The document discusses various aspects of integrated marketing communications including the components of an organization's promotion mix, definitions of different promotional tools, and guidelines for an effective IMC strategy. Specifically, it defines advertising, sales promotion, public relations, personal selling, and direct marketing. It also outlines factors to consider when developing an IMC strategy such as identifying the target audience, setting objectives, designing messages, selecting appropriate channels, establishing budgets, and measuring results.
This document provides an introduction and overview of advertising. It begins by defining advertising and discussing its meaning, objectives, and importance. It then covers topics like setting advertising objectives, the role of advertising agencies, developing advertising campaigns, and media planning. Some key points include:
- Advertising aims to promote goods, services, or ideas through non-personal presentation to a sponsor-identified audience. Its objectives can be general like stimulating demand or increasing profits, or specific like preparing for a new product launch.
- Advertising is important for standardized, low-priced, and new products sold through independent retailers. It can have immediate and long-term impacts like direct sales or building brand recognition.
- Advertising
This document provides an introduction to advertising, including its history and definitions. It discusses advertising as a paid, non-personal form of promotion through mass media to identify a sponsor. The history outlines key developments from the 15th century to modern internet advertising in India. Advertising functions to differentiate products, communicate information, and increase brand loyalty and sales. It benefits customers by informing them and encouraging product improvements, while benefiting society through job creation and increased living standards.
The document discusses advertising agencies and their role. It defines an advertising agency as an organization of professionals that provides creative and business services to clients related to planning, preparing, and placing advertisements. Advertising agencies employ various professionals like account executives, media buyers, creative directors, and copywriters who help advertisers with activities such as planning, preparation, placement of ads, public relations, sales promotion, and more. Agencies house specialized talent and expertise across these areas that most advertisers cannot match with in-house teams alone.
This document discusses various aspects of public relations management and promotion techniques. It covers topics such as the definition of promotion, the promotion mix which includes advertising, personal selling, sales promotion and publicity. It also discusses objectives of advertising programs, different types of advertising such as product-related, public service, functional and trade advertising. The document provides details on informative, persuasive and reminder-oriented product advertising, and advertising based on the product life cycle and area of operation.
Social, Economical impact, Effect on consumer Demand,Effect on Consumer Choice,Effect on Business cycle,Deception in Advertising
The Subliminal Advertising,Effect on Value System,Effect of Proliferation of Advertising,Use of Stereotypes in Advertising,Offensiveness in Advertising,Effect on Perspective,Social Responsibility,Offensive Advertising
The promotional mix consists of five elements: advertising, personal selling, sales promotion, public relations, and direct marketing. These elements are blended together to communicate with customers and promote a business. Next PLC and M&S both use coordinated promotional mixes. Next promotes the same products and offers across different channels like magazines and their website. M&S coordinates time-limited offers in their stores, website, and other media to reach customers with consistent messages.
The document discusses audio advertising and provides two relevant links. It discusses how audio advertisements are used in existing advertising campaigns to target specific audiences. Regulatory bodies that govern advertising standards, such as the ASA, OFCOM, and BBFC, are also examined in regards to their roles and how they relate to advertising.
The document provides a status report on the study of advertising agency business in India. It includes a certificate from the researcher's supervisor certifying that the research is original work. It also includes a declaration by the researcher stating they completed the research and a acknowledgements section thanking those who provided assistance and support. The table of contents provides an overview of the 10 chapters that make up the thesis, covering topics like the concepts and applications of advertising, the role of advertising in business, the growth of advertising business in India, the structure and types of advertising agencies, and conclusions and recommendations from the study.
This document provides an introduction and overview of advertising. It begins by defining advertising and discussing its meaning, objectives, and importance. It then covers topics like setting advertising objectives, the role of advertising agencies, developing advertising campaigns, and media planning. Some key points include:
- Advertising aims to promote goods, services, or ideas through non-personal presentation to a sponsor-identified audience. Its objectives can be general like stimulating demand or increasing profits, or specific like preparing for a new product launch.
- Advertising is important for standardized, low-priced, and new products sold through independent retailers. It can have immediate and long-term impacts like direct sales or building brand recognition.
- Advertising
This document provides an introduction to advertising, including its history and definitions. It discusses advertising as a paid, non-personal form of promotion through mass media to identify a sponsor. The history outlines key developments from the 15th century to modern internet advertising in India. Advertising functions to differentiate products, communicate information, and increase brand loyalty and sales. It benefits customers by informing them and encouraging product improvements, while benefiting society through job creation and increased living standards.
The document discusses advertising agencies and their role. It defines an advertising agency as an organization of professionals that provides creative and business services to clients related to planning, preparing, and placing advertisements. Advertising agencies employ various professionals like account executives, media buyers, creative directors, and copywriters who help advertisers with activities such as planning, preparation, placement of ads, public relations, sales promotion, and more. Agencies house specialized talent and expertise across these areas that most advertisers cannot match with in-house teams alone.
This document discusses various aspects of public relations management and promotion techniques. It covers topics such as the definition of promotion, the promotion mix which includes advertising, personal selling, sales promotion and publicity. It also discusses objectives of advertising programs, different types of advertising such as product-related, public service, functional and trade advertising. The document provides details on informative, persuasive and reminder-oriented product advertising, and advertising based on the product life cycle and area of operation.
Social, Economical impact, Effect on consumer Demand,Effect on Consumer Choice,Effect on Business cycle,Deception in Advertising
The Subliminal Advertising,Effect on Value System,Effect of Proliferation of Advertising,Use of Stereotypes in Advertising,Offensiveness in Advertising,Effect on Perspective,Social Responsibility,Offensive Advertising
The promotional mix consists of five elements: advertising, personal selling, sales promotion, public relations, and direct marketing. These elements are blended together to communicate with customers and promote a business. Next PLC and M&S both use coordinated promotional mixes. Next promotes the same products and offers across different channels like magazines and their website. M&S coordinates time-limited offers in their stores, website, and other media to reach customers with consistent messages.
The document discusses audio advertising and provides two relevant links. It discusses how audio advertisements are used in existing advertising campaigns to target specific audiences. Regulatory bodies that govern advertising standards, such as the ASA, OFCOM, and BBFC, are also examined in regards to their roles and how they relate to advertising.
The document provides a status report on the study of advertising agency business in India. It includes a certificate from the researcher's supervisor certifying that the research is original work. It also includes a declaration by the researcher stating they completed the research and a acknowledgements section thanking those who provided assistance and support. The table of contents provides an overview of the 10 chapters that make up the thesis, covering topics like the concepts and applications of advertising, the role of advertising in business, the growth of advertising business in India, the structure and types of advertising agencies, and conclusions and recommendations from the study.
The document discusses the purpose and effective use of advertising for refractive eye surgery practices. It notes that advertising is just one component of marketing and that practices should focus first on developing strong internal marketing fundamentals. The document cautions against using advertising as a substitute for more targeted outreach methods. It also provides guidance on developing effective advertising, such as keeping messages concise to avoid overwhelming patients with too much information, using truthful claims backed by data instead of hype, and focusing on motivating patients to contact the practice rather than addressing their fears.
Advertising can have both positive and negative effects. Positively, it provides consumers with information to make purchase decisions, encourages competition which can lead to lower prices and better products, and supports economic growth. However, it can also manipulate consumers psychologically and promote materialism. Advertising may disproportionately impact vulnerable groups through stereotyping. The relationship between advertising, business, and society is complex with reasonable arguments on both sides.
Advertising is a paid, non-personal communication through mass media used to persuade consumers about a product, service or idea. It is usually sponsored communication that aims to influence consumers and make them aware of or favorably inclined toward something. There are many forms of advertising categorized by factors like geographical reach, target audience, media used, purpose and whether it is business-to-business, consumer products, public relations or political in nature.
