.
This document provides an overview of videoconferencing technology, including networking technologies, cabling, videoconferencing components, and networking components. It discusses technologies like POTS, T1, ISDN, and their bandwidth capabilities. It describes cables like twisted pair, coax, fiber optic, V.35, and RS-366. It explains key videoconferencing components like codecs, cameras, monitors, lighting, and audio systems. It also discusses networking components like inverse multiplexers that break signals into pieces for transmission. The goal is to introduce educators to the technology of videoconferencing and its potential uses in education.
This document is a laboratory manual for a Computer Networking lab course. It outlines 12 experiments for students to complete over the course of the semester related to networking concepts. The first experiment involves setting up a wired local area network (LAN) using a layer 2 switch and then an IP switch to connect a minimum of four computers. It includes preparing and testing cables, configuring machines with IP addresses, and using ping and Wireshark to test connectivity. The second experiment extends the first to implement the LAN wirelessly using an access point.
This document summarizes different networking devices: NIC, hub, switch, cables/connectors, router, and modem. It describes each device's purpose and key types. The NIC converts between PC and network data transmission technologies. A hub connects devices but doesn't filter or route data efficiently. A switch can perform error checking and selectively forward packets to improve efficiency. Cables include coaxial, fiber optic, and twisted pair varieties. Connectors include RJ45, BNC, and LAN cards. Routers connect networks and use routing tables to direct packets. Modems convert digital and analog signals to transfer data over phone/cable lines.
This document provides an introduction to networking, including definitions of basic networking concepts and components. It defines what a computer network is and discusses reasons for networking. It also describes different types of networks including LANs and WANs, transmission media like twisted pair, coaxial, and fiber optic cables. Additionally, it covers topics like network topologies, peer-to-peer vs. client-server networks, and network devices.
This document provides an introduction to networking, including definitions of basic networking concepts and components. It defines what a computer network is and discusses reasons for networking like sharing information and resources. It also describes different types of networks based on transmission medium, size, management methods and topology. Specific transmission media are explained in detail, including twisted-pair cables, coaxial cables and fiber-optic cables. Local area networks and wide area networks are defined. Peer-to-peer and client-server network models are introduced. Common network topologies of bus, star and ring are outlined.
This document provides an introduction to networking, including definitions of basic networking concepts and components. It defines what a computer network is and discusses reasons for networking. It also describes different types of networks including LANs, WANs, peer-to-peer and client-server networks. Additionally, it covers various networking transmission media such as twisted pair, coaxial, and fiber optic cables. Finally, it discusses common network topologies like bus, star and ring configurations.
This document provides an overview of networking concepts including the different types of networks, transmission media, topologies and more. It defines what a network is and explains that networks allow computers to communicate and share resources. The document discusses different network types including LAN, WAN and MAN and covers various transmission media such as twisted pair cables, coaxial cables and fiber optic cables. It also examines common network topologies like bus, star and ring configurations and the differences between peer-to-peer and client-server networks.
The document discusses different types of transmission media, including guided (wired) media like twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, and fiber optic cable, as well as unguided (wireless) media like Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, satellite microwave, and infrared. It provides details on each type of media such as its components, uses, advantages, limitations, and data transmission capabilities.
This document discusses different types of computer networks and network cabling. It describes wired networks that use cables like unshielded twisted pair (UTP), shielded twisted pair (STP), coaxial, and fiber optic cables. It also discusses wireless networks and issues like wireless security. Advantages of wireless networks include mobility and fast setup, while disadvantages include potential security issues and slower speeds compared to wired connections. The document provides an overview of key network cabling types and considerations for both wired and wireless computer networks.
A local area network (LAN) uses wired connections to connect devices within a limited geographic area like a building or campus. Ethernet became the dominant wired LAN technology using carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) to regulate shared access to the transmission medium. Ethernet has evolved from 10 Mbps to 100 Mbps to 1 Gbps standards to meet increasing bandwidth demands. Key components of wired LANs include network adapters, cabling, connectors, switches/hubs, and software protocols. Other historical wired LAN technologies like Token Ring and Token Bus used token passing for medium access but have been largely replaced by Ethernet.
A network connects devices through communication links. A node can be a computer, printer, or other device capable of sending and receiving data from other nodes. There are different types of network topologies that connect nodes in different configurations, such as a star, mesh, ring, or bus topology. Networks also use various transmission media like twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, or fiber optic cable to transmit signals between nodes. Wireless networks also connect nodes using radio waves without physical cables. Network protocols and standards define rules for communication between nodes to ensure interoperability.
This document provides an introduction to networking. It defines what a network is and discusses why networking is useful for sharing information and resources. It describes different types of networks including those classified by transmission media, size, management method, and topology. Specific transmission media are examined in depth, including twisted-pair cables, coaxial cables, and fiber-optic cables. Local area networks and wide area networks are defined. Peer-to-peer and client-server network models are also introduced.
A quick overview of Data Networking that I gave to a technical group who wanted an introduction to data communications. I hope someone finds a use for it. Msg me if you want to the original pres.
This document provides an overview of various computer networking concepts and components. It begins with definitions of networking basics like communications and telecommunications. It then describes the essential parts of a basic network including a message, transmitter, medium, receiver and destination. The document outlines different network topologies like bus, ring, star, star-bus and mesh. It also discusses network types like peer-to-peer and client-server networks. The document provides details on common networking media and components including coaxial cable, twisted pair cables, optical fibers, wireless transmission, hubs, gateways, routers, bridges and switches. It concludes with a brief introduction to the IEEE 802 family of standards related to local and metropolitan area networks.
The document discusses various network components including category 5 cable, coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, wireless routers, network switches, and network interface cards (NICs). It describes the functionality and use of each component. It also provides details on installing an NIC, including selecting and configuring the card, setting relevant parameters and protocols, and selecting drivers. Factors that can affect NIC performance are also outlined.
The document discusses various Internet of Things (IoT) communication technologies and protocols. It describes IEEE 802.15.4, which defines the physical and media access control layers for low-rate wireless personal area networks. It also covers ZigBee, which is built on top of IEEE 802.15.4 and adds network and security layers to enable mesh networking. Finally, it discusses 6LoWPAN, which allows IPv6 packets to be transmitted over IEEE 802.15.4 networks and interfaces them with the Internet using header compression and addressing translation techniques.
Networking allows two or more computers to connect and share resources like information. There are different types of networks including wired, wireless, LAN, WAN, peer-to-peer, and client-server networks. Various transmission media are used for networking like twisted-pair cables, coaxial cables, and fiber-optic cables. Protocols and technologies such as VoIP, SIP, WiMAX, 4G, VNC, and cloud computing further enable communication and data sharing over networks.
This document discusses different types of transmission media used for data networking. It covers analog and digital transmission, as well as various networking cables including twisted pair, coaxial, fiber optic, and their characteristics. Twisted pair cable comes in shielded (STP) and unshielded (UTP) varieties, with common categories being CAT5e, CAT6, and CAT7. Coaxial cable uses RG specifications and exists in thick and thin varieties. Fiber optic cable has single-mode fiber (SMF) and multimode fiber (MMF), providing high bandwidths and noise immunity but at a higher cost.
The document discusses legacy connectivity and protocols. It describes legacy integration as integrating J2EE components with legacy systems. The key approaches to legacy integration are data level integration, application interface integration, method level integration, and user interface level integration. Legacy connectivity can be achieved using Java Native Interface (JNI), J2EE Connector Architecture, and web services. JNI allows Java code to call native methods written in other languages like C/C++. The J2EE Connector Architecture standardizes connectivity through resource adapters. Web services provide a platform-independent approach through XML protocols.
The document discusses messaging and internationalization. It covers messaging using Java Message Service (JMS), including the need for messaging, messaging architecture, types of messaging, messaging models, messaging servers, components of a JMS application, developing effective messaging solutions, and implementing JMS. It also discusses internationalizing J2EE applications.
The document discusses Java 2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE) application security. It covers security threat assessment, the Java 2 security model, and Java security APIs. The Java 2 security model provides access controls and allows downloading and running applications securely. It uses techniques like cryptography, digital signatures, and SSL. The Java Cryptography Extensions API provides methods for encrypting data, generating keys, and authentication.
The document discusses various security tools in Java including keytool, jarsigner, and policytool. Keytool is used to manage keystores containing private keys and certificates. It can generate key pairs, import/export certificates, and list keystore contents. Jarsigner signs JAR files using certificates from a keystore. Policytool creates and edits security policy files specifying user permissions. The document provides details on using each tool's commands and options.
This document discusses EJB technology and provides summaries of key concepts:
1. It defines the EJB container model and describes features like security, distributed access, and lifecycle management.
2. It compares the lifecycles of stateless session beans, stateful session beans, entity beans, and message-driven beans.
