In this slide i was tried to cover a information about commonly used instrument in pharmacological experiments.

1. SUBJECT-PHARMACOLOGY
Instruments Used in Experimental Pharmacology
Prepared By:
Miss.Pooja Bhad
SY.D.Pharmacy
Enroll NO. -15
Guided By:
Mr.Chaudhari Amit.A
Assistant Professor
M.Pharm
Matoshri Institute of Pharmacy,Dhanore(Yeola),Nashik , A.Y-2022-23

2. EXPERIMENT NO - 3
Aim:- Commonly used instruments in experimental
pharmacology

3. INTRODUCTION
 Some common instrument are used in experimental pharmacology.
 In industry more recent sophisticated equipment’s are available for
drug discovery such as multiple organ baths.
 Organ bath assembly was first used by Rudolph Magnus in early
19th century.

4. List Of Instruments
1. Organ bath assembly
2. Sherrington Rotating Drum and Kymograph
3. Recording levers
4. Rota Rod Apparatus
5. Acto-photometer
6. Electro-convulsometer
7. Analgesiometer (Hot Plate, Tail Flick )
8. Pole climbing apparatus
9. Histamine Chamber
10. Metabolic Cage
11. Tele Thermometer
12. Aerator

5. Organ bath
The tissue bath used to put the animal tissue for studying the drug action is called student organ
bath.

6. Sherrington Rotating drum
 Use to record contraction or relaxation of the
isolated tissue preparation.
 The recording is done on Kymograph papers
fixed on circular Cylinders and runs at different
speed using electrical recording drum.
 Application:-
 To record effect of drug ( response).

7. Student Organ Bath
 It is used to studying the effect of drug /s
isolated animal tissue.
 Student organ bath tissue is mounted and
provided with necessary environment.
 First designed by Rudolph Magnus in 1904.
Application
 Used to maintain the integrity Of muscle
tissue for several hours, in a controlled
environment.
 Quantify the effect of treatment with
contractile and relaxing agent.
 Affinity and efficacy studies of agonist and
antagonists.
 Drug discovery and safety pharmacology.

8. USES
Organ bath have been used for decades by pharmacologists to investigate
nerve-muscular interaction and the contractility of smooth, cardiac or skeletal
muscle.
Two types of organ bath
1. Single unit organ bath.
 This set-up was designed and developed by Rudolph Magnus.
 It has only one inner organ bath.
2. Double unit organ bath.
 Double unit organ bath is having two holding place for organ tube that’s why we can
perform two studies at same time.

9. SINGLE UNIT DOUBLE UNIT
ORGAN BATH. ORGAN BATH.

10. ESSENTIAL PARTS OF ORGAN BATH
1. Rotating drum and Kymograph
2. Kymograph
3. Outer bath/Outer water jacket
4. Inner organ bath
5. Tissue holder and oxygen supply
6. Fulcrum
7. Stirrer
8. Heating iron coil and thermostat
Kymograph paper

11. Recording levers
Use:- use to record the contraction or relaxation of the isolated tissue
preparation.
List of levers:-
1. Simple lever
2. Frontal writing lever (FWL)
3. Starling heart lever ( SHL)
4. Brodie's universal lever
5. Gimble lever (GL)
6. Isometric lever

12. 1. Simple lever
 It is simple type of lever
 Made of stainless steel , aluminum Or wood
with stylus.
 Attachment of simple lever should be
tangential to the smoke drum.
2. Frontal writing lever ( FWL )
 Made of stainless steel with stylus.
 Attachment of should be perpendicular to the
smoked drum.
 It is used to record the contraction of isolated
muscle preparation.

13. 3. Starling heart lever ( SHL)
 Made of stainless steel or aluminum
with detachable style
 Attachment of SHL is perpendicular
to the smoked drum.
 It is used to record contraction of
the heart.
4. Brondies universal lever
 It is general utility lever with axis
screwed with with two nuts.

