The document provides an agenda for a class that includes turning in final floor plans, a discussion on color theory, and work time to create concept boards. It then covers key elements of color including hue, value, chroma, intensity, saturation and color systems like additive, subtractive and the 12-color wheel. Definitions and examples are given for primary, secondary, tertiary, tints, shades and tones. Finally, different color schemes such as monochromatic, analogous, complementary, split-complementary, triadic and square are defined.

1. Agenda
• Warm Up: In your sketchbook please write down what
colors you think you will use for each room in your
apartment
• Agenda:
– Turn in final floor plans with rubric and reflection questions
– Color Theory
– Worktime: Concept Boards
• 8 by 8 show workshop meeting next Thursday in Room 7

2. Unit 3: Professional Practices
and Client Communication
Please grab a few boxes of colored
pencils for your table

3. Elements of Art
Basic building blocks of art. Can’t
make a work of art without at least
one
• Color
• Line
• Shape
• Texture
• Form
• Space
• Value

4. Principles of Design
The rules that govern how an artist
organizes the elements of art in a
work of art
• Balance
• Contrast
• Emphasis
• Variety
• Unity
• Proportion
• Movement

5. OPAQUE VS. TRANSPARENT/
TRANSLUCENT
UNABLE TO SEE ABLE TO BE SEEN
THROUGH THROUGH (EITHER
PARTIALLY OR FULLY)

6. WHICH IS OPAQUE?

7. ARE THESE TRANSPARENT
OR OPAQUE?

8. WHAT PART OF THIS STILL
LIFE DRAWING IS
TRANSPARENT?

9. HUE
A pure (unmixed with
black, white, gray or
another color) color’s
name or how it is
classified
Blue’s hue is blue
Red’s hue is red
Green’s hue is green

10. CHROMA
How pure a color is,
meaning the amount of
black, white or gray that
is present in a color
High Chroma Colors – very intense and vivid,
very little black, white or gray present
Low Chroma Colors – very dull and colors, a
lot of black, white or gray present

11. INTENSITY
Brightness or dullness
of a color (NOT
lightness or darkness!)
A pure hue has a high intensity
When a hue is mixed with white, black, gray or
another color it has a lower intensity

12. INTENSITY

13. SATURATION
The intensity of a
specific hue. It is based
on the color’s purity
A highly saturated hue has a vivid, intense color
A less saturated color appears more muted and
gray.

14. SATURATION

15. VALUE
The brightness or
darkness of a color

16. VALUE

17. COLOR SYSTEMS
ADDITIVE
SUBTRACTIVE

18. ADDITIVE COLOR SYSTEM
• Named for the more colors mixed together
the brighter they become, adding to the
brightness of the color
• Color + Color = Brighter color
• End result = White
• Primary Colors: Red, Green and Blue
• Medium: Light
• Uses: Color computer monitors, color TV’s,
stage lighting, contemporary luminal art

19. SUBTRACTIVE COLOR SYSTEM
• Named for the more colors mixed together
the darker they become. subtracting away
the brightness of the color
• Color + Color = Black
• End result = Black
• Primary Colors – magenta, cyan, yellow
• Media: transparent materials such as
Watercolors, Dyes and Acetates
• Uses: Artists, Color Photography, Full
Color Printing Industry applications such
as billboards, magazines, illustrations,
books and advertising, computer printers

21. 12 COLOR SYSTEM
COLOR WHEEL

22. PRIMARY
CANNOT BE MADE BY MIXING OTHER COLORS
TOGETHER

23. PRIMARY

24. SECONDARY
MADE BY MIXING 2 PRIMARY COLORS
TOGETHER

25. SECONDARY

26. TERTIARY (INTERMEDIATE)
MADE BY MIXING A PRIMARY COLOR WITH A
SECONDARY COLOR

27. TERTIARY

28. TINTS:
ADDING WHITE TO A COLOR

29. TINTS:
ADDING WHITE TO A COLOR

30. SHADES:
ADDING BLACK TO A COLOR

31. SHADES:
ADDING BLACK TO A COLOR

32. O V R Y G B

33. TONES:
COLOR + ITS COMPLEMENT
OR
COLOR + GREY

34. MONOCHROMATIC
TINTS AND SHADES OF ONE (MONO) COLOR

35. MONOCHROMATIC
TINTS AND SHADES OF ONE (MONO) COLOR

36. MONOCHROMATIC

37. MONOCHROMATIC
Monochromatic color schemes look clean
and elegant

39. Analogous Color
COLORS NEXT TO ONE ANOTHER ON THE
COLOR WHEEL

41. Analogous
An analogous color
scheme is well
coordinated and
calming

42. Analogous

43. Complementary Colors
ACROSS FROM ONE ANOTHER ON THE COLOR
WHEEL. PLACING COMPLEMENTS NEXT TO
ONE ANOTHER MAKE EACH APPEAR BRIGHTER