The document contains an interview with a representative from an advertising agency called True Media. In the interview, the representative discusses the benefits of using an advertising agency compared to handling advertising in-house, including getting a fresh creative perspective and access to more data and research. They also discuss the services True Media provides, challenges like finding talent, how the agency is compensated and measures effectiveness, trends in the industry moving more to digital and mobile, and advice for students to learn digital skills.
The document discusses different types of advertising including online, print, guerrilla, broadcast, outdoor, product placement, mobile, and packaging advertising. It also covers common advertising strategies such as "before and after", "advice", "empathy", "testimonial", "demonstration", "competitive", and "negative to positive". Finally, it analyzes sample advertisements and discusses constraints in advertising related to law, money, and ethics.
The Advertising Standards Council of India (ASCI) is a self-regulatory organization for the advertising industry in India. ASCI establishes and enforces a code of self-regulation for advertising content. The code aims to ensure truthfulness and honesty in advertising claims, prevent offensive or indecent content, and promote fairness in competition. ASCI encourages consumers to file complaints about ads that violate the code and has a Consumer Complaints Council that reviews complaints and issues rulings to bring ads into compliance.
The document discusses advertising, including its definition, evolution, objectives, types, and characteristics. Some key points:
- Advertising is a form of paid, non-personal promotion used to influence buying behavior and promote products/services. It has evolved from early forms like signboards to modern mass media advertising enabled by printing technology.
- The main objectives of advertising are to inform potential customers, persuade them, and remind existing customers. Major types include product, institutional, and local/national advertising.
- Characteristics include it being a tool for promotion, non-personal communication, requiring payment, having wide applicability, and using various media channels. Advertising aims to achieve business goals like increased sales and brand
An Introduction to Social Marketing presented by Kelly Evans at Social Change...Social Change UK
The document provides an overview of social marketing, which involves applying commercial marketing concepts and techniques to achieve specific behavioral goals for social good. It discusses key principles like understanding the target audience, defining behavioral goals, and developing marketing mixes to address behaviors. The presentation also covers topics like segmentation, exchange theory, and using insights about audiences to design effective social marketing campaigns.
Advertising is defined as any paid form of non-personal promotion of ideas, goods, or services by an identified sponsor, according to the American Marketing Association. The document discusses key features of advertising such as non-personal promotion, promotion of ideas, goods, and services, and identification of sponsors. It also covers the nature and scope of advertising, including pioneering, retentive, and institutional advertising.
This document discusses advertising and media management. It covers the history of advertising from oral advertisements and rock paintings before the 18th century to various modern media like newspapers, TV, radio and the internet. The purpose and functions of advertising are described as well as its economic, social and ethical aspects. The relationship between advertising and the marketing mix is explored. Advertising is examined as a communication process and various types of advertising are defined based on geography, audience, media used, stage, purpose and function. Finally, the major institutions involved in advertising management are outlined.
Market promotion aims to increase awareness, create interest, and generate sales or brand loyalty through various communication methods. The key elements of a promotional mix are advertising, public relations, sales promotion, direct marketing, and personal selling. Advertising builds brand awareness but can be expensive and ineffective if overused. Sales promotion increases short-term sales through incentives but may lose impact over time. Personal selling allows greater influence than advertising but is also more expensive and labor-intensive. Pharmaceutical advertising is prohibited in Bangladesh by law to control drug claims and protect public health. Printed materials and detailing are effective ways to promote new drugs while emphasizing key product information for healthcare professionals.
The document discusses various topics related to advertising including:
- Advertising is a form of communication that reaches broad sectors of people to provide information and create awareness about products.
- Common advertising mediums include internet, television, newspapers, mobile phones, radio, and outdoor media like banners.
- Most people now use the internet for fast communication, though it has advantages and disadvantages depending on the sector.
- Television is also a fast way to communicate as most homes have one, and ads are short, simple and attractive.
An advertising agency is an independent business that helps clients promote their products and services. They handle tasks like creating advertising campaigns, developing branding strategies, and coordinating sales promotions. There are different types of agencies like limited-service, specialist, and in-house agencies. The agency works as a mediator between producers and consumers to connect them. It develops ads from the producer's perspective and promotes them once approved by the client. The relationship between agencies and their media clients is one of partnership and collaboration. Regular reviews are important to follow diligently across all aspects of the relationship. Advertising research uses various approaches and perspectives to improve advertising efficiency and understand how consumers interact with ads.
Color version. THE PowerPoint for Professor Litwin's Introduction to Advertising class at Rowan University. A complete look at the advertising profession with assistance from professionals, other practitioners and a number of outstanding books. For Professor Litwin's Introduction to Advertising classes at Rowan (N.J.) University. Visit: www.larrylitwin.com. It incorporates Wells, Moriarty book and the Litwin book (See Chapter 11).
This document provides an introduction to advertising and marketing communications. It defines advertising and discusses the different types of media used, including mass media, addressable media, interactive media, and nontraditional media. It also explains integrated marketing communications (IMC) and how it aims to ensure all promotional messages are carefully linked together. IMC seeks to integrate all aspects of the marketing mix, including advertising, sales promotion, public relations, direct marketing and more. The document outlines the need for IMC due to issues like media proliferation, increased competition, cynical consumers and the need to build stronger relationships through consistent messaging.
Advertising plays an important role in brand building and informing the public about available products. However, advertising also faces some social and ethical issues. Advertising has both positive and negative aspects. Positively, it increases sales and brand awareness. Negatively, some ads are deceptive, manipulative, or impact values. Ethical principles like truthfulness, human dignity, and social responsibility should govern advertising. Regulations aim to control false advertising and address health, children, or sensitive product advertising. Self-regulation through defined rules and enforcement is also used to adjudicate unethical ads. Following ethical norms helps gain customer trust and avoid criticism.
The document discusses different types of advertising categorized by target audience and purpose. There are two main categories: trade advertising, which targets businesses and aims to promote products to distributors and retailers; and consumer advertising, which targets end customers through various approaches like generic, product, brand, and retail advertising. The document provides examples to illustrate each advertising type.
This document discusses different types of advertising media, including audio, print, and TV. It provides links to examples of radio advertisements from 2017 and an article about the top 10 radio ads that year. The document then discusses how audio advertisements are used in existing advertising campaigns, the target audiences, and how products are typically represented. It analyzes specific audio and print advertisements, discussing elements like sounds, images, and messaging. Finally, it covers relevant regulatory bodies for advertising like the ASA, OFCOM, and BBFC and their roles in regulating content.
Business research report on effects of advertisement on the buying behavior o...Projects Kart
The document provides an introduction to a report on the effects of advertisement on the buying behavior of females. It begins with defining advertisement and its history. It discusses the different types, reasons, pros, and cons of advertisement. It then outlines the research process, including that the type of research is basic/pure research. It discusses preliminary data collection through unstructured interviews with the educational and advertising sectors to understand factors influencing female buying behavior and advertisement's role. The goal is to understand how advertising influences females and provide recommendations to marketers.
The document summarizes Accenture's knowledge management process. Accenture uses Microsoft SharePoint technology for its centralized knowledge management system. It replaced an earlier decentralized Lotus Notes system. The SharePoint system provides improved search capabilities, eliminates duplicate content, and increases visibility, usability, and archiving consistency. It also leads to better organization of knowledge and higher employee satisfaction through reduced training time. Strengths include tools like Knowledge Exchange and collaboration with Microsoft. Weaknesses include lack of ownership over past project knowledge and failure to capture knowledge as employees leave.
The document discusses the purpose and effective use of advertising for refractive eye surgery practices. It notes that advertising is just one component of marketing and that practices should focus first on developing strong internal marketing fundamentals. The document cautions against using advertising as a substitute for more targeted outreach methods. It also provides guidance on developing effective advertising, such as keeping messages concise to avoid overwhelming patients with too much information, using truthful claims backed by data instead of hype, and focusing on motivating patients to contact the practice rather than addressing their fears.
