 These are substances which are obtained form natural sources i. e. plant animals and insects are known as natural colors and dyes  Dyes are the agents which are get absorb into on which it applied (fibers) and resist to soap washing and sunlight  Colors are agent which only adsorb on surface and dose not resist to sunlight and soap.

1. Department of Pharmacy (Pharmaceutics) | Sagar savale
SAGAR SAVALE 1
Colors and dyes
Mr. Sagar Kishor Savale
[Department of Pharmacy (Pharmaceutics)]
2015-016
avengersagar16@gmail.com
1. Introduction
 These are substances which are obtained form natural sources i. e. plant animals and
insects are known as natural colors and dyes
 Dyes are the agents which are get absorb into on which it applied (fibers) and resist to
soap washing and sunlight
 Colors are agent which only adsorb on surface and dose not resist to sunlight and soap.
2. History
 colors and dyes are being by human being form immemorial time.
 archeological wall paintings, and some references
 Celity and maya cevilizations
 Alizarin in 19
th
centurey 1
st
synthetic dye
 But natural colors and dyes regain its position bz of free of side effect.
 natural dyes and colors shows its application
• As paints
• As dye for fibrics
• In cosmetics
• In pharmaceuticals

2. Department of Pharmacy (Pharmaceutics) | Sagar savale
SAGAR SAVALE 2
3. Importance of Colour
 Red is hot and stimulates the adrenals. It drives toxins out of the body, but can also create
too much heat, causing headaches, inflammations, fevers, high blood pressure, hot
flashes, as well as anger.
 Orange is warm, stimulates the gonads, has a cheering, inspiring effect that makes one
optimistic; Too much can cause slight frustration, and increased irritability. As well as
increasing your appetite.
 Yellow is warm to hot. It stimulates the brain and the nerves, and inspires one to gain
knowledge and optimism. Used appropriately it can cause soothing results, and protect
against infection, poisons, and pollutants.
 Green is refreshing and cool. produces calmness, has a restful effect on the eyes and is
neutral. It is an optimist color. Refreshes and cleanses the body, blood and mind.
 Indigo is cool and has a calming effect on the nervous system. It can be a great comforter
for headaches, inflammation and fevers. Most importantly, is has the ability to minimize
and reduce heart palpitations.
 Blue is cold and acidic. Dark and rich blue colors have been known to cure spinal
troubles, burns, and inflammatory problems. They has been used to reduce anxiety, panic
attacks and even hysteria.
 Violet is a cool color, but also provides gentle heat to the body. It stimulates the immune
system, builds antibodies, and may be used as a germicide. Violet is a spiritual color in
that it inspires us to give, and have compassion for others.

3. Department of Pharmacy (Pharmaceutics) | Sagar savale
SAGAR SAVALE 3
4. Importance of day for Colour
In esoteric traditions, colors are also associated with particular days of the week.
Sunday is the day of yellow and illumination.
Monday is the day of divine love, represented by the color pink.
Tuesday is the day for the color blue, symbolic of faith and the will of God.
Wednesday is green for healing and truth.
Thursday has tow colors: purple and gold. Both of these colors are symbolic of service to
others.
Friday is white, denoting purity.
Saturday is violet, symbolic of freedom and transmutation.
Colors and culture
• Red
China: Good luck, celebration, summoning
Cherokees: Success, triumph
India: Purity
South Africa: Color of mourning
Russia: Communism
Eastern: Worn by brides

4. Department of Pharmacy (Pharmaceutics) | Sagar savale
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Western: Excitement, danger, love, passion, stop, Christmas (with green)
• Orange
Ireland: Religious (Protestants)
Western: Halloween (with black), creativity, autumn
• Yellow
China: Nourishing
Egypt: Color of mourning
Japan: Courage
India: Merchants
Western: Hope, hazards, coward
• Green
China: Green hats indicate a man's wife is cheating on him, exorcism
India: Islam
Ireland: Symbol of the entire country
Western: Spring, new birth, go, Saint Patrick's Day, Christmas (with red)
5. Plant Product is important to obtain the Colour Pigments They as follow.