45. COMPLEMENTARY
Complementary color schemes look very intense
and can be overpowering in large doses

47. Split-Complementary
COLORS ON EITHER SIDE OF A COLOR’S
COMPLEMENT

49. SPLIT- COMPLEMENTARY
A split-complementary color scheme has high
contrast and is very vivid and intense.

51. Triadic
THREE COLORS SPACED EQUALLY APART ON
THE COLOR WHEEL

53. TRIADIC
Triadic color schemes are very vibrant and so
it’s best to carefully balance them by letting
one color dominate the other two.

54. TRIADIC

55. Tetradic or Rectangular
FOUR COLORS ARRANGED INTO TWO
COMPLEMENTARY PAIRS

56. TETRADIC
Looks rich and warm. Tetradic color schemes works
best if you let one color be dominant. You should
also pay attention to the balance between warm and
cool colors in your design.

57. SQUARE
FOUR COLORS EVENLY SPACED APART FROM
ONE ANOTHER ON THE COLOR WHEEL

58. SQUARE
Square color schemes works best if you let one color be
dominant. You should also pay attention to the
balance between warm and cool colors in your design

59. WARM VS. COOL

60. WARM COLORS
• Reds; Oranges; Yellows
• reminiscent of fire
• advance (come forward)
towards the viewer
• Tend to be vibrant and
stimulating. Yellow-Green
and Red-Violet can be
considered either warm or
cool.

62. WARM

63. COOL COLORS
• Blues; Greens; Violets
• reminiscent of water
• recede (go backwards) away
from the viewer,
• Tend to be calming and
soothing
• Yellow-Green and Red-Violet
can be considered either warm
or cool.

65. COOL

66. NEUTRALS
• also known as
achromatic
color (absence
of color)
• includes grays,
white, black
and sometimes
brown.

67. NEUTRAL
Neutral
schemes are
calming and
unified

68. EARTH TONES
• browns, tans, grays, greens,
oranges, whites, and some reds
• The colors in an earth tone
scheme are muted and flat in an
emulation of the natural colors
found in soil, moss, trees and
rocks
• Many earth tones originate from
clay earth pigments such as
umber, ochre, and sienna

69. EARTH TONES
Earth tone color schemes are warm, muted and
calming

70. Color Meanings
• Red
• Red is the color of fire and blood, so it is associated with energy,
war, danger, strength, power, determination as well as passion,
desire, and love.
• Red is a very emotionally intense color. It enhances human
metabolism, increases respiration rate, and raises blood pressure.
It has very high visibility, which is why stop signs, stoplights, and
fire equipment are usually painted red. In heraldry, red is used to
indicate courage. It is a color found in many national flags.
• Red brings text and images to the foreground. Use it as an accent
color to stimulate people to make quick decisions; it is a perfect
color for 'Buy Now' or 'Click Here' buttons on Internet banners
and websites. In advertising, red is often used to evoke erotic
feelings (red lips, red nails, red-light districts, 'Lady in Red', etc).
Red is widely used to indicate danger (high voltage signs, traffic
lights). This color is also commonly associated with energy, so
you can use it when promoting energy drinks, games, cars, items
related to sports and high physical activity.
• Light red represents joy, sexuality, passion, sensitivity, and love.
Pink signifies romance, love, and friendship. It denotes feminine
qualities and passiveness.
Dark red is associated with vigor, willpower, rage, anger,
leadership, courage, longing, malice, and wrath.
Brown suggests stability and denotes masculine qualities.
Reddish-brown is associated with harvest and fall.

71. Color Meanings
• Orange
• Orange combines the energy of red and the happiness of yellow. It is
associated with joy, sunshine, and the tropics. Orange represents
enthusiasm, fascination, happiness, creativity, determination,
attraction, success, encouragement, and stimulation.
• To the human eye, orange is a very hot color, so it gives the
sensation of heat. Nevertheless, orange is not as aggressive as red.
Orange increases oxygen supply to the brain, produces an
invigorating effect, and stimulates mental activity. It is highly
accepted among young people. As a citrus color, orange is
associated with healthy food and stimulates appetite. Orange is the
color of fall and harvest. In heraldry, orange is symbolic of strength
and endurance.
• Orange has very high visibility, so you can use it to catch attention
and highlight the most important elements of your design. Orange is
very effective for promoting food products and toys.
• Dark orange can mean deceit and distrust.
Red-orange corresponds to desire, sexual passion, pleasure,
domination, aggression, and thirst for action.
Gold evokes the feeling of prestige. The meaning of gold is
illumination, wisdom, and wealth. Gold often symbolizes high
quality.