Advertising can have both positive and negative effects. Positively, it provides consumers with information to make purchase decisions, encourages competition which can lead to lower prices and better products, and supports economic growth. However, it can also manipulate consumers psychologically and promote materialism. Advertising may disproportionately impact vulnerable groups through stereotyping. The relationship between advertising, business, and society is complex with reasonable arguments on both sides.
Advertising is a paid, non-personal communication through mass media used to persuade consumers about a product, service or idea. It is usually sponsored communication that aims to influence consumers and make them aware of or favorably inclined toward something. There are many forms of advertising categorized by factors like geographical reach, target audience, media used, purpose and whether it is business-to-business, consumer products, public relations or political in nature.
The document contains an interview with a representative from an advertising agency called True Media. In the interview, the representative discusses the benefits of using an advertising agency compared to handling advertising in-house, including getting a fresh creative perspective and access to more data and research. They also discuss the services True Media provides, challenges like finding talent, how the agency is compensated and measures effectiveness, trends in the industry moving more to digital and mobile, and advice for students to learn digital skills.
The document discusses different types of advertising including online, print, guerrilla, broadcast, outdoor, product placement, mobile, and packaging advertising. It also covers common advertising strategies such as "before and after", "advice", "empathy", "testimonial", "demonstration", "competitive", and "negative to positive". Finally, it analyzes sample advertisements and discusses constraints in advertising related to law, money, and ethics.
The Advertising Standards Council of India (ASCI) is a self-regulatory organization for the advertising industry in India. ASCI establishes and enforces a code of self-regulation for advertising content. The code aims to ensure truthfulness and honesty in advertising claims, prevent offensive or indecent content, and promote fairness in competition. ASCI encourages consumers to file complaints about ads that violate the code and has a Consumer Complaints Council that reviews complaints and issues rulings to bring ads into compliance.
The document discusses advertising, including its definition, evolution, objectives, types, and characteristics. Some key points:
- Advertising is a form of paid, non-personal promotion used to influence buying behavior and promote products/services. It has evolved from early forms like signboards to modern mass media advertising enabled by printing technology.
- The main objectives of advertising are to inform potential customers, persuade them, and remind existing customers. Major types include product, institutional, and local/national advertising.
- Characteristics include it being a tool for promotion, non-personal communication, requiring payment, having wide applicability, and using various media channels. Advertising aims to achieve business goals like increased sales and brand
An Introduction to Social Marketing presented by Kelly Evans at Social Change...Social Change UK
The document provides an overview of social marketing, which involves applying commercial marketing concepts and techniques to achieve specific behavioral goals for social good. It discusses key principles like understanding the target audience, defining behavioral goals, and developing marketing mixes to address behaviors. The presentation also covers topics like segmentation, exchange theory, and using insights about audiences to design effective social marketing campaigns.
Advertising is defined as any paid form of non-personal promotion of ideas, goods, or services by an identified sponsor, according to the American Marketing Association. The document discusses key features of advertising such as non-personal promotion, promotion of ideas, goods, and services, and identification of sponsors. It also covers the nature and scope of advertising, including pioneering, retentive, and institutional advertising.
This document discusses advertising and media management. It covers the history of advertising from oral advertisements and rock paintings before the 18th century to various modern media like newspapers, TV, radio and the internet. The purpose and functions of advertising are described as well as its economic, social and ethical aspects. The relationship between advertising and the marketing mix is explored. Advertising is examined as a communication process and various types of advertising are defined based on geography, audience, media used, stage, purpose and function. Finally, the major institutions involved in advertising management are outlined.
Market promotion aims to increase awareness, create interest, and generate sales or brand loyalty through various communication methods. The key elements of a promotional mix are advertising, public relations, sales promotion, direct marketing, and personal selling. Advertising builds brand awareness but can be expensive and ineffective if overused. Sales promotion increases short-term sales through incentives but may lose impact over time. Personal selling allows greater influence than advertising but is also more expensive and labor-intensive. Pharmaceutical advertising is prohibited in Bangladesh by law to control drug claims and protect public health. Printed materials and detailing are effective ways to promote new drugs while emphasizing key product information for healthcare professionals.
The document discusses various topics related to advertising including:
- Advertising is a form of communication that reaches broad sectors of people to provide information and create awareness about products.
- Common advertising mediums include internet, television, newspapers, mobile phones, radio, and outdoor media like banners.
- Most people now use the internet for fast communication, though it has advantages and disadvantages depending on the sector.
- Television is also a fast way to communicate as most homes have one, and ads are short, simple and attractive.
An advertising agency is an independent business that helps clients promote their products and services. They handle tasks like creating advertising campaigns, developing branding strategies, and coordinating sales promotions. There are different types of agencies like limited-service, specialist, and in-house agencies. The agency works as a mediator between producers and consumers to connect them. It develops ads from the producer's perspective and promotes them once approved by the client. The relationship between agencies and their media clients is one of partnership and collaboration. Regular reviews are important to follow diligently across all aspects of the relationship. Advertising research uses various approaches and perspectives to improve advertising efficiency and understand how consumers interact with ads.
Color version. THE PowerPoint for Professor Litwin's Introduction to Advertising class at Rowan University. A complete look at the advertising profession with assistance from professionals, other practitioners and a number of outstanding books. For Professor Litwin's Introduction to Advertising classes at Rowan (N.J.) University. Visit: www.larrylitwin.com. It incorporates Wells, Moriarty book and the Litwin book (See Chapter 11).
This document provides an introduction to advertising and marketing communications. It defines advertising and discusses the different types of media used, including mass media, addressable media, interactive media, and nontraditional media. It also explains integrated marketing communications (IMC) and how it aims to ensure all promotional messages are carefully linked together. IMC seeks to integrate all aspects of the marketing mix, including advertising, sales promotion, public relations, direct marketing and more. The document outlines the need for IMC due to issues like media proliferation, increased competition, cynical consumers and the need to build stronger relationships through consistent messaging.
Advertising plays an important role in brand building and informing the public about available products. However, advertising also faces some social and ethical issues. Advertising has both positive and negative aspects. Positively, it increases sales and brand awareness. Negatively, some ads are deceptive, manipulative, or impact values. Ethical principles like truthfulness, human dignity, and social responsibility should govern advertising. Regulations aim to control false advertising and address health, children, or sensitive product advertising. Self-regulation through defined rules and enforcement is also used to adjudicate unethical ads. Following ethical norms helps gain customer trust and avoid criticism.
The document discusses different types of advertising categorized by target audience and purpose. There are two main categories: trade advertising, which targets businesses and aims to promote products to distributors and retailers; and consumer advertising, which targets end customers through various approaches like generic, product, brand, and retail advertising. The document provides examples to illustrate each advertising type.
This document discusses different types of advertising media, including audio, print, and TV. It provides links to examples of radio advertisements from 2017 and an article about the top 10 radio ads that year. The document then discusses how audio advertisements are used in existing advertising campaigns, the target audiences, and how products are typically represented. It analyzes specific audio and print advertisements, discussing elements like sounds, images, and messaging. Finally, it covers relevant regulatory bodies for advertising like the ASA, OFCOM, and BBFC and their roles in regulating content.
Business research report on effects of advertisement on the buying behavior o...Projects Kart
The document provides an introduction to a report on the effects of advertisement on the buying behavior of females. It begins with defining advertisement and its history. It discusses the different types, reasons, pros, and cons of advertisement. It then outlines the research process, including that the type of research is basic/pure research. It discusses preliminary data collection through unstructured interviews with the educational and advertising sectors to understand factors influencing female buying behavior and advertisement's role. The goal is to understand how advertising influences females and provide recommendations to marketers.
