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Colonies and religion
The document summarizes the exploration and colonization of North America by European powers in the 16th-17th centuries. It discusses the Spanish explorers who mapped much of what is now the Southern and Southwestern U.S. It then covers the founding of the New England, Middle, and Southern English colonies in the early 1600s for religious freedom and economic opportunity. The strict religious communities of the New England colonies are contrasted with the more diverse and tolerant societies that emerged in the Middle and Southern colonies.
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Colonies and religion
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- 2. Exploration in theNew World • Trade leads to colonization throughout America – Mostly by Spanish explorers • Ponce de Leon—Florida • Hernan Cortes—Aztec Empire in Mexico • Hernando de Soto—Carolinas, Tennessee, Mississippi River • Francisco Vasquez de Coronado—Kansas, AZ, NM, TX, OK and Grand Canyon • Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo—California (SD & Monterey Bay) from Mexico Monterey Bay San Diego Cortes De Soto De Leon AZ NM TX OK KS FL TN NC SC
- 3. • Explorers setup missions to spread Christianity – 20 in CA by Friar Junipero Serra
- 4. R io G r and e St.LawrenceRive r P A CI FI C O C EA N G u l f o f M e x i c o C a r i b b e a n S e a A T L A N T I C O C EA N The EuropeanColonies, 1650 Dutch settlement English settlement French settlement Spanish settlement 0 500Miles 0 1000Kilometers Swedish settlement ACADIA CANADA NEW ENGLAND NEW NETHERLAND MARYLAND VIRGINIA ST. DOMINGUE CUBA FLORIDA SANTODOMINGO PUERTORICO BERMUDA(Eng.) CURAÇAO(D.) NEW GRANADA BAHAMAS JAMAICA NEW SPAIN NEW SWEDEN
- 5. • French, Dutchbegin exploration and colonization in Americas • British colonize N. America under Elizabeth I – Defeat the Spanish Armada to win land – Roanoke Colony 1st settlement & colony in North America • Established in 1587 by Sir Walter Raleigh who soon leaves • Returns 1590 to colony, no trace of existence – 1606 James I issues charters to London Co. & Plymouth Co. to found and maintain colonies
- 6. • 1607 theVirginia Co. founds colony in Jamestown (first successful colony) – Within the 1st year most die due to exposure & starvation – Helped by Powhatan tribe to farm & grow crops – Shaky relationship with Indians – John Smith & Pocahontas story based on this group – First colonial legislature established—House of Burgesses 1916 – Used indentured servants & slaves
- 7. AmericanColonies COLONY FOUNDED LEADERFIRSTSETTLEMENT Mass. Bay 1630 JohnWinthrop Boston New Hampshire 1623 JohnWheelwright Exeter Connecticut 1636 ThomasHooker Hartford Rhode Island 1636 Roger Williams Providence Delaware 1638 Peter Minuit Wilmington New York 1664 Peter Minuit New York New Jersey 1664 LordBerkeley East Jersey–Carteret Sir Carteret West Jersey–Salem Pennsylvania 1681 WilliamPenn Philadelphia Virginia 1607 JohnSmith Jamestown Maryland 1632 George Calvert St. Mary's NorthCarolina 1663 Groupof eight Albemarle County proprietors SouthCarolina 1663 Groupof eight CharlesTown proprietors (later Charleston) Georgia 1732 JamesOglethorpe Savannah Massachusetts NewEngland Colonies Southern Colonies Middle Colonies COLONY FOUNDED LEADER FIRSTSETTLEMENT Plymouth 1620 WilliamBradford Plymouth
- 8. New England (North)Colonies • Economy largely based on shipping • Settled by Puritans & Pilgrims for religious freedom • 1620—Mayflower reaches Massachusetts • Pilgrims sign Mayflower Compact – Laws to protect general good • Established Plymouth Colony
- 9. Middle Colonies • Economylargely based on farming • New King Charles II repays debts by giving them colonial land – New York, New Jersey, Carolinas (Latin for Charles) and Pennsylvania are privately owned • Drives the Dutch out of their settlement in “New Amsterdam,” or what we call New York
- 10. • Charles IIissues charters & 8 men co-own Carolina – Tensions rise due to different styles of leadership – 1729 King divides land into North & South Carolina • Georgia established as a buffer zone colony by English between Carolinas & Spanish Florida
- 11. The Southern Colonies •Southern colonies were much larger than any others, cities were spaced farther apart – Causes plantations versus farms • Economy largely based on plantations • Plantations could grow cash crops (product grown for sale more than personal use), causes great wealth • South grows to heavily depend on free labor, or slavery, to manage, harvest and run plantations – Diverse population
- 13. • NORTH/NEW ENGLAND •Puritans were those who felt the Anglican church was corrupt and wanted to ‘purify’ it. They were persecuted in England, so they left. – These were the ‘seperatists’ or aka Pilgrims. They founded Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts. • 1620’s more Puritans settle in New England calling it Massachusetts Bay Colony – Eventually absorb the Plymouth colony as well – Felt they would be a “godly example” – Jonathan Winters gives “City on a Hill” speech – Successful colony, but very strict • Government and laws often tied with religious rules…you could be punished for skipping church!
