This document covers respiratory tract infections and asthma. It discusses the common cold in detail, including that it is usually caused by one of several viruses, with over 200 cold virus varieties including over 100 rhinoviruses. It describes common cold symptoms, risk factors like age and season, and treatments focused on symptom relief like over-the-counter medications, rest, fluids. Prevention methods are also outlined, and complications like ear infections are noted.

1. Respiratory Tract Infections &
Asthma

2. Topics to covered….
 Common cold by S.M.HASNAIN ALI NAQVI
(ROLL NO 7)
 Pharyngitis by MOTASIM ANWER (ROLL NO 21)
 Sinusitis by IKRAM KHAN (ROLL NO 18)
 Bronchitis by M.AHSAN EJAZ(ROLL NO 3)
 Asthma by SAMIYA YAQOOB (ROLL NO 15) &
UROOJ ILYAS (ROLL NO 14)

3. Common cold
 The common cold, or upper respiratory tract
infection, usually is caused by one of several
respiratory viruses,
 Common colds are mild infections of the nose
and throat, which are very common in
young children (and in adults who are around
them), and are caused by many different
viruses.
 There are around 200 cold viruses, including
over 100 rhinoviruses.

4. Causes
over 200 different varieties of viruses can
cause the symptoms of a cold
The most common virus is called the
rhinovirus.
Other viruses include the corona virus,
parainfluenza virus, adenovirus,
enterovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus.

5. RISK FACTORS
 Age:
1. Infants and preschool children are
especially susceptible to common
colds because they haven't yet
developed resistance to most of the
viruses that cause them.
2. Children who doesn’t frequently
careful about washing their hands
and covering their mouths and
noses when they cough and sneeze.

6. Immunity
 As you age, you develop immunity to
many of the viruses that cause
common colds.
 You'll have colds less frequently than
you did as a child.
 However, you can still come down with
a cold when you are exposed to cold
viruses or have a weakened immune
system.

7. Time of year
Both children and adults are
more susceptible to colds in
fall and winter.
That's because children are in
school and most people
spend a lot of time indoors.

8. Sign and Symptoms
Runny
nose
Cough,
Congestion
Sneezing
Watery eyes
Mild fatigue
Itchy or sore
throat
Low-grade
fever

9. Treatment
 There's no cure for the common cold.
Antibiotics are of no use against cold
viruses.
 Treatment should focus on symptom
relief.
 The most commonly used treatments
include over-the-counter, antihistamines,
decongestants, cough suppressants, and
expectorants.
 These treatments can be used alone or
in combination.

10. LIFESTYLE AND HOME
REMIDIES .
Drink lots of fluids
Try chicken soup
Get some rest
Soothe your throat

11. Pain relievers (symptomatic
treatment).
 For fever, sore throat and headache,
many people turn to acetaminophen
(Tylenol, others) or other mild pain
relievers.
 Keep in mind that acetaminophen can
cause liver damage, especially if taken
frequently or in larger than
recommended doses.
 Don't give acetaminophen to children
under 3 months of age.

12. Decongestant nasal sprays
 Adults shouldn't use decongestant
drops or sprays for more than a few
days because prolonged use can
cause chronic rebound inflammation
of mucous membranes.
 And children shouldn't use
decongestant drops or sprays at all.
 Example: pseudoephedrine,
phenlyepherine

13. Cough syrups
 that dextromethorphan provides a
modest clinical benefit.
 Studies showed a reduction in the
frequency and severity of cough for
persons 18 years or older without
significant adverse effects.
 Example:
Codeine, dextromethorphan

14. Prevention
Wash your hands.
Scrub your stuff
Use tissues
Don't share
Steer clear of colds

15. COMPLICATION
Acute ear
infection
Wheezing
Sinusitis.