3. It contrasts stateful and stateless session beans and discusses differences in client state, pooling, lifecycles, and more. It also compares session beans and entity beans in terms of representing processes versus data.
This document discusses behavioral design patterns and J2EE design patterns. It provides descriptions and class diagrams for several behavioral patterns, including Iterator, Mediator, Memento, Observer, State, Strategy, Template Method, and Visitor. It also defines what a J2EE design pattern is and notes that J2EE patterns are categorized into the presentation, business, and integration tiers of an enterprise application.
This document provides an overview of EJB in J2EE architecture and EJB design patterns. It discusses the key characteristics of using EJB in J2EE architecture, including supporting multiple clients, improving reliability and productivity, supporting large scale deployment, developing transactional applications, and implementing security. It also outlines several EJB design patterns, such as client-side interaction patterns, EJB layer architectural patterns, inter-tier data transfer patterns, and transaction/persistence patterns.
This document discusses design patterns and provides examples of structural and behavioral design patterns. It describes the adapter, bridge, composite, decorator, facade, flyweight, proxy, chain of responsibility, and command patterns. Structural patterns are concerned with relationships and responsibilities between objects, while behavioral patterns focus on communication between objects. Examples of UML diagrams are provided to illustrate how each pattern can be modeled.
The document discusses UML diagrams that can be used to model J2EE applications, including use case diagrams, class diagrams, package diagrams, sequence diagrams, collaboration diagrams, state diagrams, activity diagrams, component diagrams, and deployment diagrams. It provides examples of each diagram type using a case study of an online bookstore system. The use case diagram shows use cases and actors, the class diagram shows classes and relationships, and other diagrams demonstrate how specific interactions, workflows, and system configurations can be modeled through different UML diagrams.
This document discusses design patterns and selecting appropriate patterns based on business requirements. It provides an overview of design patterns available in TheServerSide.com pattern catalog, which are organized into categories like EJB layer architectural patterns, inter-tier data transfer patterns, transaction and persistence patterns, and client-side EJB interaction patterns. Examples of patterns in each category are described. Best practices for developing class diagrams and using proven design patterns are also mentioned.
This document provides an overview of J2EE architecture. It defines architecture as the study of designing J2EE applications and discusses architectural concepts like attributes, models, and terminology. It describes the role of an architect and phases of architectural design. The document outlines the various components of J2EE like clients, web components, business components and containers. It also discusses key aspects of J2EE architecture like application areas, issues, technologies and available application servers.
The document discusses various topics related to collaboration and distributed systems including network communication in distributed environments, application integration using XML, and legacy integration technologies. Specifically, it covers factors that affect network performance like bandwidth and latency. It also describes using XML for data mapping between applications and data stores. Finally, it discusses different legacy integration methods like screen scraping, object mapping tools, and using off-board servers.
The document discusses JavaBean properties, property editors, and the classes used to implement them in Java. It describes the PropertyEditorSupport class and its methods for creating customized property editors. The PropertyDescriptor class and BeanInfo interface provide information about JavaBean properties, events, and methods. The document also provides tips on using sample JavaBeans from BDK1.1 in Java 2 SDK and creating a manifest file for multiple JavaBeans. Common questions about JavaBeans are answered.
The document discusses JavaBean properties and custom events. It defines different types of JavaBean properties like simple, boolean, indexed, bound, and constrained properties. It also explains how to create custom events by defining an event class, event listener interface, and event handler. The event handler notifies listeners when an event occurs. Finally, it demonstrates creating a login JavaBean that uses a custom event to validate that a username and password are not the same.
The document introduces JavaBeans, which are reusable software components created using Java. It discusses JavaBean concepts like properties, methods, and events. It also describes the Beans Development Kit (BDK) environment for creating, configuring, and testing JavaBeans. BDK includes components like the ToolBox, BeanBox, Properties window, and Method Tracer window. The document provides demonstrations of creating a sample JavaBean applet and user-defined JavaBean using BDK. It also covers topics like creating manifest and JAR files for packaging JavaBeans.
The document provides information on working with joins, the JDBC API, and isolation levels in Java database applications. It discusses different types of joins like inner joins, cross joins, and outer joins. It describes the key interfaces in the JDBC API like Statement, PreparedStatement, ResultSet, Connection, and DatabaseMetaData. It also covers isolation levels and how they prevent issues with concurrently running transactions accessing a database.