- 14. • Many bookshave been written about this time and place – The Crucible – The Scarlet Letter • The very strict nature of society, and primitive beliefs about natural life led to the hysteria that allowed the trials to occur. • Other causes… – 1. Strong belief that Satan is acting in the world. -"The invisible world": disease, natural catastrophes, and bad fortune – 2. A belief that Satan actively recruits witches and wizards -Prior witchcraft cases – 3. A belief that a person afflicted by witchcraft exhibits certain symptoms. – 4. A time of troubles, making it seem likely that Satan was active. -Congregational strife in Salem Village -Frontier wars with Indians – 5. Stimulation of imaginations by slaves from other countries – 6. Teenage boredom. – 7. Lying – 8. Old feuds (disputes within congregation, property disputes) between the accusers and the accused spurring charges of witchcraft.
- 15. The story… • Thepreacher’s daughter and friend got caught up listening to their slave’s native stories and folklore. • Pretended to be possessed as witches • Accused many prominent women in the community, as well as outcasts, of witchcraft o Some traits of a witch: o Singing o Reading o Not conforming to Puritan law o Not getting along with your neighbor o Spending time alone • Nothing could be proved, but hysteria took over and many women were accused, tried and executed as witches on the word of two teenage girls.
- 16. In the end… oNineteen men and women were hanged, all having been convicted of witchcraft o Another man of over eighty years was pressed to death under heavy stones for refusing to submit to a trial on witchcraft charges o Many languished in jail for months without trials • At least four died in prison • Trials eventually stopped because people began to tire of the subject, the trials and disbelief set in
- 17. • Some disagreedwith the strictness of the Puritans beliefs – Roger Williams spoke out against the punishment of settlers for their religious beliefs. – Williams was arrested and to be sent to England, but escaped • Williams founds Rhode Island with fundamental guarantee of religious freedom and separation of church and state
- 18. • Other dissenterssplit to form new colonies: – Connecticut established by Tom Hooker – Anne Hutchinson was banished for believing that church and elders not necessary for Biblical interpretation…flees to R.I. – New Hampshire in 1638 by Anne’s brother in law – Maryland established in 1634 by George Calvert, 1st Lord of Baltimore – Established as a haven from stricter Puritan & Pilgrim colonies (big surprise!)
- 19. • MIDDLE &SOUTH • William Penn establishes his colony (Pennsylvania) as a haven for Quakers to escape persecution • Middle and South are less strict, and more tolerant. • More diverse groups form there including Baptists, Lutherans, Anglicans, and Jews – Remember that the Southern colonies, and areas like Louisiana and Florida are settled by the French and Spanish…who are Catholic. – Intermarriage between various cultures and ethnicities will spread and change religious beliefs. • Keep in mind, the population of slaves and immigrants is higher, so there is a more diverse set of beliefs