72. Color Meanings
• Yellow
• Yellow is the color of sunshine. It's associated with joy, happiness,
intellect, and energy.
• Yellow produces a warming effect, arouses cheerfulness, stimulates
mental activity, and generates muscle energy. Yellow is often
associated with food. Bright, pure yellow is an attention getter,
which is the reason taxicabs are painted this color. When overused,
yellow may have a disturbing effect; it is known that babies cry
more in yellow rooms. Yellow is seen before other colors when
placed against black; this combination is often used to issue a
warning. In heraldry, yellow indicates honor and loyalty. Later the
meaning of yellow was connected with cowardice.
• Use yellow to evoke pleasant, cheerful feelings. You can choose
yellow to promote children's products and items related to leisure.
Yellow is very effective for attracting attention, so use it to highlight
the most important elements of your design. Men usually perceive
yellow as a very lighthearted, 'childish' color, so it is not
recommended to use yellow when selling prestigious, expensive
products to men – nobody will buy a yellow business suit or a
yellow Mercedes. Yellow is an unstable and spontaneous color, so
avoid using yellow if you want to suggest stability and safety. Light
yellow tends to disappear into white, so it usually needs a dark color
to highlight it. Shades of yellow are visually unappealing because
they loose cheerfulness and become dingy.
• Dull (dingy) yellow represents caution, decay, sickness, and
jealousy.
Light yellow is associated with intellect, freshness, and joy.

73. Color Meanings
• Green is the color of nature. It symbolizes growth,
harmony, freshness, and fertility. Green has strong
emotional correspondence with safety. Dark green is also
commonly associated with money.
• Green has great healing power. It is the most restful color
for the human eye; it can improve vision. Green suggests
stability and endurance. Sometimes green denotes lack of
experience; for example, a 'greenhorn' is a novice. In
heraldry, green indicates growth and hope. Green, as
opposed to red, means safety; it is the color of free
passage in road traffic.
• Use green to indicate safety when advertising drugs and
medical products. Green is directly related to nature, so
you can use it to promote 'green' products. Dull, darker
green is commonly associated with money, the financial
world, banking, and Wall Street.
• Dark green is associated with ambition, greed, and
jealousy.
Yellow-green can indicate sickness, cowardice, discord,
and jealousy.
Aqua is associated with emotional healing and protection.
Olive green is the traditional color of peace.

74. Color Meanings
• Blue is the color of the sky and sea. It is often associated with
depth and stability. It symbolizes trust, loyalty, wisdom,
confidence, intelligence, faith, truth, and heaven.
• Blue is considered beneficial to the mind and body. It slows
human metabolism and produces a calming effect. Blue is
strongly associated with tranquility and calmness. In heraldry,
blue is used to symbolize piety and sincerity.
• You can use blue to promote products and services related to
cleanliness (water purification filters, cleaning liquids,
vodka), air and sky (airlines, airports, air conditioners), water
and sea (sea voyages, mineral water). As opposed to
emotionally warm colors like red, orange, and yellow; blue is
linked to consciousness and intellect. Use blue to suggest
precision when promoting high-tech products.
• Blue is a masculine color; according to studies, it is highly
accepted among males. Dark blue is associated with depth,
expertise, and stability; it is a preferred color for corporate
America.
• Avoid using blue when promoting food and cooking, because
blue suppresses appetite. When used together with warm
colors like yellow or red, blue can create high-impact, vibrant
designs; for example, blue-yellow-red is a perfect color
scheme for a superhero.
• Light blue is associated with health, healing, tranquility,
understanding, and softness.
Dark blue represents knowledge, power, integrity, and
seriousness.

75. Color Meanings
• Purple combines the stability of blue and the
energy of red. Purple is associated with royalty.
It symbolizes power, nobility, luxury, and
ambition. It conveys wealth and extravagance.
Purple is associated with wisdom, dignity,
independence, creativity, mystery, and magic.
• According to surveys, almost 75 percent of pre-
adolescent children prefer purple to all other
colors. Purple is a very rare color in nature;
some people consider it to be artificial.
• Light purple is a good choice for a feminine
design. You can use bright purple when
promoting children's products.
• Light purple evokes romantic and nostalgic
feelings.
Dark purple evokes gloom and sad feelings. It
can cause frustration.