The document discusses various advanced features of JDBC including using prepared statements, managing transactions, performing batch updates, and calling stored procedures. Prepared statements improve performance by compiling SQL statements only once. Transactions allow grouping statements to execute atomically through commit and rollback. Batch updates reduce network calls by executing multiple statements as a single unit. Stored procedures are called using a CallableStatement object which can accept input parameters and return output parameters.
The document introduces JDBC and its key concepts. It discusses the JDBC architecture with two layers - the application layer and driver layer. It describes the four types of JDBC drivers and how they work. The document outlines the classes and interfaces that make up the JDBC API and the basic steps to create a JDBC application, including loading a driver, connecting to a database, executing statements, and handling exceptions. It provides examples of using JDBC to perform common database operations like querying, inserting, updating, and deleting data.
The document discusses classes and objects in Java, including defining classes with data members and methods, creating objects, using constructors, and the structure of a Java application. It also covers access specifiers, modifiers, compiling Java files, and provides a summary of key points about classes and objects in Java.
The document discusses casting and conversion in Java. It covers implicit and explicit type conversions, including widening, narrowing, and casting conversions. It also discusses overloading constructors in Java by defining multiple constructor methods with the same name but different parameters. The document provides examples of casting integer and double values to byte type, as well as overloading the Cuboid constructor to calculate volumes for rectangles and squares.
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdfssuserfac0301
Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption.
6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdfChart Kalyan
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
Digital Marketing Trends in 2024 | Guide for Staying AheadWask
https://www.wask.co/ebooks/digital-marketing-trends-in-2024
Feeling lost in the digital marketing whirlwind of 2024? Technology is changing, consumer habits are evolving, and staying ahead of the curve feels like a never-ending pursuit. This e-book is your compass. Dive into actionable insights to handle the complexities of modern marketing. From hyper-personalization to the power of user-generated content, learn how to build long-term relationships with your audience and unlock the secrets to success in the ever-shifting digital landscape.
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
Project Management Semester Long Project - Acuityjpupo2018
Acuity is an innovative learning app designed to transform the way you engage with knowledge. Powered by AI technology, Acuity takes complex topics and distills them into concise, interactive summaries that are easy to read & understand. Whether you're exploring the depths of quantum mechanics or seeking insight into historical events, Acuity provides the key information you need without the burden of lengthy texts.
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
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GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024
Comp tia n+_session_03
1. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network Media and Hardware
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended Installation
Objectives
In this session, you will learn to:
Identify the major types of bounded network media.
List the major types of unbounded network media.
Identify methods for noise control.
Identify the primary types of network connectivity devices.
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 1 of 42
2. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network Media and Hardware
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended Installation
Bounded Network Media
The data is carried across the network by the network
media.
Unbounded
The network media is of two types: media
Bounded
Unbounded
Bounded
media
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 2 of 42
3. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network Media and Hardware
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended Installation
Bounded Network Media (Contd.)
The bounded network media uses a physical conductor and
are of following types:
Copper Media
Twisted Pair Cable
Fiber Optic Cable
IEEE 1394
Plenum and PVC Cables
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 3 of 42
4. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network Media and Hardware
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended Installation
Copper Media
• Copper cable is a type of bounded media that uses one or
more copper conductors surrounded by a non-conductive
insulated coating.
• Example of copper cable is a Coaxial Cable.
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 4 of 42
5. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network Media and Hardware
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended Installation
Coaxial Cable and Connector Types
• Coaxial cable, or coax, is a type of copper cable that
features a central conductor surrounded by braided or foil
shielding.
• Types of coaxial cables are:
• RG58/U Non-
conductive
insulated
• RG58A/U Braided shielding coating
• RG8
• RG9 Single copper
conductor
• RG62
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 5 of 42
6. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network Media and Hardware
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended Installation
Twisted Pair Cable
• Twisted pair is a type of cable in which multiple insulated
conductors are twisted around each other and clad in a
protective and insulating outer jacket.
• Types of twisted pair cable are:
Unshielded twisted pair (UTP)
Shielded twisted pair (STP)
Pair has base
color scheme
Conductors are striped
Primary and secondary wire
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 6 of 42
7. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network Media and Hardware
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended Installation
UTP Vs. STP Cable
• Types of twisted pair cable are:
Unshielded twisted pair (UTP)
Shielded twisted pair (STP)
Cable Type Description
Does not include shielding around its conductors. Typically
contains four pairs of stranded or solid conductors. Inexpensive
UTP
and reliable. Supports distances of up to 100 meters (328 feet).
