Colorectal carcinoma
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This document summarizes information about colorectal carcinoma: - It is the 3rd most common cancer and most common after age 60. Risk factors include diet, diabetes, ulcerative colitis, and genetic conditions. - Inherited conditions like familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and Lynch syndrome can cause colorectal cancer. FAP causes multiple polyps developing by the teen years and cancer by age 40. - Presenting symptoms include blood in stool, changes in bowel habits, abdominal pain, obstruction, and weight loss. Investigations include colonoscopy, imaging, and blood tests. Treatment depends on staging but may include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation.
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A 30-year-old female presented with a one month history of left iliac fossa pain, anorexia, weight loss, and vomiting for one week. Examination revealed a tender palpable mass in the left iliac fossa. CT scan showed sigmoid colon cancer with liver metastases. At laparotomy, a perforated sigmoid colon mass was found adhered to surrounding structures with pus collection. A sigmoid colectomy with end colostomy was performed.
Carcinoma of colon and rectum for MBBS
Aetiology
Classification
Clinical features
Complications
Investigation and screening
TNM staging
Treatment
Followup
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This document provides information on the approach to colorectal cancer, including clinical presentation, risk factors, investigations, staging, screening, surgery, and complications. Key points include that changes in bowel habits and rectal bleeding are common symptoms. Risk factors include age, family history, and inflammatory bowel disease. Investigations include colonoscopy, CT scans, and serum CEA levels. Surgery involves removing the tumor and nearby lymph nodes, and may require temporary or permanent stomas. Complications can include anastomotic leaks, bleeding, and hernias.
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Colorectal cancer.pptx by -MANOJIT(MS)
Colon cancer is the second most common cancer and most common gastrointestinal malignancy. It typically presents between ages 45-65. The predominant type is adenocarcinoma. Risk factors include family history, inflammatory bowel disease, and diet low in fruits and vegetables. Treatment involves surgical resection of the primary tumor with or without chemotherapy depending on staging. Palliative options are considered for metastatic or unresectable disease.
Colorectal cancer
This document discusses rectal cancer, including risk factors, symptoms, diagnostic procedures, staging, and treatment. It provides details on:
- Risk factors like age, family history, and other medical conditions that can increase risk.
- Symptoms depending on tumor location in the right, left, or rectal areas of the colon.
- Diagnostic procedures like colonoscopy, barium enema, and blood tests to stage and diagnose cancer.
- Staging using the TNM system to classify tumor size, node involvement, and metastasis.
- Treatment options like polypectomy, surgery (including types of resections), and post-treatment monitoring.
Colon ca. , presentation , pathophysiology , and treatment
This document discusses colon cancer, including risk factors, pathogenesis, types of polyps, staging, and treatment. The main risk factors for colon cancer are age, personal history of colon cancer or inflammatory bowel disease, smoking, and obesity. Genetic defects like in the APC gene can cause familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Colon cancer is typically staged after diagnosis and treatment may involve surgery like colectomy along with chemotherapy and follow-up surveillance colonoscopies.
Diseases of the liver
- Viral hepatitis can present asymptomatically, symptomatically before jaundice, or progress to fulminant hepatitis or chronic hepatitis. Diagnosis involves blood tests to check liver enzymes and serology or molecular testing to determine the virus.
- Liver abscesses can be pyogenic (most common), amebic, or fungal. Amebic abscesses are caused by Entamoeba histolytica and present with fever, abdominal pain, and hepatomegaly. Pyogenic abscesses require drainage if large or not improving with antibiotics.
- Hydatid cysts are caused by the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. Surgical removal is usually required for large or infected cysts while
Carcinoma gallbladder
This document provides an overview of gall bladder carcinoma. It discusses the epidemiology, etiology, pathology, histology, presentation, workup, treatment and follow up of gall bladder cancer. Gall bladder cancer is relatively uncommon but the 5th most common gastrointestinal malignancy worldwide. Chronic inflammation from gallstones is the main risk factor. Imaging studies like ultrasound, CT and MRI are used to diagnose and stage the cancer. Surgery is the main treatment but the outcome is often poor due to late diagnosis and aggressive nature of the disease.
carcinoma of stomach
Gastric adenocarcinoma is cancer that develops in the lining of the stomach. The document discusses the anatomy of the stomach, risk factors for gastric cancer including H. pylori infection and diet, clinical presentation including symptoms like anemia and weight loss, diagnostic tests like endoscopy and biopsy, and treatment options. Treatment may involve surgery such as radical or subtotal gastrectomy depending on the location of the tumor, as well as chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Prognosis depends on factors like depth of invasion and lymph node involvement.