76. Color Meanings
• White is associated with light, goodness,
innocence, purity, and virginity. It is
considered to be the color of perfection.
• White means safety, purity, and cleanliness.
As opposed to black, white usually has a
positive connotation. White can represent a
successful beginning. In heraldry, white
depicts faith and purity.
• In advertising, white is associated with
coolness and cleanliness because it's the color
of snow. You can use white to suggest
simplicity in high-tech products. White is an
appropriate color for charitable
organizations; angels are usually imagined
wearing white clothes. White is associated
with hospitals, doctors, and sterility, so you
can use white to suggest safety when
promoting medical products. White is often
associated with low weight, low-fat food, and
dairy products.

77. Color Meanings
• Black is associated with power, elegance,
formality, death, evil, and mystery.
• Black is a mysterious color associated with fear
and the unknown (black holes). It usually has a
negative connotation (blacklist, black humor,
'black death'). Black denotes strength and
authority; it is considered to be a very formal,
elegant, and prestigious color (black tie, black
Mercedes). In heraldry, black is the symbol of
grief.
• Black gives the feeling of perspective and depth,
but a black background diminishes readability.
A black suit or dress can make you look thinner.
When designing for a gallery of art or
photography, you can use a black or gray
background to make the other colors stand out.
Black contrasts well with bright colors.
Combined with red or orange – other very
powerful colors – black gives a very aggressive
color scheme.

78. Color Theory and Your
Apartment
• Select color schemes for
the rooms you plan on
creating a concept board/
scale model for
• Use the knowledge and
notes you’ve gathered
today, combined with the
color meanings packet
• Think of what your client
would want to have and
how each room relates to
one another

79. Concept Board Parameters
• fill paper provided
• title with your project title
• at least 3 of your own finished drawings (see specifics under step 5!)
• At least 6 pictures/photographs from internet/magazine/newspaper/etc
• color swatches for the color scheme of your apartment (either paint
chips or created with drawing materials or paper)
• At least 3 textile swatches (real material or find examples; print and
paste on)
• Neat, clean lettering (computer generated is better!)
• Clean, well planned layout
• Professional craftsmanship
• Easily communicates your concept to the class
• All components fit with your brief

80. Directions: Step 1
• Browse the internet;
design magazines; your
design file created
earlier in the year or
take photographs of
things that inspire you
or you would like to
include in your
apartment

81. Directions:
Step 2
• Determine and write down what
textures and materials you are
planning for the apartment (note
that you may have several options
as you have more than 1 room!
Just keep it unified!)
– Flooring – hardwoods; tile; cork;
bamboo; carpet; linoleum; etc.
– Wall Coverings – wallpaper;
fabric; paint; paint effects
(feathering; linen-look painting;
marbling)
– Furniture – upholstered; wood;
plastic; glass; metals

82. Directions: Step 3
• Determine and write down your
focal points/points of emphasis
– What will be your ‘shining stars’ –
pieces of your design that impress
• Focal points can be made with
– Color
– Texture
– Pattern
– Contrast
– Proportion
– Movement

83. Directions: Step 4
• Collect materials
– From the writing you’ve
completed in the previous
steps, collect materials to use
on your concept board
– Can’t find the material? Search
the Internet or magazines for a
high quality image OR create
your own

84. For the rest of the day
• Work on your concept board
• You should be working on step 5 by next
class
• Next class we will finish up your concept
boards
• Following class: begin scale model of your
floor plan

85. Directions: Step 5
• Create your 3 original designs in
pencil
– 1 piece of furniture
– 1 textile pattern -
– 1 accessory; built-in or accent piece
• Fireplace
• Bookshelves
• Chandelier or Light Fixture
• Then complete the designs in
either gouache or colored pencils
• Must be to the highest quality – a
true work of art!

86. Directions: Step 6
• Determine the layout you think is the most
successful for all of the objects you’ve collected
and created – SAVE ROOM FOR PROPER
TITLING AND NOTES
• Think of what you want to emphasize – what is the
focal point of your concept board?
• Plan out how you’ll create movement across the
concept board to keep your client interested in the
variety of samples, drawings and pictures you’ll
have
• Play around with composition to find the best
solution possible – remember that this is an ART
project
• When you are satisfied, affix the objects to the
concept board using either a glue stick or rubber
cement – NOT WHITE GLUE!

88. Directions: Step 7
• Make necessary
annotations (notes) to help
convey your complete
concept
• Title with your apartment
project’s title; the date and
your name
• Use a professional lettering
style – computer generated
and printed is the best!

89. Directions: Step 8
• Fill out the rubric and answer the
reflection questions in complete
sentences on the back of the rubric.
• Reflection Questions:
• Describe with 4 adjectives the design
feel you are trying to convey in your
concept board
• What is highly successful about your
concept board? Nothing is not an
answer.
• What could be changed about your
concept board and how would changing
this improve your concept board?
Nothing is not an answer?