The document summarizes Accenture's knowledge management process. Accenture uses Microsoft SharePoint technology for its centralized knowledge management system. It replaced an earlier decentralized Lotus Notes system. The SharePoint system provides improved search capabilities, eliminates duplicate content, and increases visibility, usability, and archiving consistency. It also leads to better organization of knowledge and higher employee satisfaction through reduced training time. Strengths include tools like Knowledge Exchange and collaboration with Microsoft. Weaknesses include lack of ownership over past project knowledge and failure to capture knowledge as employees leave.
El documento presenta información sobre seguridad de la información. Aborda conceptos clave como vulnerabilidades, amenazas y las tres propiedades que debe garantizar la seguridad de la información: confiabilidad, integridad y disponibilidad. También analiza tendencias del mercado como los ataques más comunes y cómo han evolucionado las amenazas en los últimos años, pasando de ser individuales a múltiples y combinadas. Por último, resalta la necesidad de consolidar la seguridad y adaptarse a los cambios mediante un enfoque integral que proteja la
Presentation I gave at Universidad Latinoamericana (ULA) in Mexico City on April 2010 about Web 2.0 and Internet Marketing. Presentation is in Spanish.
Este documento propone que la semiótica, el estudio de los signos y la comunicación, puede convertirse en una disciplina que estudie todos los procesos de comunicación que conforman la cultura. Argumenta que toda cultura funciona como un sistema semiótico complejo de lenguajes, textos y mecanismos de expresión. La semiótica de la cultura puede identificar y analizar estos diferentes sistemas de signos para comprender mejor cómo funciona la comunicación en una sociedad y cultura.
Aulika is a professional automatic coffee machine for office use with the following key features:
- It has a high capacity and is designed for professional use.
- It allows for direct selection of 5 types of drinks with 8 selection keys and has a simple display.
- It has a "One Touch" function to prepare cappuccinos and lattes with a single touch.
Este documento presenta lecciones sobre varios kanji relacionados con la escritura, la lectura, el dibujo, el papel, las líneas, los campos y los orígenes. Cada kanji se define con su pronunciación on'yomi y sus significados, y viñetas ilustran su forma y uso. Pequeños poemas también acompañan a algunos kanji.
El documento describe los componentes fundamentales del hardware de una computadora. Explica que el hardware incluye todas las partes físicas como el procesador, la placa base, la memoria RAM, las unidades de almacenamiento y los periféricos de entrada y salida. Describe cada uno de estos componentes clave y sus funciones.
Panacea Salon and Spa offers massage, facial, body wrap, nail, and waxing services at affordable prices. The spa was opened in 2014 by owner Shelly Morris, an experienced esthetician, with the goal of creating a tranquil environment for clients to relax. Panacea has expanded over the last year, adding new services, rooms, and a sauna. Membership options provide discounted access to spa treatments.
O padrão MVVM é o padrão de desenvolvimento recomendado para aplicações Windows Phone. E para ajudar na implementação desde padrão existem vários toolkits que facilitam o processo de desenvolvimento.
Nesta sessão a Sara irá mostrar como usar o toolkit MVVM Light e o Cimbalino Windows Phone Toolkit, dois toolkits muito poderosos para a implementação do padrão MVVM. Para tal irá construir alguns exemplos durante a sessão como:
- obter a localização;
- lançar a aplicação da câmara que permitirá tirar fotografias;
- lançar a aplicação do telefone que permitirá efetuar chamadas;
- obter o identificador univoco do telefone;
- escrever texto e images no isolated storage.
El documento describe cómo distribuir un certificado de una autoridad de certificación raíz (CA) en un dominio mediante políticas de grupo. Explica que se crea una nueva política de grupo que aplica al dominio para distribuir el certificado en todos los equipos. Luego, en la configuración de la política, se importa el certificado CA en la sección de autoridades de certificación raíz confiables. Finalmente, se asocia la política al dominio para implementar el certificado en todos los equipos.
Modulation of pluripotency in the porcine embryo and i ps cells (Dec.27,2012) Ahmad Usama
1) The study investigated signaling pathways involved in formation of the porcine inner cell mass (ICM) and methods to increase pluripotency in porcine embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
2) They found that inhibiting MEK and GSK3β signaling pathways in porcine embryos and iPSCs, combined with LIF treatment, promoted a naive pluripotent state similar to mouse ESCs.
3) Naive piPSCs expressed genes associated with naive pluripotency and showed higher germline differentiation potential than non-naive piPSCs. The study provides insights into regulating pluripotency in
Este documento proporciona instrucciones sobre cómo insertar encabezados, pies de página, portadas y plantillas en Microsoft Word. Explica que para agregar un encabezado o pie de página se debe hacer clic en la pestaña Insertar, luego en el icono correspondiente y seleccionar un diseño. También menciona que tratará sobre cómo añadir portadas y plantillas pero no incluye detalles al respecto.
Este documento explica cómo crear un endpoint HTTP en SQL Server para publicar un procedimiento almacenado como un servicio web. Se proporciona un ejemplo de sentencia SQL para crear un endpoint llamado "ReqInsXml" que expone un procedimiento almacenado como un servicio web HTTP accesible a través de una URL. Se describen los parámetros como el path, la autenticación, los puertos, el sitio, el método web, la base de datos y el namespace.
El documento describe los diferentes tipos de motores, incluyendo motores térmicos como los de combustión interna que usan gasolina u otros combustibles, motores de combustión externa, y motores eléctricos. También explica brevemente cómo funcionan los motores de gasolina de cuatro tiempos y dos tiempos, así como los motores eléctricos y algunas de sus ventajas sobre los motores de combustión. Finalmente, menciona algunos ejemplos de máquinas que usan motores.
The document discusses copyright and licensing terms for the LINGO software and related documentation. It states that the software and documentation are copyrighted and may not be copied without permission. It also provides a disclaimer indicating that while LINDO Systems aims for accuracy, the software may contain errors and results should be verified before making decisions. Users are not provided any warranties regarding the software or documentation.
Curriculum del Ingeniero Genris G. Reyes Vásquez, M.S.C.FUNDEIMES
El documento presenta el currículum vitae de Ingeniero Genris Reyes Vásquez, que incluye su experiencia laboral en cargos relacionados con la energía y las telecomunicaciones, su educación formal que comprende estudios de posgrado, maestrías y cursos especializados, y una extensa lista de cursos, seminarios, talleres y conferencias relacionados principalmente con eficiencia energética, telecomunicaciones y gestión.
1. The document discusses a class on advertising management, including definitions of advertising, purposes of advertising, and ethical issues in advertising.
2. It provides definitions of advertising from various sources and breaks down the components of those definitions.
3. The importance of advertising is discussed for manufacturers/traders, consumers, and society as a whole in promoting economic growth.
The document discusses advertising concepts, definitions, objectives, techniques, forms, and ethics. It provides information on advertising agencies, campaigns, and effectiveness models like AIDA. Some key points include:
- Advertising aims to persuade audiences to purchase products/services or take action.
- Objectives include increasing awareness, sales, market share, and brand recognition.
- Common techniques are repetition, endorsements, emotional appeals, and association.
- Campaigns involve coordinated messages across media over time to achieve objectives.
- Agencies help create, plan, and manage campaigns for advertisers.
- Effectiveness models like AIDA describe the customer journey from awareness to action.
This presentation covers the whole topic of marketing communication or promotion including the Promotion Mix as Product Mix and Tools of the promotion, fully explained. followed by which promotional objectives and media selection and management.
This document discusses ethics in marketing communications. It covers topics such as social responsibility, ethics in advertising, sales promotion, research, advertorials and infomercials. It also discusses regulations and guidelines for advertisers to ensure marketing activities are conducted ethically. Some ethical issues discussed include stereotyping, advertising to children, promoting unhealthy products, and making exaggerated or misleading claims. The goal is to balance effective marketing with social responsibility and avoid exploiting or manipulating consumers.
