Indian toy market
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The document compares the Indian toy market of the 1990s and 21st century. In the 1990s, the toy market size was estimated at Rs. 4.5 billion with four major global players - Mattel, Lego, Hasbro, and Bandai - operating in India. Mattel first entered India in 1985. Now in the 21st century, India has over 800 domestic toy manufacturers, exporters and suppliers in addition to the global brands.
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Fdi, wto and trading blocks
This document discusses foreign direct investment (FDI), multinational corporations, and international trade organizations. It provides definitions and organizational models for multinationals, including international and global models. It also outlines the merits and demerits of multinationals for host countries. Additionally, it discusses key international economic institutions like the IMF, World Bank, and WTO/GATT. It explains their roles in facilitating global trade and financing. Finally, it summarizes some major WTO agreements regarding intellectual property (TRIPS) and investment measures (TRIMS).
Products, services, and brands
This document discusses key concepts related to products, services, and brands. It defines a product as anything that can satisfy a want or need, including both tangible goods and intangible services. Products have tangible attributes like packaging as well as intangible attributes like perceptions. The document also discusses classifying products based on durability and tangibility, the significance of product planning, differentiating products, and the importance of building strong brands to create customer value and competitive advantages.
Product, services and brands 2
I. The document discusses new product development including idea generation, screening, concept development, marketing strategy, business analysis, product development, market testing, and commercialization.
II. It also covers managing new product development through customer-centered and team-based approaches.
III. The document concludes with brief discussions on product decisions and social responsibility as well as international product and services marketing.
Pricing
The document discusses pricing strategies and considerations. It begins by outlining key questions around how consumers evaluate prices, how companies should initially set prices and adapt prices over time. It then defines price and discusses factors to consider like customer perceptions of value, cost, and other marketing mix variables. The document also covers types of pricing like value-based, cost-based, good-value pricing and value-added pricing. It outlines the pricing process, including selecting objectives, estimating costs and demand, and choosing a final price. The document concludes by discussing strategies for adapting prices based on factors like location, promotions, and customer segments.
Mis and consumer buying behaviour
The document discusses business buying behavior and the business buying process. It explains that business buying involves more complex decisions than consumer buying and often multiple people within an organization. The buying process can include initiators who identify the need, users of the product, influencers, deciders, approvers, and buyers. Environmental factors like the economy, materials shortages, and technology can also influence business buying decisions. Business purchases are generally made to support the production of other goods and services.
Marketing channels
A marketing channel system involves organizations that make a product available for consumption. It performs functions like information gathering, promotion, negotiating terms, financing inventory, and transferring ownership. Companies must decide whether to use a push or pull strategy to move products through channels. They also must design channel structures by analyzing customer needs, evaluating alternatives, and establishing objectives. Managing channels requires selecting, training, motivating, and evaluating channel members while addressing potential conflicts between members.
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