for medical purposes

1. Common
gynecological
procedures
BY
DR_AMMAR JABBAR.

2. COLPOSCOPY
Definition a special magnifying device with a light, called
a colposcope, is used to visually examine the cervix and
vagina.Female Reproductive Organs
Colposcopy is usually done when a:Pap test is abnormal
Human papillomavirus (HPV) test is positive for certain
subtypes (These subtypes place you at an increased risk for
developing cancer.)

3.  This procedure can be used to:
 Help diagnose cervical cancer or precancerous changes .Give more
information about abnormal cells found on a pap smear
 Find the location where a tissue biopsy should be done
 Monitor treatment of abnormalties of the cervix
 Allow a visual inspection of the cervix, vaginal walls, or vulva
Possible
Complications: are rare, but no procedure is completely free of risk. If
you are planning to have colposcopy, your doctor will review a list of
possible complications, which may include:
 Bleeding
 Infection
 Discomfort

4.  In the 24 hours leading up to the procedure, advise to
avoid:
 Douching(‫)الغسل‬
 Having sexual intercourse
 Using medicine or creams in your vagina

7. LApRoSCOPY
Laparoscopy is a type of surgery done through several small incisions in the
abdomen. Small tools and a laparoscope (tiny camera) are placed through the
incisions to allow the surgeon to see inside the belly and perform surgical tasks.
This type of surgery is very popular, as it usually shortens recovery time. It also
leaves only very small scars in most cases.
:Hernia repair
Biopsy of abdominal organs
Tubal ligation
Ectopic pregnancy surgery
Hysterectomy
Fibroid tumor removal
Splenectomy
Infertility investigation & Ovarian drilling
Lysis of adhesions in abdomen

8. Complications:
 Infection
 Bleeding
 Damage to blood vessels or organs
 Problems related to anesthesia
 The need for open surgery rather than laparoscopic surgery
Factors that may increase the risk of complications include:
 Smoking
 Obesity
 Heart or lung condition
 Previous abdominal surgery
 Diabetes

9.  Prior to Procedure depending on the reason for your surgery, do the
following:
 History&drugs:heparin,warfarin,plavix,aspirine
 Physical exam and review of medicines blood tests (eg, pregnancy test,
liver function, electrolyte status)
 Urinalysis to detect urinary tract infection and diabetes
 Ultrasound
 CT scan
 MRI scan
In the days leading up to your procedure:
 to take a laxative or use an enema.
 Arrange for a ride home.
 The night before, eat a light meal. do not eat or drink anything after
midnight.

12. ENDOMETRIAL BIOPSY

13. HYSTEROSCOPY
This procedure involves the use of a
hysteroscope to view the inside of a woman’s
uterus . A hysteroscope is a long, thin
telescope with a camera on the end. Other
tiny tools may also be inserted into the
uterus through the hysteroscope.

14. Hysteroscopy is done for:
 Diagnostic reasons—to examine the inner uterus to identify
problems or abnormalities; may be done if you have:
Repeated miscarriage
Infertility
An abnormal Pap test
Abnormal or postmenopausal uterine bleeding
 Therapeutic reasons—to correct anatomic problems and defects in
the uterus; may be done for:
Endometrial ablation —removal of uterine lining from the uterus
Myomectomy —removal of fibrous or muscular tissue (fibroids)
Removal of polyps (usually noncancerous)
Removal of intrauterine devices (IUDs)

16. IUI

17.  Parts of the Body Involved
 Partial or subtotal hysterectomy—Removal of the uterus (without
removing the cervix)
 Total, complete, or simple hysterectomy—Removal of the uterus and
cervix (the opening of the uterus leading to the vagina)
 Radical hysterectomy—Removal of the uterus, ovaries, fallopian
tubes, upper part of the vagina, and the pelvic lymph nodes
 Salpingo-oophorectomy—Removal of the ovaries and fallopian tubes
(may be combined with any of the above procedures)

18.  Cancer
 A hysterectomy is performed in almost all cases of uterine cancer that
have not spread (metastasized) beyond the uterus. Cancers affecting
the pelvic organs account for only about 10% of all hysterectomies and
include:
 Endometrial cancer
 Uterine sarcoma
 Cervical cancer
 Cancer of the ovaries
 Cancer of the fallopian tubes

19.  Other Reasons
 Heavy menstrual bleeding
 Uterine fibroids
 Endometriosis
 Uterine prolapse
Risk Factors for Complications During the Procedure
Obesity
 Smoking
 Iron-deficiency anemia
 Heart or lung disease
 Diabetes
 Previous pelvic surgery or serious infection
 Use of some prescription drugs

20.  Prior to Procedure do the following:
 Blood and urine tests
 X-ray of abdomen and kidneys
 Pelvic ultrasound
 Dilation and curettage (D&C)
 In the days leading up to the procedure:
Arrange for a ride to and from the procedure.
 Arrange for help at home after returning from the hospital.
 In order to clean out your intestinal track, take one or more
enemas.
 The night before, eat a light meal and do not eat or drink
anything after midnight.
 Antibiotics may be given to prevent infection.
 Your abdominal and/or pelvic areas will be shaved.