Models of communication are conceptual models used to explain the human communication process. The basic concept of communication is the process of sending and receiving messages or transferring information from one (sender) to another (receiver). Sender (Information source) – Sender is the person who makes the message, chooses the channel and sends the message. Encoder (Transmitter) –Encoder is the sender who uses machine, which converts message into signals or binary data. It might also directly refer to the machine. Channel –Channel is the medium used to send message. Decoder (Receiver) – Decoder is the machine used to convert signals or binary data into message or the receiver who translates the message from signals. Receiver (Destination) –Receiver is the person who gets the message or the place where the message must reach. The receiver provides feedback according to the message.  Noise –Noise is the physical disturbances like environment, people, etc. which does not let the message get to the receiver as what is sent. Schramm's Model of Communication was postulated by Wilbur Schramm in 1954, where he suggested that communication is a two way process where both sender and receiver take turns to send and receive a message. This model was adapted from the theories of another theorist Osgood, so is also known as Osgood and Schramm Model of Communication or Encode-Decode Model of Communication. This is model is also known as Dual Approcah or Circular Communication

1. COMMUNICATION
SKILLS
PRESENTED BY:
MOHAMMAD IQBAL
TOPIC – MODELS OF COMMUNICATION

2. Content:
• MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
• DIFFERENT MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
• SHANNON-WEAVER MODEL
 Elements in Shannon-Weaver Model
 Explanation
 Example
 Advantages & Weakness of Shannon-Weaver Model
• SCHRAMM’S MODEL
 Components of Schramm's Model
 How Schramm's Model Works
 Example
 Advantages & Disadvantages
• CONCLUSION

3. WHAT IS MODELS OF COMMUNICATION?
Models of communication are conceptual models used to explain the human communication
process.
The basic concept of communication is the process of sending and receiving messages or
transferring information from one (sender) to another (receiver).

4. DIFFERENT MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

5. SHANNON-WEAVER MODEL
Shannon-Weaver model of
communication was created in 1948
when Claude Elwood Shannon wrote an
article "A Mathematical Theory of
Communication" in Bell System
Technical Journal with Warren Weaver.
Shannon was an American
mathematician whereas Weaver was a
scientist. The Mathematical theory later
came to be known as Shannon Weaver
model of communication or “MOTHER
OF ALL MODELS." This model is
more technological than other LINEAR
MODELS.
Claude Elwood Shannon Warren Weaver

6. NOISE
SOURCE
MESSAGE SIGNAL RECEIVED MESSAGE
ELEMENT IN SHANNON-WEAVER MODEL

7. EXPLANATION
Sender (Information source) – Sender is the person who makes the message, chooses the channel
and sends the message.
Encoder (Transmitter) –Encoder is the sender who uses machine, which converts message into
signals or binary data. It might also directly refer to the machine.
Channel –Channel is the medium used to send message.
Decoder (Receiver) – Decoder is the machine used to convert signals or binary data into message or
the receiver who translates the message from signals.
Receiver (Destination) –Receiver is the person who gets the message or the place where the
message must reach. The receiver provides feedback according to the message.
Noise –Noise is the physical disturbances like environment, people, etc. which does not let the
message get to the receiver as what is sent.

8. EXAMPLE
A businessman sends a message via phone text to his worker about a meeting.
Businessman: We have a meeting at the office ("at 8 am" goes missing due to phone network
disruption or noise)
Receiver
Mobile phone
Transmitter
Network Company
Destinaton
Worker
Sender
Businessman
Noise: Missing text
due to disruption
Channel
Mobile network

9. ADVANTAGES & WEAKSNESS
ADVANTAGE :
• Simplicity
• Generality
• Quantifiable.
WEAKNESS :
• Linearity
• Feedback
• Ambiguity
• Meaning

10. SCHRAMM’S INTERACTIVE MODEL
OF COMMUNICATION

11. • Schramm's Model of Communication was
postulated by Wilbur Schramm in 1954,
where he suggested that communication is a
two way process where both sender and
receiver take turns to send and receive a
message.
• This model was adapted from the theories of
another theorist Osgood, so is also known
as Osgood and Schramm Model of
Communication or Encode-
Decode Model of Communication.
• This is model is also known as Dual
Approcah or Circular Communication

12. Components of Schramm's Model
INTERFACE

13. HOW IT WORKS ?
• A person is talking to someone who does
not understand English. The person codes
the message and writes the message in
the form of language. The other person
won't be able to decode it as the person
cannot understand the language.
• The feedback is immediately passed to
the sender acknowledging that the
receiver hasn't interpreted the message as
required making feedback an important
component in the communication.

14. EXAMPLE
• Internet can be taken as the best way of
interactive communication.
• Human-computer interaction is also now
considered as interactive communication as the
model is circular where the senders interchange
every time.
• Social media, interactive marketing and user
generated contents, ATM machines, online
shopping, chat rooms, etc. are other examples of
interactive communication model

15. ADVANTAGES:
•Circular communication gives opportunity to both parties to give their opinion.
•As it is dynamic and ever changing model, it is helpful in general practice.
•Sender and receiver interchanges and both are equally active.
•Feedback makes it easier to know if the message is interpreted by the receiver as intended or not.
•Concept of interpretation makes the communication effective.
DISADVANTAGES :
•This model can not deal with multiple levels of communication and complex communication processes.
•There can only be two sources communicating, many sources complicates the process and the model can
not be implemented.
•Message sent and received might be interpreted differently than intended.

16. CONCLUSION
• It is best that both parties, the source (sender) and the
receiver, are clear about what they would like to discuss.
This is whole context of the message.
• This would make it much easier to decode what the other
party is saying without too much trouble. The process of
communication, if kept simple and to the point, should not
usually have too many issues, and the message will be easily
understood by both parties.