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energyflowinanecosystem-200714175407.pptx.pptx
1. ENERGY FLOW IN AN
ECOSYSTEM
Presented by:
S. Esakkiammal,
II M.Sc. Botany,
Department of Plant Science,
M. S University.
2. ENERGY :
The property of
matter and radiation
which is manifest as
a capacity to perform
work
3. LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS:
It states that the amount of
energy in the universe is constant.
It may change from one form to
another, but it can neither be
created nor destroyed.
The change of energy from one
form to another takes place in
such a way that a part of energy
assumes waste form.
5. ENERGY FLOW IN ECOSYSTEMS:
Living organisms can use energy in
two forms radiant and fixed energy.
Radiant energy - electromagnetic
waves, such as light.
Fixed energy - potential chemical
energy bound in various organic
substances which can be broken
down in order to release their energy
content.
6.
7. PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY:
As the amount of biomass or
organic matter produced per unit
area over a time period by plants
during photosynthesis.
It is expressed in terms of
weight (g–2) or energy (kcal m–
2).
The rate of biomass production is
called productivity.
9. Gross primary productivity of an
ecosystem is the rate of production
of organic matter during
photosynthesis.
A considerable amount of GPP is
utilised by plants in respiration.
Gross primary productivity minus
respiration losses (R),is the net
primary productivity (NPP).
GPP – R = NPP
11. PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION
(PAR):
Plants capture only 2-10 per cent of the PAR
and this small amount of energy sustains the
entire living world.
So, it is very important to know how the solar
energy captured by plants flows through
different organisms of and ecosystem.
All organisms are dependent for their food on
producers, either directly or indirectly.
So you find unidirectional flow of energy from
the sun to producers and then to consumers.
12. HOW DOES ENERGY MOVE BETWEEN
TROPIC LEVELS?
Energy can
pass from one
tropic level to
the next level
organic
molecules
Organism’s
body eaten by
another
organism
13.
14. No energy that is trapped into
an organism remains in it for
ever.
The energy trapped by the
producer, hence, is either passed
on to a consumer or the
organism dies.
Death of organism is the
beginning of the detritus food
chain/web.
16. Main source of energy is sun
57% of sun energy is absorbed in the
atmosphere and scattered in the
space
35% is spent to heat water
and land areas and to
evaporate water.
8% of light energy
striking plant surface,
10% to 15% is reflected
2% (0.5 to 3.5%) of the
total light energy used in
photosynthesis
17. Usually 40% or less of the energy ingested is
stored by growth. An invertebrate typically uses about a
quarter of this 40% for growth; in other words, about 10%
of the food an invertebrate eats is turned into its own body
and thus into potential food for its predators. Although the
comparable figure varies from approximately 5% in
carnivores
to nearly 20% for herbivores, 10% is a good average
value for the amount of organic matter that reaches the
next trophic level.
