This document discusses several issues to avoid in formal writing, including using informal words, repetitive words, sentences with confused meanings, inappropriate idioms, and incorrect punctuation. It provides examples of more formal alternatives for words like "wanna", "gonna", and "don't". It also gives examples of replacing very repetitive words with synonyms to enrich vocabulary. Issues with squinting modifiers and incorrect comma usage in sentences are explained, along with examples to clarify proper grammar rules. The document advises sticking to formal writing styles and avoiding informal idioms, jargon or vague language in academic essays.

3.  Using informal words in writing.
 Some words are used in spoken language
but are considered informal when they are
used in the writing form.

5. Examples are;
Wonna (should be ‘want to’)
Gonna (should be ‘going to’)
Don’t (should be do not)
Haven't (should be have not)

7.  Using one word repetitively in
one sentence or in the entire
essay.
 Common words should be
replaced with their synonyms in
order to enrich the overall use
of vocabulary.

8. Examples:
Some commonly repetitive words, which can be
replaced are:
Very important  imperative/ essential
Increase in  growth in/ augment in
To tell  to facilitate/ mentoring

10.  Sentences with confused meanings.
 Improper arrangement of words in a
sentence can cause the issue of squinting
modifier.
 This can be corrected by rearranging words
in a sentence.

11. Examples:
Reading quickly improves speaking skills- Incorrect
(here it is not clear whether ‘quickly’ is associated
with reading or improvement of speaking skills, thus
it is a squinting modifier.)
Reading improves speaking skills quickly- Correct
Quick reading improves speaking skills. – Correct

13.  Idioms are used to add writing flavor into
the text, but it should not decrease the
formal nature of the essay.
 Informal idioms with jargons and vague
meaning should not be used in formal
English writing.

14. Some examples are:
 Blood run cold
 When pigs fly
 Mother of evils
 800 pound gorilla
 Old fart

16.  Punctuation marks are generally used to
break sentences.
 Most of the punctuation errors come with
comma (,).
 The use of comma is done when one
sentence has two parts, and the second
part has its own subject and object.

17. Examples:
I was playing basketball, when
he arrived.
I was playing basketball when
he arrived.
(The sentence used has a single
object and, therefore, the use
of comma is not required.)
Only when I reached home I
remember that I have
forgotten my keys.
Only when I reached home, I
remember that I have forgotten
my keys.
(The object ‘I has been used
after the subject ‘home’, thus,
a comma mark is required
here.)

18. Thank You.
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