Supports data transfer rates up to 1 Gbps.
Includes shielding, typically a foil wrapper, around its
conductors to improve the cable's resistance to interference and
noise. Typically contains four pairs of stranded or solid
STP
conductors. Supports distances up to 100 meters (328 feet).
More expensive than UTP. Most commonly used in Token Ring
networking.
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 7 of 42
8. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network Media and Hardware
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended Installation
Twisted Pair Cable Categories
Twisted pair cable comes in different grades, called
categories, which support different network speeds and
technologies such as:
Maximum
Category Network Type
Speed
Voice grade; not suitable for
1 n/a
networking
Digital telephone and low speed
2 4 Mbps
networks
3 Ethernet 10 Mbps
4 IBM Token Ring 16 Mbps
5 Fast Ethernet 100 Mbps
5e Gigabit Ethernet 350 Mbps
6 Gigabit Ethernet 1 Gbps
7 Gigabit Ethernet 1 Gbps+
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 8 of 42
9. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network Media and Hardware
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended Installation
Twisted Pair Connectors
• Types of twisted pair connectors are:
RJ11 connector
RJ45 connector
1 W/Green P3
2 Green
3 W/Orange
4 Blue P1 P2
5 W/Blue
6 Orange
7 W/Brown P4
8 Brown
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 9 of 42
10. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network Media and Hardware
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended Installation
Fiber Optic Cable
• Fiber optic cable is a type of network cable in which the
core is one or more glass or plastic strands.
Outer jacket Silica cladding
Inner jacket
Glass or plastic core
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 10 of 42
11. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network Media and Hardware
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended Installation
Fiber Optic Cable Mode Types
• Types of fiber optic cable mode are:
Single-mode fiber: Carries a single optical signal
Step index multimode fiber: Permits multiple optical signals
Graded index multimode fiber: Permits multiple optical signals
but is more expensive then step index multimode fiber
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 11 of 42
12. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network Media and Hardware
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended Installation
Fiber Connectors
• Types of fiber connectors are:
ST
SC
FC ST SC FC
FDDI
Mini-BNC
Biconic
LC FDDI Mini-BNC Biconic
SMA
MT-RJ
LC SMA MT-RJ
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 12 of 42
13. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network Media and Hardware
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended Installation
IEEE 1394
• IEEE 1394, better known as FireWire, can be used to
connect up to 63 devices to form a small local network.
• Connections to devices are made with either a six- or four-
pin connector.
Four-pin Six-pin
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 13 of 42
14. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network Media and Hardware
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended Installation
Plenum and PVC Cables
• Plenum cable is a network cable that is jacketed tightly
around the conductors so that fire cannot travel within the
cable.
• Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-jacketed cabling is inexpensive
and flexible.
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 14 of 42
15. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network Media and Hardware
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended Installation
Activity 4-2
Activity on Identifying
Bounded Network Media
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 15 of 42
16. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network Media and Hardware
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended Installation
Unbounded Network Media
• Unbounded media uses electromagnetic signals that are
transmitted through the air with radio, microwave, or infrared
radiation.
• The types of unbounded network media are:
Wireless Communication
Radio Networking
Infrared Transmission
Microwave Transmission
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 16 of 42
17. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network Media and Hardware
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended Installation
Wireless Communication
• Wireless communication is a type of communications in
which signals are transmitted as electromagnetic energy.
• Wireless connections can be:
Point-to-Point: Are used to link distant buildings or networks
Broadcast: Are used to enable communications within a
building or small geographical area
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 17 of 42
18. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network Media and Hardware
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended Installation
Radio Networking
• Radio networking is a form of wireless communications in
which signals are sent via radio frequency (RF) waves in
the 10 KHz and 1 GHz range.
• Radio networking is of following types:
Broadcast: Is a form of RF networking that is nondirectional
and uses a single frequency for transmissions
Spread Spectrum: Is a form of radio transmission in which the
signal is sent over more then one frequency
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 18 of 42
19. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network Media and Hardware
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended Installation
Infrared Transmission
• Infrared transmission is a form of wireless transmission
over unbounded media in which signals are sent via pulses
of infrared light.
Receiver
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 19 of 42
20. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network Media and Hardware
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended Installation
Microwave Transmission
• Microwave transmission is a form of wireless transmission
over unbounded media in which signals are sent via pulses
of electromagnetic energy in the microwave region of the
spectrum.