5. Department of Pharmacy (Pharmaceutics) | Sagar savale
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History
• cochineal dye was used by the Aztec and Maya peoples of Central and North America
• In some individual it may produces anaphylactic shock
Synonyms: cochineal extract", "carmine", "crimson lake", "natural red 4", "C.I. 75470", "E120"
Biological source: it is dried female insect of Doctylopius coccus or Coccus cocti F: coccidae.
Gs: Peru and Canary island.
Life cycle of cochineal insect

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Morphology
Three pairs of legs and seven pairs of antena, the male insects having wings and female dose
not.
• During egg development stag insects are collected
• They are killed by water boiling or stove burning it gives purplish black colors and k/a
black grains.
• When they are killed by charcoal fumes or burning with sulphar it develops purplish
grey color k/a silver grains

7. Department of Pharmacy (Pharmaceutics) | Sagar savale
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• The cochineal insects looks to be silvery white bz of presence of wax and fats
Chemical constituent
• 10% anthorquinone dye known as carminic acid which briliant purple water soluble
coloring matter.
• Others 10% fats and 2% waxes
• It should be free from E. coli and salmonellae
Uses
• Traditionally cochineal was used for colouring fibrics
• Pharmaceutically useful as coloring agent for liquids and solids
• It is safe for eye preparations Insoluble form use in ccosmetics

8. Department of Pharmacy (Pharmaceutics) | Sagar savale
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Adultrants
 It is moestly bemd with mineral matter
 It is mixed with other insect which made same colors
 It is detected by ash value and water insluble property
5.2 Annatto
History
• Indigenous to Caribbean, South American Indian cultures.
• It was probably not initially used as a food additive but for other reasons, such as body
painting, to ward off evil, and as an insect repellent
• The ancient Aztecs called it achiotl, and it was used for Mexican manuscript painting in
the sixteenth century.
• Central and South American natives use the seeds to make a body paint, and lipstick. For
this reason, the achiote is sometimes called the lipstick-tree.

9. Department of Pharmacy (Pharmaceutics) | Sagar savale
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Biologicale source: Annatto is produced from the reddish pulp which surrounds the seed of the
achiote (Bixa orellana L.)F: Bixaceae
• Seeds are obtained from small tree
• Fruit bears hair like projections which splits on maturity
• Seeds are dark scarlet red color,
• The color shows water and fixed oil solubility and thus it is ideal for food and dairy
coloring agent.
Chemical constituent
• Seeds shows 2.5% pf principle dye – bixin, a apocarotenoids
• Chemically bixin is methyl ester, which after removal of it forms nor-bixin which is basis
for annatto dye.
• Annatto dye- yellow color, stable at neutral and alkaline pH but ppt at Acidic pH.

10. Department of Pharmacy (Pharmaceutics) | Sagar savale
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Uses
• As coloring agent
• A popular coloring agent for food and dairy products it employed as coloring and coating
material for solid and liquid dosage forms.
5.3 Saffron
History
• It is one of the old coloring agent used by great Romans and Greek peoples
• As coloring agent for glowing the skins
• Coloring agent to foods
• Name from Arabic word – ZAFFRON- yellow color.
Biologicale source
It is dried stigmas and top of the styles of crocus sativa F: iridaceae

11. Department of Pharmacy (Pharmaceutics) | Sagar savale
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Collection
• It is cultivated through vegetative propagation-corms
• Planted in July /Aug collected in May.
• Flowers are collected in early morning and send to picking center –style and stigma
separated from other floral parts
• Dried over charcoal stove for 30-40 min. cooled and stored.
Chemical constituent
• It is no. of carotenoid pigment
• Fresh drug show presence of protocrocitin which on drying decomposes to crocin and
picrocrocin.
• It also shows presence of crocitin, safranal which on hydrolysis – gentiobiose and crocitin
• Essential oil – 34/ more component – terpenes, terpene alcohol and esters

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Uses
• In various system of medicine – as anticancer, antiarthritic, antihypertensive,
• Also useful as strong antioxidant.
• Useful as coloring agent for cosmetics, foods, drugs.