Ethics in marketing is important to build trust with stakeholders, create a positive brand image, and avoid legal issues. Unethical practices can damage a brand's reputation. There are many ethical issues to consider across the four P's of marketing: product quality and safety, deceptive pricing strategies, unfair distribution practices, and misleading advertising. Both businesses and government share responsibility for ethical marketing and protecting consumers. Upholding strong ethics in areas like marketing research is also crucial for serving customers responsibly.
The document provides an introduction and overview of the key concepts related to advertisement. It discusses the definition of advertisement, its features and objectives. It also covers the different types of advertisements based on various classifications. The document notes that advertisement aims to ultimately increase sales while also serving communication and persuasive functions. It also outlines some of the advantages and disadvantages of advertisement to manufacturers, consumers and society.
This document provides an overview of advertising management and concepts. It begins with defining advertising and describing its key features and functions. It then discusses the different types of advertising based on geographical area, target audience, demand influence level, purpose, timing, appeal, and media. The document also covers what makes an ad effective, the importance and benefits of advertising, as well as potential harms. It discusses the role of advertising in a company's marketing mix and analyzes advertising through economic, social, legal, and ethical lenses.
DECEPTIVE ADVERTISING AND CONSUMER REACTION A STUDY OF DELTA SOAPLinaCovington707
DECEPTIVE ADVERTISING AND CONSUMER REACTION: A STUDY OF DELTA SOAP ADVERTISEMENT
Introduction
Deceptive marketing is false or misleading sales activities and information aimed at luring, coercing, seducing, persuading or enticing both potential and existing consumers of a product to patronize a trader, sellers or manufacturers of a product. It is an act of selling concept as the sole aim is geared towards the immediate conversion of goods to cash not minding the aftermath effect it may have on the buyer or consumer as well as the organization’s sales, sustenance and growth potentials. It can be perpetrated through personal selling, advertising, labelling packaging, catalogue, and deceptive tele-marketing. However, in the developed countries of the world such as America and Europe and even in some under-developed countries, deceptive marketing activities are criminal offences under the Competition Act. In addition, the Act governs various deceptive marketing practices, unsupported test claims and testimonials, misleading ordinary price claims, sending deceptive prize notices by mail or e-mail, certain types of multi-level marketing systems and misleading advertising. Specific provisions also supplement the Criminal Code rules regarding promotional contests.
Apart from addressing the serious issue of unusual sales drop and or new product failure in the market that could be occasioned by post purchase dissonance and lack of repeat purchase by the consumer as a result of the nefarious acts of deceptive advertising, it will be of great importance to traders in our various markets and the management of companies as suggestions will be given to the policy makers which also will serve as clues towards improving their marketing policies and programs towards maintaining and wooing both existing and potential consumers respectively.
Besides it will be useful to other organizations, industries and governmental agencies in the area of policy formulation and strategic marketing.
Deceptive advertising is an advertisement or marketing practice, which is considered deceptive if there is a "representation, omission, or practice that is likely to mislead the consumer". The advertisement does not only necessarily have to cause actual deception, but as noted by Federal Trade Commission (FTC, 1998), the act will likely mislead the consumer.
Although the immense ventures and endeavors have been observed on deceptive advertising which includes identifying and measuring deception but a very slim focus is given on its effects on Consumer loyalty. Deceptive advertising is so to speak as the use of fake or deceptive statements in publicity (Campbell, 1995). Deceptive publicity has been around since the inauguration of time and is still common today. Sometimes it is done innocently by an advocate; however, it is done with the intent in the direction of deceiving the consumers (Aaker, 1974). Generally it is perceived that deception in advertising (false claims) leads ...
The document defines promotion mix as the specific blend of promotion tools a company uses to communicate customer value and build relationships. It identifies the main elements of promotion as advertising, personal selling, sales promotion, exhibitions, sponsorship, and public relations. Each element is then briefly described, with advertising defined as paid communication to create awareness and gain response, personal selling as managing personal customer relationships, and sales promotions as tactics to incentivize purchase like BOGO offers or money-off deals.
Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) takes a comprehensive approach to evaluating various communication tools, including advertising, sales promotion, branding, and public relations. IMC recognizes that these channels can complement each other. For example, advertising may create awareness while sales promotions spur purchases. Branding aims to maintain equity for high-involvement products. Public relations develops a favorable company image. Coordinating these tools through IMC can maximize their combined impact on consumers.
This document discusses different types of advertising appeals that can be used to influence consumer purchasing decisions. It identifies emotional, rational, moral, social, fear, humor, direct, and indirect appeals. Rational appeals highlight the functional benefits of a product, while emotional appeals relate to psychological and social needs. Moral appeals involve a sense of right and wrong. The conclusion stresses the importance of understanding target audiences for crafting effective advertising.
The document discusses operational communication strategies for advertising, including developing a creative brief, insight, promise, and creative ideas. It also covers advertising theories, research methods like pre-testing and post-testing, different types of media including above-the-line, below-the-line, and through-the-line approaches. Promotional tools like TV, print, radio, and direct marketing are also mentioned.
This document discusses promotion and the promotional mix. It defines promotion as communication to customers about a product to persuade them to buy it. A business needs to promote to make customers aware of its products, increase awareness and market share, and encourage customers to choose its products over competitors. The document outlines different promotional methods including advertising, sales promotions, public relations, and personal selling that make up the promotional mix. It notes that small businesses should consider their target market and utilize an effective mix of above and below the line promotion strategies to gain sales.
"Marketers be aware" of deceptive advertising, trade practices and consumer r...Maxwell Ranasinghe
This document discusses issues with deceptive advertising practices in Sri Lanka and calls for marketers to be aware of consumer protections and the Consumer Affairs Authority (CAA). It highlights several common deceptive practices like false claims in infomercials, misleading offers in telemarketing, and exaggerated health/safety claims. The CAA has strong legal powers to investigate misleading advertising under the Consumer Affairs Authority Act. As consumers become more educated and assertive of their rights, there is potential for many future cases against deceptive marketers. The document advises marketers to reduce deception in advertising and be aware of consumers' negative perceptions of ads, as well as the CAA's ability to crack down on violations.
Ch17: Designing and Managing Integrated Marketing Communicationsbrgarcia
1. The document discusses key concepts in integrated marketing communications planning, including the primary functions of marketing communications, brand contact, effects of technology on consumer processing, methods for establishing marketing budgets, and determining communications objectives.
2. It provides examples of marketing communications mix elements like advertising, sales promotion, events, and examines strategies for global adaptations and measuring communications results.
3. Integrated marketing communications is defined as a planning concept that recognizes the added value of a comprehensive marketing communications plan that strategically combines various communication disciplines.
This document provides an overview of advertising, including definitions, characteristics, types, roles, functions, key players, evolution, issues, laws, and ethics. Advertising is defined as any paid form of non-personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods, or services by an identified sponsor. It aims to design persuasive communication through mass media to promote brands, products, and services. The document also outlines the characteristics of effective advertising, different types of advertising, and the roles advertising plays in marketing, communication, the economy, and society.
Advertising can provide benefits but also harms. It informs consumers and encourages economic growth, but sometimes provides misleading information or creates unrealistic wants. It may use women, children, or morality to sell products in ways that disrespect or manipulate audiences. While advertising has a role, communicators and advertisers should prioritize high standards, avoid false claims, and respect audiences.
The document provides information on advertising and advertising agencies. It defines advertising as a non-personal communication paid for by sponsors to promote products, services, or ideas through various media. An advertising agency is defined as an independent business that develops, prepares, and places ads for clients seeking customers. The key functions of an advertising agency are planning advertising campaigns, preparing ads through creative work, executing campaigns by selecting media and placing ads, and providing other services like market research and media selection.