Sender transmits Receiver has
electromagnetic signals unobstructed view
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 20 of 42
21. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network Media and Hardware
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended Installation
Noise Control
• Noise is the unwanted interference that takes place during
the flow of data in a network.
• The various noise control techniques are:
Shielding
Differential Signaling
Noise Control with Twisted Pair
Termination
Grounding
Media Installation Techniques
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 21 of 42
22. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network Media and Hardware
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended Installation
Electrical Noise
• Electrical noise is unwanted signals that are introduced
into network media.
The various sources of electrical noise are:
Ambient noise
Power wires
Electric motors
Electrically-based heat-generating devices
Fluorescent, neon, and high-intensity discharge (HID) lights
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 22 of 42
23. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network Media and Hardware
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended Installation
Shielding
• Shielding is any grounded conductive material placed
around the data media to block the introduction of noise into
the media.
Noise
Drain
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 23 of 42
24. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network Media and Hardware
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended Installation
Differential Signaling
• Differential signaling is a noise reduction technique in
which the signals from two inputs are compared; signals
that are identical on the two inputs are ignored, while those
that are different on the inputs are accepted.
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 24 of 42
25. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network Media and Hardware
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended Installation
Noise Control with Twisted Pair
The twists in the twisted pair cable determine how resistant
to noise the cable will be.
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 25 of 42
26. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network Media and Hardware
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended Installation
Termination
• Termination is the application of a resistor or other device to
the end of a cable.
• Adding a terminator ensures that the end of the cable
doesn’t represent an abrupt change in impedance, which
would be a source of signal reflections and noise.
Prevents signal
reflection
Terminator Terminator
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 26 of 42
27. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network Media and Hardware
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended Installation
Grounding
• Grounding is the connection of a shield or conductor to an
electrical ground point, such as a pipe or wire that is in
contact with the earth.
Pipe connects to earth Ground point Conductor
• Networking and other sensitive electronic equipment should
be grounded to dedicated points rather than to pipes and
conduits.
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 27 of 42
28. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network Media and Hardware
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended Installation
Media Installation Techniques
The following guidelines should be followed, to limit noise
on data cables caused by media installation techniques:
Separate data and electric cables
Keep network cables at least 20 inches from fluorescent lights
Ensure all electrical equipments and electrical circuits are
grounded
Follow standards, specifications, and manufacturer’s directions
while installing network cables
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 28 of 42
29. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network Media and Hardware
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended Installation
Network Connectivity Devices
Network connectivity devices connect clients to the network
and assist in moving data around a network in the most
efficient manner.
The various network connectivity devices are:
• Network Interface Cards (NICs)
• Transceivers
• Premise Wiring
• Repeaters
• Hubs
• Switches
• Bridges
• Routers
• Wireless Access Points
• Gateways
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 29 of 42
30. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network Media and Hardware
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended Installation
Network Interface Cards (NICs)
• A network interface card (NIC) is a device that serves as
an intermediary between the computer’s data bus and the
network.
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 30 of 42
31. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network Media and Hardware
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended Installation
Transceivers
• A transceiver is a device that both sends and receives
data.
• In networking, transceivers are used to connect a
computer’s NIC to the network media.
Transceiver chip
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 31 of 42
32. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network Media and Hardware
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended Installation
Premise Wiring
• Premise wiring is the cables, connectors, and connection
points that make a network functional.
• The various premise wiring components are:
• Drop cable
Rack in a wiring closet
• Patch panel
• Patch cable
• Cross connects Patch cables
• Wiring closet
Patch panels
Drop cable
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 32 of 42
33. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network Media and Hardware
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended Installation
Repeaters
• A repeater is a device that regenerates a signal to improve
transmission distance.
Repeater
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 33 of 42
34. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network Media and Hardware
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended Installation
Hubs
• A hub is a networking device used to connect the drops in a
physical star topology network into a logical bus topology.
• Types of hubs are:
Active hub
Passive hub
Hub
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 34 of 42
35. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network Media and Hardware
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended Installation
Switches
• A switch is a networking device used to connect the drops
in a physical star topology network into a logical bus
topology.
• Switches forward packets to the correct port based on MAC
addresses.
Connects pairs of ports
• Types of switches are:
Cut-through
Fragment-free
Store-and-forward Switch
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 35 of 42
36. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network Media and Hardware
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended Installation
Bridges
• A bridge is a network device that divides a logical bus
network into subnets.
