Combined sci b9 syllabus
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The document outlines key concepts about energy flow in ecosystems from the Cambridge IGCSE Combined Science syllabus. It states that the sun is the principal energy input to biological systems. It defines terms like food chain, food web, producer, consumer, herbivore, carnivore, decomposer, ecosystem, and trophic level. It also describes that there are energy losses between trophic levels and that food chains usually have fewer than five trophic levels. Finally, it mentions describing the carbon cycle and discussing the effects of fossil fuel combustion and deforestation on atmospheric oxygen and carbon dioxide levels.
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This document outlines the syllabus statements from the Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry exam for 2016-2018 regarding organisms and their environment. It covers:
1) Energy flow through ecosystems from the sun to organisms and the environment.
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Combined sci b7 syllabus
Hormones are chemical substances produced by glands and carried by the blood that alter the activity of target organs. Adrenaline increases blood glucose levels and pulse rate in response to metabolic activity. It is secreted more in situations that require increased metabolic activity. Plant growth is controlled by hormones called auxins that regulate differential growth and cause phototropism and geotropism responses by stimulating more growth on the side of the plant away from or towards light or gravity.
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Prefix Multiple Standard form
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nano (nm) 1 nm = 0.000 000 001 m x 10-9
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- 3. B10 Energy flow in ecosystemsB10 Energy flow in ecosystems • food web as a network of interconnected food chains showing the energy flow through part of an ecosystem; • producer as an organism that makes its own organic nutrients, usually using energy from sunlight, through photosynthesis; • consumer as an organism that gets its energy by feeding on other organisms;
- 4. B10 Energy flow in ecosystemsB10 Energy flow in ecosystems • herbivore as an animal that gets its energy by eating plants; • carnivore as an animal that gets its energy by eating other animals.
- 5. B10 Energy flow in ecosystemsB10 Energy flow in ecosystems 4. Define the terms: •decomposer as an organism that gets its energy from dead or waste organic matter; •ecosystem as a unit containing all of the organisms and their environment, interacting together, in a given area e.g. decomposing log or a lake; •trophic level as the position of an organism in a food chain or food web.
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- 7. B10 Energy flow in ecosystemsB10 Energy flow in ecosystems 6. Describe the carbon cycle. 7. Discuss the effects of the combustion of fossil fuels and the cutting down of forests on the oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere.