Grammar
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This document provides an overview of nouns and verbs in the English language. It defines nouns as people, places, things or ideas that can be touched. There are several types of nouns including common, plural, proper, abstract, and collective nouns. Verbs are defined as words that indicate actions, occurrences or states of being. There are different verb types such as action, being, irregular, modal, phrasal and auxiliary verbs. The document also discusses verb tenses including past, present and future tenses.
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Grammar
- 3. DefinitionTypesSuffixesPlacementPractice A noun is something you can touch. 1. Person 2. Place 3. Thing • Idea (abstract nouns)
- 4. DefinitionTypesSuffixesPlacementPractice Types: Noun There are several different types of nouns: 1. Common Nouns 2. Plural Nouns 3. Proper Nouns 4. Abstract Nouns 5. Collective Nouns 6. Other Types of Nouns: Countable, Non- Countable, Compound, Gerund, Gerund Phrase, and Infinitives
- 5. DefinitionTypesSuffixesPlacementPractice Common Nouns • general, not specific • not capitalized Person Place Thing girl classroom chair boy house roof man office computer woman theater popcorn waitress restaurant food gardener terrarium shovel
- 6. DefinitionTypesSuffixesPlacementPractice Plural Nouns • refer to more than one person, place, thing, or idea • usually the same word with an ‘s’, ‘es’, or ‘ies’ at the end irregular nouns change spelling when plural Singular Noun Plural Noun boy boys box boxes tree trees lady ladies party parties it them
- 7. DefinitionTypesSuffixesPlacementPractice Proper Nouns • refer to a specific person, place, thing or idea • opposite of common nouns • capitalized Person Place Thing Michelle Obama Washington, D.C. Starbucks Michael Jordan Chicago Disneyland Gloria Estefan Columbia Statue of Liberty Donald Trump Mississippi River Mac Martin Luther King, Jr. Jupiter Mrs. Fields Cookies
- 8. DefinitionTypesSuffixesPlacementPractice Abstract Nouns • the ideas, emotions, and other ‘things’ that you cannot see • opposite of concrete nouns. joy grace shame anger beauty trouble manners jealously confusion friendship sadness freedom childhood stupidity thought divorce fact fiction slavery peace love
- 9. DefinitionTypesSuffixesPlacementPractice Collective Nouns • a word that represents a group (of something) a class of students a range of mountains a cloud of dust a crowd of spectators a group of islands a catch of fish a patrol of policemen a party of friends a pack of thieves a staff of servants a bevy of ladies a body of men a company of soldiers a congregation of worshipers a team of players
- 10. DefinitionTypesSuffixesPlacementPractice Nouns: Suffixes Nouns can often be identified by these suffixes: • -er/ -or • -sion/ -tion • -ment • -ness • -ity • -ence/ -ance • -ship
- 11. DefinitionTypesSuffixesPlacementPractice Noun Placement: Subjects 1. If a noun comes at the BEGINNING of a sentence, it is called the subject. A. It answers the question who or what did (performed) the action. (verb) Emily was drinking the coffee. Who was drinking? Jose was holding the baby. Who was holding? Josh had a bottle. Who had? S S S S
- 12. DefinitionTypesSuffixesPlacementPractice Noun Placement: Objects 2. If a noun comes at the END of a sentence, it is called the object (O); it receives the action and follows the verb. A. It answers the question who or what Emily was drinking coffee. What was Emily drinking? Jose was holding the baby What was Jose holding? Josh had a bottle. What did Josh have? O O O O
- 13. DefinitionTypesSuffixesPlacementPractice Noun Placement: Subjects 1. If a noun comes at the BEGINNING of a sentence, it is called the subject. A. It answers the question who or what did (performed) the action. (verb) Emily was drinking the coffee. Who was drinking? Jose was holding the baby. Who was holding? Josh had a bottle. Who had? S S S S
- 15. Definition Definition: Verbs 1. A verb is a word that tells the action, occurrence, or state of being in a sentence. 2. A sentence MUST have a verb. 3. A verb tells when something is happening. 4. You can tell a word is a verb because it can change tenses. (time) past future present
- 16. Definition A verb can change times. past, present, future tenses past present future had has will have
- 17. Definition Definition: Verbs 1. Action Verbs • if you can make a motion with your body or • use a tool to complete an action 2. Mental Verbs o concepts in a cognitive state • discovering • understanding • thinking • planning 3. State of Being Verbs o conditions or situations that exist • linking verbs • inactive since no action is being performed • usually complemented by adjectives
- 18. Types Verbs There are several different types of verbs: 1. Being Verbs 2. Action Verbs 3. Irregular Verbs 4. Modals 5. Phrasal Verbs 6. Auxiliary Verbs 7. Other Types of Verbs: Transitive, Intransitive, Stative, and Passive Verbs
- 19. Types Being Verbs • describe conditions or situations that exist • inactive or no action • also known as linking verbs • all from the word ‘be’ Person Past Present Future I was am will be you were are will be he/she/it was is will be we were are will be they/them were are will be Being Verbs: am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been