Colorectal neoplasms
Colorectal cancer, Colon, Rectum, Duke's staging, TNM staging, Astler-Coller classification, Hemicolectomy
CA STOMACH.pptx
This document provides information on gastric carcinoma, including:
1. It describes the classification, epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, histology, staging, clinical features, investigations, and management of gastric adenocarcinoma.
2. The main risk factors include H. pylori infection, dietary nitrites, genetic mutations, and polyps. Gastric adenocarcinoma is classified based on cell type, location, depth of invasion, and metastasis.
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Liver specimen: Hepatocellular carcinoma, liver abscess
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colon cancer 2022.pptx
The document provides information on colon cancer including:
1. The blood supply, lymphatic drainage, and innervation of the colon.
2. Risk factors for colon cancer development including familial syndromes.
3. Staging systems for colon cancer such as Dukes classification and TNM staging.
4. Clinical features, diagnosis, and screening guidelines for colon cancer.
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Colorectal carcinoma
- 2. epidemiology 3rd most common 3rd of this disease arise in rectum rare before 50( except in inherited colorectal cancer syndromes) common after 60 other factor: diet(low fibre , high fat,red meat,alcohol,) , diabetic, UC, inherited genetic condition more common in developed (sporadic young indian subcontinent) reduction in dss if taken aspirin
- 3. inherited condition causing bowel cancer 1.polyposis syndromes 2.hereditary non polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC)- low polyp but high risk to get CA
- 4. polyposis syndromes • familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) • AD in APC gene coz hundredss polyps develop by mid teen. • develop CA at age 40 • prevention : surgery in early adulthood 1. (subtotal colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis) 2. (panproctocolectomy)
- 5. polyposis syndromes peutz-jeghers syndrome develop hamartomas polyps throughout GI tract others features: freckles around mouth, hand, feet, genitalia die at 50 because - bowel intussusception -cancer cancer usually at small/large/stomach/pancreas/testes and breast
- 6. HNPCC Lynch syndrome defect in mismatch repair genes which mend damaged DNA 70% risk to get colorectal CA indicator cancer : endometrium/ ovary/ urothelium/ small bowel / brain when patient > 45 develop indicator cancer then we test marker for genetic condition.
- 7. pathophysiology • most CA initially exophytic(protrude into lumen) then ulcerated and progressively invade the muscular bowel wall. then eventually involved serosa and surrounding structures. • stromal fibrosis cause luminal narrowing (IO) large bowel spread via lymphatic then blood stream lymphatic 1-mesenteric node 2.para aortic nodes( duodenal obstruction)(compress bile duct coz jaundice) blood spread 1. liver
- 8. presentation blood loss anaemia caecum and asc colon rare cause obstruction palpable mass in right iliac fossa change in bowel habit blood and mucus and loose stool large bowel obstruction(partial and complete) left colon because more solid
- 9. rectal bleed tenesmus perforation SIGN cachexia low supraclavicular lymp node enlarge mass/ liver/ ascitis rectal examination mandatory
- 11. Investigations • Colonoscopy (best), look for synchronous lesions -Alternative: air contrast barium enema (“apple core” lesion) + sigmoidoscopy • FBC • Metastatic workup: CXR, abdominal CT/ultrasound • Bone scan, CT head only if lesions suspected • Labs: CBC, urinalysis, liver function tests, CEA (before surgery baseline)
- 12. barium enema
- 13. capsule
- 16. staging
- 17. Treatment • SURGERY (indicated in potentially curable or symptomatic cases -not always in stage IV) • Curative: wide resection of lesion (5 cm margins) with nodes and mesentery • Palliative: if distant spread, then local control for hemorrhage or obstruction • 80% of recurrences occur within 2 years of resection • Improved survival if metastasis consists of solitary hepatic mass that is resected • Colectomy: • -most patients get primary anastomosis (e.g. hemicolectomy, low anterior resection (LAR)- • -if cancer is below levators in rectum, patient may require an abdominal perineal resection (APR) with a permanent end colostomy, especially if lesion involves the sphincter complex • -complications: anastomotic leak or stricture, recurrent disease, pelvic abscess, enterocutaneous fistula
- 18. RADIOTHERAPY & CHEMOTHERAPY • Chemotherapy (5 FU based regimens): for patients with node-positive disease • Radiation: for patients with node-positive or transmural rectal cancer (pre ±post-op), not effective in treatment of colon cancer • Adjuvant therapy –chemotherapy (colon) and radiation (rectum) • Palliative chemotherapy/radiation therapy for improvement in symptoms and survival
- 19. Local Excision, Resection Anastomosis
- 21. Thank You Kingsoft Office published by www.ksosoft.com @Kingsoft_Office kingsoftstore