Implementation of death sentences and role of mediaMayanka Singh
Media has both positive and negative effects on death penalty implementation in India. Positively, media informs the public and can unite views, but negatively it sometimes spreads misinformation. Media influenced public opinion in high-profile cases like Ajmal Kasab and Afzal Guru, initially creating pressure but later questioning delays. While publicity can support justice, media should prioritize truth over ratings to avoid distorting cases or politicizing the process.
The document discusses halal meat and its use in food chains globally and in India. It provides definitions of halal and the requirements for preparing halal meat according to Islamic law. It then discusses the sociocultural importance of halal food for Muslims and differences in views between religions. The document outlines bans on halal meat in some countries and regions due to animal welfare concerns but its widespread use in areas with large Muslim populations. In India, regulations and use of halal varies between states and large fast food chains provide halal in some Muslim-majority cities.
Travel agencies were traditionally retailers that arranged travel services on behalf of suppliers like airlines and hotels. However, the rise of e-portals allowed customers to directly book travel online.
While e-portals provided benefits like convenience and lower prices without commissions, they also posed a major threat to traditional travel agencies. As more people began booking independently online, travel agencies saw a sharp decline in business.
Now, travel agencies have had to adapt by adopting e-portals themselves or focusing on services like cruises that are still commonly booked through agents. However, independent agencies have found it difficult to survive as e-portals have become dominant for arranging do-it-yourself travel.
Plastic money refers to payment methods like credit cards, debit cards, and smart cards that are made of plastic rather than paper or metal. While plastic money provides advantages like purchasing power and safety, it is not widely accepted in India due to infrastructure issues, lack of government support, and cultural mindsets that are averse to credit. Younger, higher-income Indians are more likely to use plastic money, but overall adoption remains relatively low compared to more developed countries. For plastic money to succeed in India, improvements are needed in financial literacy, technology infrastructure, and addressing cultural preferences for cash-based transactions.
The GMR Group is an Indian infrastructure company founded in 1978 and headquartered in Bangalore. It operates successfully implemented infrastructure projects across India using public-private partnerships. The group is actively involved in corporate social responsibility through the GMR Varalakshmi Foundation, which works with underprivileged communities where the group has business interests. GMR Group has diversified into sectors like sugar, ferro alloys, education, healthcare, and urban infrastructure development.
The document provides an overview of Jaiprakash Associates Limited, a large Indian infrastructure conglomerate. It discusses the company's founder and vision, as well as holistic marketing concepts including internal marketing, integrated marketing, promotional marketing, and relationship marketing. Jaiprakash Associates has business interests in engineering, construction, power, cement, real estate, hospitality, and education.
The DS Group started in 1929 as a manufacturer of fragrances and diversified into tobacco products in the 1930s-1950s, becoming a leader in India with brands like Baba and Rajnigandha. In the 1980s they expanded into food and beverages by acquiring Hi-Tech Foods and launching products like Catch salt. The DS Group uses a customer-driven strategy of closely meeting customer needs through new product innovations, obtaining feedback, and building loyalty programs to gain customer referrals.
The document compares the Indian toy market of the 1990s and 21st century. In the 1990s, the toy market size was estimated at Rs. 4.5 billion with four major global players - Mattel, Lego, Hasbro, and Bandai - operating in India. Mattel first entered India in 1985. Now in the 21st century, India has over 800 domestic toy manufacturers, exporters and suppliers in addition to the global brands.
Bank of Baroda (BOB) was established in 1908 and was one of the first Indian banks to open an overseas branch in 1953 in Mombassa, Kenya. By 2005-06, BOB had nearly 3,000 branches worldwide across 20 countries. It offers various services for NRIs, export/import finance, correspondent banking, and more. However, transforming its bureaucratic culture and gaining employee buy-in to changes has been challenging. BOB is addressing this by expanding its market globally, developing new products and services, increasing branding, and focusing more on customers.
ITC Ltd operates in several business segments including FMCG, hotels, paperboards & packaging, and agriculture. When applying the BCG matrix:
- Hotels, paperboards/packaging, and agriculture are classified as stars due to their high market share and growth rates.
- FMCG-cigarettes are considered cows with high market share but low growth.
- FMCG-others may be dogs or question marks depending on their ability to gain market share.
Overall, ITC pursues a strategic of diversifying into emerging high growth markets while leveraging its core competencies and distribution network across businesses.
This document discusses segmentation and targeting for online marketing. It provides examples of segmenting customers based on geographic location, demographics, psychographics, behaviors, interests, and technology usage. Specific segments mentioned include millennials, ethnic groups, influentials, and interest communities. The document also discusses targeting strategies such as mass marketing, multisegment marketing, niche marketing, and micromarketing.
The document discusses social responsibility and corporate social responsibility. It states that CSR involves activities like community development, philanthropy, and social education that benefit both businesses and society. Businesses adopt CSR as part of their corporate values and citizenship. CSR activities help organizations hire and retain employees while also contributing to business performance.
The document discusses public sector organizations in India. It defines public sector units as those owned and controlled by the government, with objectives of providing public services. It then traces the growth of public sector enterprises in India from the 1948 industrial policy resolution that reserved certain industries for the public sector. The performance of public sector enterprises increased substantially over successive five-year plans. Reasons for the growth include securing balanced regional development and establishing large, heavy industries. The document also discusses privatization trends in India and abroad.
Globalisation and strategies for going globalMayanka Singh
This document discusses various strategies for companies to go global, including exporting, licensing/franchising, management contracts, contract manufacturing, and turnkey contracts. It provides details on each strategy, such as licensing involving paying fees to use intellectual property, and management contracts separating ownership from operation of a business. Globalization is said to have benefits like raising living standards and market expansion, but also challenges like job losses in some countries.
The document discusses industrial sickness in India. It defines an industrially sick unit according to the Reserve Bank of India and summarizes the key provisions of the Sick Industrial Companies (Special Provisions) Act 1985 (SICA). SICA aimed to determine sickness in industrial units and facilitate revival of viable units or closure of unviable ones. It established the Board for Industrial and Financial Reconstruction and Appellate Authority for Industrial and Financial Reconstruction to tackle industrial sickness. The document also lists various internal and external causes that can lead a company to become industrially sick.
This document discusses foreign direct investment (FDI), multinational corporations, and international trade organizations. It provides definitions and organizational models for multinationals, including international and global models. It also outlines the merits and demerits of multinationals for host countries. Additionally, it discusses key international economic institutions like the IMF, World Bank, and WTO/GATT. It explains their roles in facilitating global trade and financing. Finally, it summarizes some major WTO agreements regarding intellectual property (TRIPS) and investment measures (TRIMS).
This document discusses key concepts related to products, services, and brands. It defines a product as anything that can satisfy a want or need, including both tangible goods and intangible services. Products have tangible attributes like packaging as well as intangible attributes like perceptions. The document also discusses classifying products based on durability and tangibility, the significance of product planning, differentiating products, and the importance of building strong brands to create customer value and competitive advantages.
I. The document discusses new product development including idea generation, screening, concept development, marketing strategy, business analysis, product development, market testing, and commercialization.
II. It also covers managing new product development through customer-centered and team-based approaches.
III. The document concludes with brief discussions on product decisions and social responsibility as well as international product and services marketing.
The document discusses pricing strategies and considerations. It begins by outlining key questions around how consumers evaluate prices, how companies should initially set prices and adapt prices over time. It then defines price and discusses factors to consider like customer perceptions of value, cost, and other marketing mix variables. The document also covers types of pricing like value-based, cost-based, good-value pricing and value-added pricing. It outlines the pricing process, including selecting objectives, estimating costs and demand, and choosing a final price. The document concludes by discussing strategies for adapting prices based on factors like location, promotions, and customer segments.
