The document discusses different types of transmission media, including guided (wired) media like twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, and fiber optic cable, as well as unguided (wireless) media like Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, satellite microwave, and infrared. It provides details on each type of media such as its components, uses, advantages, limitations, and data transmission capabilities.
A presentation on wired and wireless technologies, it was little hard for me to find out what was necessary for my from slideshare to get , so i made one my own
A presentation on wired and wireless technologies, it was little hard for me to find out what was necessary for my from slideshare to get , so i made one my own
Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) is a generic term owned by "WiFi Alliance" which refers to any Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) based on IEEE 802.11 standard.
This presentation is prepared as reference of "E-Commerce Infrastructure" for BBA 6th Semester Students of Prime College. Document includes general introduction of WiFi Technology, WiFi Specification, advantages of WiFi and so on. Resources from various portals and slides from other authors has been used as reference.
This Presentation covers:
Basics of data communications
Network Elements
Introduction to Protocols
Bridges, Routers, HUB, switch, gateway
Packet Switching Concepts
Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) is a generic term owned by "WiFi Alliance" which refers to any Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) based on IEEE 802.11 standard.
This presentation is prepared as reference of "E-Commerce Infrastructure" for BBA 6th Semester Students of Prime College. Document includes general introduction of WiFi Technology, WiFi Specification, advantages of WiFi and so on. Resources from various portals and slides from other authors has been used as reference.
This Presentation covers:
Basics of data communications
Network Elements
Introduction to Protocols
Bridges, Routers, HUB, switch, gateway
Packet Switching Concepts
Computer Network Notes (Handwritten) UNIT 2NANDINI SHARMA
Data link layer: flow control, error control, line discipline, stop and wait, sliding window protocol, stop and wait arq, sliding window arq, BSC, HDLC, bit stuffing, elemenary data link protocol etc
Computer Network notes (handwritten) UNIT 1NANDINI SHARMA
Introduction of computer network, layered architecture, topology, guided and unguided media, signals, multiplexing, OSI vs TCP/IP , IP address, TCP , UDP, DHCP, DNS, HTTP, etc.
Transmission Media, Guided and unguided transmission mediaadnanqayum
Transmission Media and its types, Guided and unguided transmission media with examples (guided = (i) Twisted pair cable (ii) Coaxial cable (iii) Fiber optical cable, unguided = (i) Radio wave (ii) Microwave (iii) Infra-red wave)
What is Network Cabling?
Cable is the medium through which information usually moves from one network device to another.
There are several types of cable which are commonly used with LANs. In some cases, a network will utilize only one type of cable, other networks will use a variety of cable types. The type of cable chosen for a network is related to the network's topology, protocol, and size.
A quick overview of Data Networking that I gave to a technical group who wanted an introduction to data communications. I hope someone finds a use for it. Msg me if you want to the original pres.
this topic covered guided media including twisted pair cable, coaxial cable and fiber optic cable and their working process advantages and applications.
Describe the differences between the three major physical connection .pdfinfo309708
Describe the differences between the three major physical connection mediums: twisted-pair
cable, coaxial cable, and fiber-optic cable.
Solution
Below is the Difference Between Fiber Optic Cable, Twisted Pair and coaxial Cable :
Twisted Pair Cables
Twisted pair cable consists of a pair of insulated wires twisted together, which is adapted in the
field of telecommunication for a long time. With the cable twisting together, it helps to reduce
noise from outside sources and crosstalk on multi-pair cables. Twisted pair cable works well on
transferring balanced differential signals, the merits of which are extremely valuable in wide
bandwidth and high fidelity system. Basically, twisted pair cable can be divided into two types:
unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) and shielded twisted-pair (STP). The former serves as the most
commonly used one with merely two insulated wires twisted together. Any data communication
cables and normal telephone cables belong to this category. However, shielded twisted pair
distinguishes itself from UTP in that it consists of a foil jacket which helps to prevent crosstalk
and noise from outside source. It is typically used to eliminate inductive and capacitive coupling,
so it can be applied between equipment, racks and buildings. With the advancement of
technology, the twisted pair cables are now being phased out by more technically developed and
reliable media.
Coaxial Cables
Coaxial cable acts as a high-frequency transmission cable which contains a single solid-copper
core. A coaxial cable has over 80 times the transmission capability of the twisted-pair. It is
commonly used to deliver television signals and to connect computers in a network as well, so
people may get more familiar with this kind of cable. Coaxial cable has always been the
mainstay of high speed communication and has also been applied to network with 10 gigabit
links data centers, because it is proved to be cost efficient for short links within 10 m and for
residential network. Besides, it features anti-jamming capability, stable transmission of data and
money saving. Coaxial cable is widely employed in feedlines connecting radio transmitters and
receivers, computer network connection, digital audio and television signals distribution.
Moreover, coaxial cable can effectively protect signals from being interfered by external
electromagnetic influence.
Fiber Optic Cables
Computing and data communications are fast-moving technologies. There comes a new
generation of transmission media—fiber optic cable. It refers to the complete assembly of fibers,
which contain one or more optical fibers that are used to transmit data. Each of the optical fiber
elements is individually coated by plastic layers and contained in a protective tube. Fiber optic
cable transmits data as pulses of light go through tiny tubes of glass, the transmission capacity of
which is 26,000 times higher than that of twisted-pair cable. When comparing with coaxial
cables, fiber optic cables ar.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3
Data Communication And Networking
1.
2. What is transmission Media ?
Types of Transmission Media
1) Guided Media :
What is guided Media & It’s types
A) Twisted Pair Cable
B) Coaxial Cable
C) Fiber optics Cable
3. 2) Unguided (Wireless) Media :
What is unguided Media ,
Reasons for Unguided Media ?