• Bridges examine the MAC address of each packet.
• Types of bridges are:
Manual bridges
Learning bridges
Bridge
Divides network
based on MAC
addresses
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 36 of 42
37. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network Media and Hardware
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended Installation
Routers
• A router is a networking device that connects multiple
networks that use the same protocol.
Router
Divides network
based on
network
addresses
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 37 of 42
38. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network Media and Hardware
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended Installation
Wireless Access Points
• A wireless access point is a device that provides
connection between wireless devices and can connect to
wired networks.
WAP
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 38 of 42
39. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network Media and Hardware
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended Installation
Gateways
• A gateway is a device, software, or a system that converts
data between incompatible systems.
LAN media WAN media
Gateway
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 39 of 42
40. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network Media and Hardware
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended Installation
Summary
In this session, you learned that:
The various media types:
• Copper Media
• Coaxial cable
• Twisted Pair Cable
• Fiber Optic Cable
• IEEE 1394
• Plenum and PVC Cables
The types of unbounded network media:
Wireless Communication
Radio Networking
Infrared Transmission
Microwave Transmission
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 40 of 42
41. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network Media and Hardware
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended Installation
Summary (Contd.)
The various noise control techniques are:
• Electrical Noise
• Shielding
• Differential Signaling
• Noise Control with Twisted Pair
• Termination
• Grounding
• Media Installation Techniques
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 41 of 42
42. CompTIA N+ Certification: Network Media and Hardware
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended Installation
Summary (Contd.)
The various network connectivity devices are:
• Network Interface Cards (NICs)
• Transceivers
• Premise Wiring
• Repeaters
• Hubs
• Switches
• Bridges
• Routers
• Wireless Access Points
• Gateways
Ver. 1.0 Session 3 Slide 42 of 42
Editor's Notes
You need to tell about: Types of coaxial cable Impedance, Termination, ThinNet, ThickNet
You need to tell about the color schemes as given in page no 88 of the CG.
You need to tell about the color schemes as given in page no 88 of the CG.
You need to tell about the color schemes as given in page no 88 of the CG.
You need to tell about DNS, NetBIOS and WINS as given the page no 66 of CG
You need to tell about DNS, NetBIOS and WINS as given the page no 66 of CG
You need to tell about DNS, NetBIOS and WINS as given the page no 66 of CG
1.You need to tell about how the packet is transmitted ad given in th page no 68 of CG. 2. You need to tell about the Ethernet Header and Ethernet footer contents of the packet as given in the page nos 69- 70 of CG
You need to tell about the use of Plenum cable and PVC cable as given in page 95 of CG
You need to tell Wireless communication permits connections between areas where it would be difficult or impossible to install wires, such as in hazardous areas, across long distances, or inside historic buildings.
You need to discuss about Broadcast and Spread Spectrum as given in the page no 100 of CG. You need to also discuss about the disadvantages of radio networking.
You need to give examples such as telephone systems.
You need to give example of dial-up modem connections.
You need to tell about connection service types compared to everyday communication methods ad given in page no 74 and 75 of CG
You need to tell : How noise affects device power as given in the page no 104 of CG
You need to explain about twists and connectors as given in page no 106 of CG
You need to tell about Matching impedance as given in page no 107 of CG
You need to explain the example of buffering emphasizing flooding as given in page no 79 of CG.
You need to explain the example of buffering emphasizing flooding as given in page no 79 of CG.
You need to tell : NICs can be built into the motherboard of the computer, connected through a USB, PC Card, or FireWire port, or can be an internal adapter card that is installed into one of the computer’s expansion slots a NIC is also called a network adapter or network card.
You need to tell : NICs can be built into the motherboard of the computer, connected through a USB, PC Card, or FireWire port, or can be an internal adapter card that is installed into one of the computer’s expansion slots a NIC is also called a network adapter or network card.
You need to tell : NICs can be built into the motherboard of the computer, connected through a USB, PC Card, or FireWire port, or can be an internal adapter card that is installed into one of the computer’s expansion slots a NIC is also called a network adapter or network card.
You need to tell the 5-4-3 rule
You need to tell about the types of switches as given in the page no 114 of CG.
You need to tell about: The types of bridges as given in the page no 115 of CG. Spanning Tree Algorithm
You need to tell about: The types of bridges as given in the page no 115 of CG. Spanning Tree Algorithm