The document discusses business buying behavior and the business buying process. It explains that business buying involves more complex decisions than consumer buying and often multiple people within an organization. The buying process can include initiators who identify the need, users of the product, influencers, deciders, approvers, and buyers. Environmental factors like the economy, materials shortages, and technology can also influence business buying decisions. Business purchases are generally made to support the production of other goods and services.
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In this article, we will dive into the extraordinary life of Ellen Burstyn, where the curtains rise on a story that's far more attractive than any script.
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AI Transformation Playbook: Thinking AI-First for Your BusinessArijit Dutta
I dive into how businesses can stay competitive by integrating AI into their core processes. From identifying the right approach to building collaborative teams and recognizing common pitfalls, this guide has got you covered. AI transformation is a journey, and this playbook is here to help you navigate it successfully.
Enhancing Adoption of AI in Agri-food: IntroductionCor Verdouw
Introduction to the Panel on: Pathways and Challenges: AI-Driven Technology in Agri-Food, AI4Food, University of Guelph
“Enhancing Adoption of AI in Agri-food: a Path Forward”, 18 June 2024
Unlocking WhatsApp Marketing with HubSpot: Integrating Messaging into Your Ma...Niswey
50 million companies worldwide leverage WhatsApp as a key marketing channel. You may have considered adding it to your marketing mix, or probably already driving impressive conversions with WhatsApp.
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We take a look at everything that you need to know in order to deploy effective WhatsApp marketing strategies, and integrate it with your buyer journey in HubSpot. From technical requirements to innovative campaign strategies, to advanced campaign reporting - we discuss all that and more, to leverage WhatsApp for maximum impact. Check out more details about the event here https://events.hubspot.com/events/details/hubspot-new-delhi-presents-unlocking-whatsapp-marketing-with-hubspot-integrating-messaging-into-your-marketing-strategy/
Adani Group's Active Interest In Increasing Its Presence in the Cement Manufa...Adani case
Time and again, the business group has taken up new business ventures, each of which has allowed it to expand its horizons further and reach new heights. Even amidst the Adani CBI Investigation, the firm has always focused on improving its cement business.
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The report *State of D2C in India: A Logistics Update* talks about the evolving dynamics of the d2C landscape with a particular focus on how brands navigate the complexities of logistics. Third Party Logistics enablers emerge indispensable partners in facilitating the growth journey of D2C brands, offering cost-effective solutions tailored to their specific needs. As D2C brands continue to expand, they encounter heightened operational complexities with logistics standing out as a significant challenge. Logistics not only represents a substantial cost component for the brands but also directly influences the customer experience. Establishing efficient logistics operations while keeping costs low is therefore a crucial objective for brands. The report highlights how 3PLs are meeting the rising demands of D2C brands, supporting their expansion both online and offline, and paving the way for sustainable, scalable growth in this fast-paced market.
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NIMA2024 | De toegevoegde waarde van DEI en ESG in campagnes | Nathalie Lam |...BBPMedia1
Nathalie zal delen hoe DEI en ESG een fundamentele rol kunnen spelen in je merkstrategie en je de juiste aansluiting kan creëren met je doelgroep. Door middel van voorbeelden en simpele handvatten toont ze hoe dit in jouw organisatie toegepast kan worden.
2. A company’s total promotion mix—also called its
marketing communications mix—consists of the
specific blend of
advertising
sales promotion
public relations
personal selling
and direct-marketing tools that the company uses to
pursue its advertising and marketing objectives.
3. Advertising: Any paid form of non-personal presentation and
promotion of ideas, goods, or services by an identified
sponsor
Sales promotion: Short-term incentives to encourage the
purchase or sale of a product or service
Public relations: Building good relations with the company’s
various publics by obtaining favorable publicity, building up
a good corporate image, and handling or heading off
unfavorable rumors, stories, and events
Personal selling: Personal presentation by the firm’s sales
force for the purpose of making sales and building customer
relationships
Direct marketing: Direct connections with carefully targeted
individual consumers to both obtain an immediate response
and cultivate lasting customer relationships—using
telephone, mail, fax, e-mail, the Internet, and other tools to
communicate directly with specific customers.
6. Events/ Experiences
Sports
Entertainment
Festivals
Arts
Causes
Factory tours
Company museums
Street activities
Public Relations
Press kits
Speeches
Seminars
Annual reports
Charitable donations
Publications
Community relations
Lobbying
Identity media
Company magazine
7. Personal Selling
Sales presentations
Sales meetings
Incentive programs
Samples
Fairs and trade shows
Direct Marketing
Catalogs
Mailings
Telemarketing
Electronic shopping
TV shopping
Fax mail
E-mail
Voice mail
Blogs
Websites
8. Sender: The party sending the message to another party
Encoding: The process of putting thought into symbolic form
Message: The set of symbols that the sender transmits
Media: The communication channels through which the
message moves from sender to receiver
Decoding: The process by which the receiver assigns meaning
to the symbols encoded by the sender
Receiver: The party receiving the message sent by another
party
Response: The reactions of the receiver after being exposed to
the message
Feedback: The part of the receiver’s response communicated
back to the sender
Noise: The unplanned static or distortion during the
communication process that results in the receiver’s getting a
different message than the one the sender sent.
9. Identify target audience
Determine objectives
Design communications/message
<refer next slide>
Select channels
Establish budget
Decide on media mix
Measure results/ manage IMC
10. Rational appeals relate to the audience’s self-interest.
They show that the product will produce the desired
benefits.
Emotional appeals attempt to stir up either negative or
positive emotions that can motivate purchase.
Communicators may use positive emotional appeals such as
love, pride, joy, and humor. Communicators can also use
negative emotional appeals, such as fear, guilt, and shame
that get people to do things they should or to stop doing
things they shouldn’t.
Moral appeals are directed to the audience’s sense of
what is “right” and “proper.” They are often used to urge
people to support social causes such as a cleaner
environment, better race relations, equal rights for
women, and aid to the disadvantaged.
11. Affordable: this method of setting budgets completely ignores the effects
of promotion on sales. It tends to place advertising last among spending priorities
Percentage-of-Sales: It is simple to use, It helps management think about
the relationship between promotion spending, selling price, and profit per unit
Competitive Parity: They monitor competitors’ advertising or
get industry promotion spending estimates from publications or trade associations,
and then set their budgets based on the industry average
Objective-and-Task: the company sets its promotion
budget based on what it wants to accomplish with promotion.
12. PUSH STRATEGY: through distribution channels to
final consumers
PULL STRATEGY: the producer directs its
marketing activities toward final consumers to
induce them to buy the product.
factors- type of product/market and the product life-
cycle stage
13. Introduction stage:
Advertising and public relations are good for producing high awareness, and
sales promotion is useful in promoting early trial. Personal selling must be
used to get the trade to carry the product.
In the growth stage:
Advertising and public relations continue to be powerful influences, whereas
sales promotion can be reduced because fewer incentives are needed.
In the mature stage:
Sales promotion again becomes important relative to advertising. Buyers
know the brands, and advertising is needed only to remind them of the
product.
In the decline stage:
Advertising is kept at a reminder level, public relations is dropped, and
salespeople give the product only a little attention. Sales
promotion, however, might continue strong.
