This document discusses various techniques for effective communication, including verbal communication through speaking, lip reading, and sign language. It also addresses written communication using letters, emails, reports, and emoticons. Barriers to effective communication mentioned include language barriers, noise, lack of concentration, physical barriers like distance between parties, poor equipment, staff shortages, and distractions. Systems design faults like lack of training and unclear organizational structure can also impede communication, as can different languages, psychological factors, and physiological states.