The document discusses the origins and evolution of the concept of communicative competence. It began with Chomsky's distinction between competence and performance. Hymes later argued competence must account for social and cultural factors. He coined the term "communicative competence" to refer to knowledge needed for effective communication. Further researchers like Canale and Swain, and Bachman, expanded on the concept to include grammatical, sociolinguistic, discourse, and strategic competencies. Communicative competence is now understood as the combination of knowledge and abilities required to communicate appropriately in social contexts.

1. COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE DIDACTIC II DANILZA LORDUY A. 2011

2. ORIGINS The idea was originally derived from Chomsky’s distinction between competence and performace Competence shared knowledge of ideal speaker-listener set in a completely homogenous speech community. “ Underlying knowledge enables users to produce and understand”

3. ORIGINS Performance: process of applying underlying knowledge to actual language use. “ Should be given under ideal circunstances ( the ideal speaker-listener know and use language perfectly without making any mistakes)”

4. ORIGINS Hymes Chomsky’view too narrow to describe language behavior as a whole. Sociocultural factors or differential competence in a heterogeneous speech community??? Social life affects outward performance and inner competence itself. Social factors interfere with or restrict grammar use because the rules of use are dominant over the rules of grammar

5. ORIGINS Hymes concludes that a linguistic theory must be able to deal with a heterogeneous speech community, differential competence and the role of sociocultural features Performance he defines it as the actual use of language in a concrete situation , not an idealized speaker-listener situation in a completely homogeneous speech community

6. ORIGINS Hymes two kinds of competence: linguistic competence, and the communicative competence Linguistic competence that deals with producing and understanding grammatically correct sentences Communicative competence that deals with producing and understanding sentences that are appropriate and acceptable to a particular situation.

7. ORIGINS Hymes coins a term “communicative competence” and defines it as “a knowledge of the rules for understanding and producing both the referential and social meaning of language.”

8. ORIGINS Widdowson knowing a language is more than how to understand, speak, read,and write sentences, but how sentences are used to communicate. communicative abilities have to be developed at the same time as the linguistic skills; otherwise the mere acquisition of the linguistic skills may inhibit the development of communicative abilities. “ usage and use “

9. ORIGINS “ Usage” makes evident the extent to which the language user demonstrates his knowledge of linguistic rules “ Use” makes evident the extent to which the language user demonstrates his ability to use his knowledge of linguistic rules for effective communication.(Widdowson, 1978)

10. ORIGINS Teachers should provide linguistic and communicative contexts. Linguistic context focuses on usage to enable the students to select which form of sentence is contextually appropriate Communicative context focuses on use to enable the students to recognize the type of communicative function their sentences fulfill

11. ORIGINS (Canale & Swain, 1980) They strongly believe that the study of grammatical competence is as essential to the study of communicative competence as is the study of sociolinguistic competence. They propose their own theory of communicative competence that minimally includes three main competencies: grammatical, sociolinguistic and strategic competence.

12. ORIGINS Grammatical competence includes knowledge of lexical items and of rules of morphology,syntax,sentence―grammar semantics, and phonology. Sociolinguistic competence is made up of two sets of rules: sociolinguistic rules of use and rules of discourse. They believe that knowledge of these rules will be crucial in interpreting utterances for social meaning

13. ORIGINS Strategic competence is made up of verbal and non-verbal communication strategies that may be called into action to compensate for breakdowns in communication due to performance variables or to insufficient grammatical competence

14. BACHMAN’S VIEW The organizational competence is divided into grammatical competence and textual competence. Bachman’s grammatical competence is consonant with Canale and Swain’s grammatical competence. The textual competence, pertains to the knowledge of conventions for cohesion and coherenceand rehetorical organization. It also includes conventions for language use in conversations, involving starting, maintaining, and closing conversations. Bachman’s textual competence have both the part of Canale and Swain’s discourse competence and the part of their strategic competence.

15. BACHMAN’S VIEW Bachman’s pragmatic competence, mainly focuses on the relationship between what one says in his or her communicative acts and what functions he or she intends to perform through his or her utterances .

17. COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE THEN… Communicative competence is made up of four competence areas: linguistic, sociolinguistic, discourse, and strategic. Linguistic competence is knowing how to use the grammar, syntax, and vocabulary of a language. Linguistic competence asks: What words do I use? How do I put them into phrases and sentences?

18. COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE THEN… Sociolinguistic competence is knowing how to use and respond to language appropriately, given the setting, the topic, and the relationships among the people communicating. Sociolinguistic competence asks: Which words and phrases fit this setting and this topic? How can I express a specific attitude (courtesy, authority, friendliness, respect) when I need to? How do I know what attitude another person is expressing?

19. COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE THEN… Discourse competence is knowing how to interpret the larger context and how to construct longer stretches of language so that the parts make up a coherent whole. Discourse competence asks: How are words, phrases and sentences put together to create conversations, speeches, email messages, newspaper articles?

20. COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE THEN… Strategic competence is knowing how to recognize and repair communication breakdowns, how to work around gaps in one’s knowledge of the language, and how to learn more about the language and in the context. Strategic competence asks: How do I know when I’ve misunderstood or when someone has misunderstood me? What do I say then? How can I express my ideas if I don’t know the name of something or the right verb form to use?