14. 5. Gimbal lever:-
 Made of stainless steel, or aluminum
with stylus attached to it.
 A roller is fitted in between for free
movement by the gravity force.
 Attachment of GL should be
tangential to the smoked drum.
6. Isometric lever:-
 It consists of heavy brass frame with
spring steel wire fixed to each limb
and carrying the lever from its
center.

15. 7. Auxotonic lever:-
 Made of stainless steel, aluminum or wood with stylus attached
to it.
 Attachment of should be perpendicular to the smoked drum .

16. FORCEPS AND SCISSORS:-
 Laboratory instruments made of
stainless steel.
 Forceps are a handheld, hinged
instrument used for grasping and
holding objects.
 Scissors are used for many
purposes during a surgical
procedure.
 Operating or surgical scissors
come in different sizes and are
used to cut soft tissue.

17.  Dissecting scissors are used to separate and differentiate tissues because they are
more precise than operating scissors.

18. ROTA ROD APPARATUS

19. Determine the effect of skeletal muscle relaxant
drugs using Rota-Rod apparatus .
 Drug :- Dizepam
 Animal:- Rat , Mice
 The apparatus consist of a horizontal metal rod
( coated with rubber) of 3 cm diameter.
 Adjusted speed – 2 rotation/ min to 6 rotation/
min .
 The rod is 75 cm in length and is decided into
6 section by plastic discs
 Thereby allowing the simultaneously testing of
6 mice
 Height of rod – 50 cm
 Cut off time – for the tes is – 2 min.
 The retention time ( sec ) .for each mouse / rat
is recorded.

20. ACTOPHOTOMETER

21. Determine the effect of CNS stimulant and depressant drugs using
actophotometer.
 Animal :- rat , mice
 CNS depressant drug like alcohol reduce the motor activity with the
stimulant like caffeine and amphetamines increases the activity.
 The locomotors activity can be easily measured using an actophotometer
activity.
 It consists of six built in photo sensor and 4 digital counter to indicate
the locomotors.
 It also incorporates electric shock of up to 100 volts for activating rats.
 When the beam of light falling on the photo cell is cut off by animal , a
count is recorded.
 An actophotometer could have either circular or square area in which the
animal moves.

22. ELECTRO-CONVULSIOMETER
 Instrument is used to study the
anticonvulsant activity of of phenytoin
against maximal electro shock induced
convulsion in rat.
 Animal:- rat , mice
 The electric shock is applied through the
corneal electrodes.
 It produces five phase:-
1. Tonic flexion
2. Tonic extensor
3. Clinic convulsion
4. Stupor
5. Recovery/ death
 Eectro- convulsiometer is used for
applying maximal electro shock through
corneal electrodes provided.

23. POLE CLIMBING APPARATUS

24.  The pole climb apparatus is one of the most important laboratory
models employed for the study of antipsychotic drug.
 The basic principles of pole climbing apparatus is based on a neuro
chemical mechanism of anxiety disorder.

25. ANALGESIOMETER
 Effect of analgesic using
Analgesiometer.
 Animal :-rat, mice
 The instrument works on the principle of
observing the pain threshold in the
rodents before and after drug
administration.
 This Is performed mainly to identify any
pain stimulus threshold in rodents
against a radiant heat and to screen
analgesic drug by increasing pain
threshold.
 The radiant heat method is being used
for evaluation of systemic analgesic
activity of drug.

26.  The end point of the experiment is considered escape reaction which is
considered to be controlled by brain.
 Two types of analgesiometer-:
1. Tail flick analgesiometer.
2. Hotplate analgesiometer.
 Physiologically,tail flick is mainly medicated as a spinal reflex whereas hotplate
paw withdrawal is mainly medicated by the brain.

27. 1) Tail flick analgesiometer 2) Hotplate analgesiometer

28. Metabolic cage
 The metabolic cage is designed to allow
measurement of fluid intake , and to
separate and collect faces and urine for
numerous qualitative determination.
 It is used to study the metabolic
parameters such as faecal and urine for the
study of purgative or laxative , animals
such as rat and mice are used.

29. Aerator
 Given spot is aerator.
 This instrument is used to generate and supply oxygen
to isolated preparation.