14. Advertising council of India, established in 1985
ASCI code applies to advertisements read, heard
or viewed even if they originate in abroad
LAWS GOVERNING MEDIA:
The Press Council Act 1978
Cable Television Network Rules, 1994
Code for Commercial Advertising on Doordarshan and
All India Radio
Electronic Media Monitoring Centre (EMMC)
Norms for Journalist Conduct issued by the Press Council
of India
Code of Conduct of the News Broadcasters Association
15. Laws Protecting Society and the Consumer
Emblems and Names (Prevention of Improper Use)
Act, 1950
Young Persons (Harmful Publications) Act, 1956
Companies Act, 1956
Standards of Weight & Measures Act, 1976
Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition)
Act, 1986
Consumer Protection Act, 1986
Laws related to intellectual property rights
16. Industry-Specific Laws
The Drugs and Cosmetic Act, 1940
The Transplantation of Human Organs Act, 1994
The Drugs and Magical Remedies (Objectionable Advertisements)
Act, 1954
The Prenatal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation and Prevention of
Misuse) Act, 1994
Advocates Act, 1961
Infant Milk Substitutes, Feeding Bottles and Infant Foods
(Regulation of Production, Supply and Distribution) Act, 1992
Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992
The Prize Chits and Money Circulation Schemes (Banning) Act,
1978
Cigarettes and other Tobacco Products (Prohibition of
Advertisement and Regulation of Trade and Commerce,
Production, Supply and Distribution) Act, 2003
Public Gambling Act, 1867, the Lotteries (Regulation) Act, 1998 and
the Prize Competitions Act, 1955
Indian Medical Council (Professional Conduct, Etiquette and
Ethics) Regulations, 2002
The Food Safety & Standards Act, 2006
17. Products and Services Banned From Advertising
Tobacco
The Cigarettes and other Tobacco Products (Prohibition of Advertisement and Regulation of
Trade and Commerce, Production, Supply and Distribution) Act, 2003 ("Tobacco Prohibition
Act") prohibits all direct and indirect advertising of tobacco products in all media.
Human Organs
The Transplantation of Human Organs Act, 1994: This law provides for the
regulation of removal, storage and transplantation of human organs for
therapeutic purposes and for the prevention of commercial dealings in human
organs. This law prohibits any advertising inviting persons to supply, offering to
supply, any human organ for payment.
Magical Remedies
The Drugs and Magical Remedies (Objectionable Advertisements)
Act, 1954 prohibits advertisement of magical remedies of diseases and disorders.
Services for Pre-Natal Determination of Sex
The Prenatal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation and Prevention of Misuse)
Act, 1994 prohibits advertisements relating to pre-natal determination of sex.
Infant formula
Advertising forbidden in order to encourage natural feeding of infants.
Prize Chits and Money Circulation Schemes
The Prize Chits and Money Circulation Schemes (Banning) Act, 1978 prohibits
advertisements relating to prize chit2 and money circulation schemes.
18. Professionals such as Chartered Accountants, Company
Secretaries & Cost Accountants: details of names of partners,
address and website, telephone, mobile, e-mail, fax number of
the member, year of establishment, additional recognized
qualifications, languages spoken by the partner(s), honours or
awards in the field of teaching, research, authorship etc.
Firearms, Weapons, and Ammunition: Arms Act, 1959.
Regulations Related to Product and Service Advertising
Alcohol (Beer, Wine, and Spirits)
The Cable Television Network Rules, 1994, the Advertising Codes of
Doordarshan, and the All India Radio and Norms for Journalist
Conduct issued by the Press Council of India prohibit any
advertisement directly or indirectly promoting the production, sale, or
consumption of cigarettes, tobacco products, wine, liquor, or other
intoxicants.
Legal Services
The Bar Council of India Rules formulated under the Advocates Act
1961 strictly enforce the advertisement ban and publicity rules
governing law firms websites.
22. MARKET SHARE
PLC
DEVELOPING
ADVERTISING
STRATEGY
Creating advertising
messages: clutters,
message appeal type,
Selecting advertising
media
MESSAGE EXECUTION
CONSUMER
GENERATED
MESSAGES
Selecting advertising media
Deciding on
Reach, Frequency, and
Impact.
Choosing Among Major
Media Types
Deciding on Media
Timing
Media effectiveness
factors.
Audience quality.
Audience engagement.
Editorial quality.
23. Measuring the communication effects of an ad or ad
campaign
Sales and profits effects of advertising are often harder
to measure.
small organizations: their own sales department
large organizations: advertisement agency
Standardization produces many benefits—lower
advertising costs, greater global advertising
coordination, and a more consistent worldwide image.
Global advertisers face several special problems.
Advertising media costs and availability differ vastly from
country to country.
Countries also differ in the extent to which they regulate
advertising practices
24. Public relations is building good relations with the
company’s various publics by obtaining favorable
publicity, building up a good corporate image, and
handling or heading off unfavorable rumors, stories,
and events.
25. Press relations or press agency: Creating and placing
newsworthy information in the news media to attract
attention to a person, product, or service.
Product publicity: Publicizing specific products.
Public affairs: Building and maintaining national or local
community relations.
Lobbying: Building and maintaining relations with
legislators and government officials to influence
legislation and regulation.
Investor relations: Maintaining relationships with
shareholders and others in the financial community.
Development: Public relations with donors or members of
nonprofit organizations to gain financial or volunteer
support.
26. PR professionals find or create favorable news about the company
and its products or people.
Speeches can also create product and company publicity.
Another common PR tool is special events, ranging from news
conferences, press tours, grand openings, and fireworks displays to
laser shows, hot air balloon releases, multimedia
presentations, start-studded spectaculars, or educational programs
designed to reach and interest target publics.
Public relations people also prepare written materials to reach and
influence their target markets. These materials include annual
reports, brochures, articles, and company newsletters and
magazines.
Audiovisual materials, such as films, slide-and-sound
programs, and video and audio CDs, are being used increasingly as
communication tools.
Corporate identity materials can also help create a corporate
identity that the public immediately recognizes.
Companies can improve public goodwill by contributing money
and time to public service activities.
28. Definition of Philip Kotler: “Personal selling
involves oral presentation in a conversation
with one or more prospective purchases for
the purpose of making sales”.
29. Personal selling is one of the oldest
professions in the world.
salesperson covers a wide range of positions.
a salesperson might be an order taker, such as
the department store salesperson standing
behind the counter
can vary from company to company incase of
online selling there is no need of salesperson
30. Linking the Company with Its Customers
They represent customers to the company.
They represent the company to customers.
Coordinating Marketing and Sales
31. Sales force management is defined as the
analysis, planning, implementation, and control of
sales force activities
Designing Sales Force Strategy and Structure
Territorial Sales Force Structure: Each salesperson is assigned
to an exclusive geographic area and sells the company’s full
line of products or services to all customers in that territory.
Product Sales Force Structure: The sales force sells along
product lines.
Customer Sales Force Structure: The sales force is organized
along customer or industry lines.
Complex Sales Force Structures: often combines several types
of sales force structures when it sells a wide variety of products
to many types of customers over a broad geographic area.
32. Recruiting and Selecting Salespeople
The best salespeople possess four key talents:
Intrinsic motivation.
Disciplined work style.
The ability to close a sale.
The ability to build relationships with customers.
Training Salespeople
different types of customers and their needs, buying motives, and buying
habits.
must teach them how to sell effectively and train them in the basics of the
selling process.
training program teaches them about the company’s objectives,
organization, and chief products and markets, and about the strategies of
major competitors.
Compensating Salespeople
Straight salary,
Straight commission,
Salary plus bonus,
Salary plus commission.
33. Supervising and Motivating Salespeople
The goal of supervision is to help salespeople “work smart”
by doing the right things in the right ways.
The goal of motivation is to encourage salespeople to
“work hard” and energetically toward sales force goals
Evaluating Salespeople and Sales-Force
Performance
Sales reports,
Call reports,
Expense reports.
34. Prospecting and qualifying
Current customers.
Suppliers, dealers, noncompeting sales-people, and bankers.
Directories or on the Web.
Dropping in unannounced on various offices (a practice known as “cold calling”)
Their financial ability.
Volume of business.
Special needs.
Location.
Possibilities for growth.
Pre-approach: The pre-approach is the stage in which the salesperson
learns as much as possible about the organization (what it needs, who is
involved in the buying) and its buyers (their characteristics and buying
styles)
Approach: During the approach step, the salesperson should know how
to meet and greet the buyer and get the relationship off to a good start.
Presentation and demonstration
Handling objections
Closing,
Follow-up