- 20. Types Action Verbs • specific actions- someone doing something want use work call try ask need seem help play move live believe happen include continued change watch follow stop create open walk offer remember consider appear served die stay reach kill raise pass return explain hope develop carry receive agree support produce cover cause close increase represent reduce note enter share save protect occur accept determine prepare argue recognize Most Frequently Used Verbs
- 21. Types Action Verbs • specific actions- someone doing something indicate arrive answer compare act study remove sound form establish visit avoid imagine finish respond maintain contain apply discover treat affect worry mention improve sign exist notice travel prevent admit suffer publish count achieve announce touch attend define introduce Most Frequently Used Verbs
- 22. Types Irregular Verbs • words that completely change their spelling or word in different tenses Base Form Past Simple Participle awake awoke awaken beat beat beaten begin began begun bite bit bitten blow blew blown break broke broken bring brought brought build built built buy bought bought catch caught caught choose chose chosen Base Form Past Simple Participle come came come cost cost cost cut cut cut do did done deal dealt dealt dig dug dug dream dreamt dreamt draw drew drawn drink drank drunk drive drove driven eat ate eaten Most Frequently Used Irregular Verbs
- 23. Types Irregular Verbs • words that completely change their spelling or word in different tenses Base Form Past Simple Participle fall fell fallen feed fed fed feel felt felt fight fought fought find found found fly flew flown forget forgot forgotten forgive forgave forgiven freeze froze frozen get got gotten to went gone Base Form Past Simple Participle grow grew grown hang hung hung have had had hear heard heard hide hid hidden hit hit hit hold held held hurt hurt hurt keep kept kept know knew known lay laid laid Most Frequently Used Irregular Verbs
- 24. Types Irregular Verbs • words that completely change their spelling or word in different tenses Base Form Past Simple Participle lead led led leave left left lend lent lent let let let lie lay lain lose lost lost make made made mean meant meant meet met met pay paid paid put put put Base Form Past Simple Participle quit quit quit read read read ride rode ridden ring rang rung rise rose risen run ran run say said said see saw seen seek sought sought sell sold sold send sent sent Most Frequently Used Irregular Verbs
- 25. Types Irregular Verbs • words that completely change their spelling or word in different tenses Base Form Past Simple Participle sew sewed sewn shake shook shaken shine shone shone sing sang sung sink sank sunk sit sat sat sleep slept slept slide slid slid speak spoke spoken spend spent spent spread spread spread Base Form Past Simple Participle stand stood stood steal stole stolen stick stuck stuck swear swore sworn sweep swept swept swim swam swum take took take teach taught taught tell told told think thought thought write wrote written Most Frequently Used Irregular Verbs
- 26. Types Auxiliary Verbs • Auxiliary or Helping verbs are used with a main verb they show the verb’s tense, or form a negative or question • The most common auxiliary verbs are have, be, and do. HAVE 1. Sometimes ‘have’ can be the main verb of a sentence. • I have an idea. • My father has three brothers and two sisters. • The doctor had a lot of experience. • He has three Rolls Royces and a Bentley. • Where are the scissors? Do you have them? • The house has eight windows and three doors. • I’ve had three phone calls so far today.
- 27. Types Auxiliary Verbs HAVE 2. Sometimes ‘have’ can be an helping verb. • I have finished my lunch. • The president has chosen his new team • The children had gone home five minutes earlier than usual. • The president has not yet arrived. • Have you seen the light Mr. Jones? • Hasn’t the rain stopped yet?
- 28. Types Auxiliary Verbs HAVE 3. Sometimes ‘have’ can be an modal. • I have to be at school tomorrow at 8:00 a.m. for a test. • I have to see a doctor because I feel sick. • She had to move because she can’t stand the noise. • He had to open the store early on Black Friday. • She had to break the window because she forgot her key.
- 29. Types Modals • give extra information about the main verb • shows certainty, possibility, willingness, obligation, necessity, and/or ability • also called auxiliary verbs or helping verbs 100% will 90% must / have to 70% should / ought to 50% may / might / can / could 50% may not / might not 30% shouldn’t 10% can’t 0% wont Modals of Possibility never change forms
- 30. Types Modals Function Modal advice should ability can / could assumption must obligation must / need offer shall /should necessity need permission can / could / may possibility might request can / could / will suggestion can / could / should willingness can / could / may / might
- 31. Types Phrasal Verbs • a group of words that when used together as a verb has a different meaning. • is made up of a verb and a preposition, an adverb, or both Phrasal Verb Definition agree with to have the same opinion back down to give up a fight boot up to start a computer calm down to relax, become less angry get over to recover from an illness or emotional period pass out to lose conscience, to faint try on to put on clothes to see if they fit wipe off to clean
- 33. 4 Past Verb Tenses Tenses
- 34. 4 Present Verb Tenses Tenses
- 35. 4 Future Verb Tenses Tenses