Types of Unguided Media
A) Bluetooth
B) Wi-Fi
C) Mobile Computing
D) Infrared
E) Microwave
4. TRANSMISSION MEDIA:
Enables computer to Send &Receive
messages but do not guarantee that the
message will be understood or not.
Guided ( Wired ) The medium itself is more
important in determining the limitations of
transmission. The transmission capacity, in
terms of either data rate or bandwidth,
depends critically on the distance and on
whether the medium is point-to-point or
multipoint.
Now we see one by one of them as follows:-
5. 1) Twisted
Pair Cable
A basic twisted pair cable consist of two strands of copper wire
twisted together, this twisting reduces sensitivity of cable.
The twisted pair cable are most significant because of it’s low
cost . It is inexpensive to install and offers the lowest cost per
foot of any cable.
The figure shows the twisted pair cable with insulating jackets
and conductors.
There are two types of twisted pair cable as follows :--
1) Shielded
2) Unshielded
6. Shielded
twisted
cable
Shielded twisted pair cable consist of one or more twisted pairs
of cables enclosed in a foil wrap & woven copper shielding. The
shield is connected to the ground portion of the electronic device
to which the cable is connected.
STP(Shielded twisted cable) is less costly ,than coaxial cable or
optical fiber cable.
STP cable has theoretical capacity of 500Mbps , although exceeds
155Mbps But, Most common data rate for STP is 16Mbps.
The shield in STP results in Good EMI characteristics.
7. 1) Requires amplifiers every 5 to 6Kms for analog
signals.
2) Limited in terms of data rate and distance.
3) Requires repeaters for every 2 to 3Kms for digital
signals.
4) Autonuation is strong function of frequency.
5) Twisting reduces low frequency interference.
6) susceptible to interference and noise.
8. Unshielded
twisted
cable
Unshielded twisted cable doesn’t incorporate a braided
shield into it’s structure.
Several twisted pairs can be bundled together in a single
cable. These pairs are typically differentiated by colour .
UTP cable is less costly as compare to any other although
category 5 type to be more costly.
UTP cable is easy to install & have attenuation characteristic
that limit the length of cable runs to a 100 Mtrs limit .
9. 2) Coaxial
Cable
It consist of center conductor usually consist of sold copper wire.
an outer conductor forms a tube surrounding the center conductor
this consist of Braided wires , metallic foils or both .
And insulation layer keeps the outer conductor spaced from the
inner conductor.
A plastic encasement (jacket) protects the cable from damage.
There are two types of coaxial cable as:
1) Thinnet
2) Thicknet
10. 1) Requires amplifiers every 5th kms. For long distance.
2) Useable spectrum for analog signalling upto 500Mhz.
3) Requires repeaters for every 5th kms for digital
signalling.
4) Most commonly used in T.V.
5) Can carrying more than 10,000 voice channel .
6) Short range connection between devices.
11. Bundle of
1) Optical Optical
fiber
fiber Cable
The centre conductor of fiber cable is the ideal cable for data
transmission. The centre conductor is consist of highly
refined glass or plastic designed.
A glass core supports a longer cabling distance, but a plastic
core is typically easier to work with.
A fiber is coated with a cladding that reflects signals back into
the fiber to reduce the signal loss .
A plastic sheath protects the fiber.
12. The cost of the fiber cable and connectors has significantly
fallen in recent years .
But fiber-optic cable is also the most expensive cable type.
Greater skill is required to install fiber –optic cable than to
install most copper cables.
Fiber-optic cable can support high data rates (as high as
200,000Mbps) even with long cable runs.
Normally fiber –optic cable can transmit 100Mbps signals
for several kms .
Attenuation is much lower in fiber than copper cables.
Fiber optic cable doesn’t use electric signals for data
transmission hence ,they are totally immune to EMI.
13. The extraordinary convenience of wireless
communication has placed an increased emphasis on
wireless networks in recent years.
Wireless networks are especially useful for Spaces
where cabling would be impossible or inconvenient
Eg:open lobbies. and people who move around a lot
within their work environment
Temporary installation & people who travel outside
of the work environment uses wireless networks.
These are classified into following types as :
15. Bluetooth is a low-cost, low power, short range wireless
communication technology used in. networking, mobile
phones and other portable device.
Bluetooth wireless technology also enables devices to
communicate with each other as soon as-they come within
range. no need to connect, plug into, install, enable or
configure anything.”
16. Wi-Fi or Wireless Fidelity refers to the technology
surrounding the radio transmission of internet protocol data
from an internet connection wirelessly to a host computer.
Most often the internet connection is a higher speed one such
as satellite, DSL or cable rather than slower dial-up
connections.
A Wi-Fi Network Works Basic concept is same as Walkie-
talkies. A Wi-Fi hotspot is created by installing an access
point to an internet connection. An access point acts as a base
station. When Wi-Fi enabled device encounters a hotspot the
device can then connect to that network wirelessly. A single
access point can support up to 30 users and can function
within a range of 100 – 150 feet indoors and up to 300 feet
outdoors.
17. Satellite Microwave: Satellite is relay station Receives on one
frequency, amplifies or repeats signal and transmits on
another frequency Eg. Uplink 5.925-6.425 ghz & downlink
3.7-4.2 ghz
Typically requires geo-stationary orbit Height of 35,784km
Spaced at least 3-4° apart
Typical uses Television Long distance telephone Private
business networks Global positioning
18. Infrared technology allows computing devices to
communicate via short-range wireless signals.
With infrared, computers can transfer files and other digital
data bidirectionally.
The infrared transmission technology used in computers is
similar to that used in consumer product remote control
units.
Modulate noncoherent infrared light End line of sight (or
reflection) Are blocked by walls No licenses required Typical
uses TV remote control IRD port