The document summarizes the formation and independence of the United States of America. It describes how the original 13 colonies were established by English settlers in the 17th century who sought religious freedom. Tensions rose between the colonies and British rule in the 18th century as the colonies sought more self-governance and Britain imposed new taxes. This led to the American Revolutionary War and the declaration of independence of the United States from Britain in 1776.

2. Formação e IndependênciaFormação e Independência
dos Estados Unidos dados Estados Unidos da
AméricaAmérica
Reniê Ávila

6. Treze colôniasTreze colônias
 Inglaterra de Jaime I – Perseguidor dosInglaterra de Jaime I – Perseguidor dos
puritanos – sec. XVIIpuritanos – sec. XVII
 Viagem do Mayflower 1620Viagem do Mayflower 1620
 Primeiros colonos – “Primeiros colonos – “Pilgrim fathers”Pilgrim fathers”
 Política doPolítica do selfself governmentgovernment ––
administração local pelos própriosadministração local pelos próprios
colonos, que estabeleciam suas própriascolonos, que estabeleciam suas próprias
leis, normas. Com a mínima interferêncialeis, normas. Com a mínima interferência
da metrópole (Inglaterra)da metrópole (Inglaterra)
 PactoPacto ColonialColonial menos rígido.menos rígido.

7. Modelos de colôniasModelos de colônias
 Colônia deColônia de povoamentopovoamento, ao, ao nortenorte::
MinifúndioMinifúndio
Trabalho livre – assalariadoTrabalho livre – assalariado
PoliculturasPoliculturas
Produção para o mercado interno (nascenteProdução para o mercado interno (nascente
industrialização)industrialização)

8.  ColôniasColônias dede exploraçãoexploração, ao, ao sulsul::
Latifúndio – grande propriedade ruralLatifúndio – grande propriedade rural
MonoculturaMonocultura
Produção voltada para exportaçãoProdução voltada para exportação
Mão-de-obra escravaMão-de-obra escrava
 Crise econômica inglesa provocada pelaCrise econômica inglesa provocada pela
guerra entre França e Inglaterra – Guerraguerra entre França e Inglaterra – Guerra
dos Sete Anos (1756-1763)dos Sete Anos (1756-1763)
 Endurecimento do pacto colonialEndurecimento do pacto colonial

9.  Aumento da exploração da coroa inglesaAumento da exploração da coroa inglesa
sobre os colonos na Américasobre os colonos na América
 Criação de novas leis inglesas = aumentoCriação de novas leis inglesas = aumento
dos impostosdos impostos
 LeiLei dodo açúcaraçúcar - cobrança de impostos- cobrança de impostos
sobre o açúcar não produzido pelassobre o açúcar não produzido pelas
colônias inglesascolônias inglesas
 Lei do seloLei do selo – todos os impresso– todos os impresso
deveriam ser selados com selos vendidosdeveriam ser selados com selos vendidos
pela coletoria metropolitana – livros,pela coletoria metropolitana – livros,
jornais panfletos, documentos etc.jornais panfletos, documentos etc.

10.  LeiLei do aquartelamentodo aquartelamento – obrigação de– obrigação de
fornecer alojamento para as tropasfornecer alojamento para as tropas
inglesasinglesas
 LeiLei dodo cháchá – controle da importação do– controle da importação do
chá pela coroa inglesa.chá pela coroa inglesa.
 IluminismoIluminismo defendia o liberalismodefendia o liberalismo
político e econômico – contra os abusospolítico e econômico – contra os abusos
do Antigo Regimedo Antigo Regime
 Revolução AmericanaRevolução Americana – movimento– movimento
burguêsburguês

11. King James I

12. Landing of the Pilgrim Father Engraved by W H Simmons after a picture by
Charles Lucy.

13. The Departure of The Pilgrim Fathers from Plymouth

16. http://www.mayflowerhistory.com/History/voyage3.php

17. http://www.mayflowerhistory.com/History/voyage3.php

18. Mayflower replica

21. Protestant pilgrims are shown on the deck of the ship Speedwell before their departure
for the New World from Delft Haven, Holland, on July 22, 1620. William Brewster,
holding the Bible, and pastor John Robinson lead Governor Carver, William Bradford,
Miles Standish, and their families in prayer. Robert W. Weir (1803–1890) had studied art
in Italy and taught art at the military academy at West Point.

23. Year Population
1625 1,980
1641 50,000
1688 200,000
1702 270,000
1715 434,600
1749 1,046,000
1754 1,485,634
1765 2,240,000
1775 2,418,000

24. http://sdpb.sd.gov/EducationalServicesGuide/etvprograms/pdf/18thMaps/02%20Orig%2013%20British%20Colonies.jpg

25. The Indian
“Towne of
Pomeiock.”
Watercolor
drawing by John
White, 1585.
Algonquin: village of
Pomeiock

26. Hand-colored version
of Theodor de Bry’s
engraving of the
American Indian town
of Pomeiooc. De Bry’s
engraving, “The
Towne of Pomeiooc,”
was originally
published as an
illustration in Thomas
Hariot’s 1588 book A
Briefe and True
Report of the New

27. American Indian Tribes

28. Pocahontas
Gravura de:
Simon Van de Pass, 1616

29. Painting depicting the marriage ceremony of British colonist John Rolfe (1585 - 1622) to
Native American Pocahontas (1595 - 1617), the daughter of Chief Powhatan of the
Algonquian tribe, in 1614. After a painting by Henry Brueckner, circa 1855. (Kean
Collection/Getty Images)

30. POCAHONTAS, POWHATAN AND
OPECHANCANOUGH, Three Indian
Lives Changed by Jamestown
Author: Helen C. Rountree
Relates the story of early seventeenth-century
Virginia from the point of view of the Native
Americans. Powhatan and his daughter are better
known in history than his younger brother(or half-
brother) who captured John Smith. The story only
lightly touches on the fact that Opechancanough
and possibly Powhatan were part Spanish. The
author does not mention that Openchancanough,
whose Indian name meant " He who has a white
man's soul" might have been educated by the
Jesuits from a nearby Spanish mission named
Ajacan and educated in Spain and Mexico. This
requires further study but,nontheless, the book
sheds more light on this highly influential and
interesting Native American family. Illustrated.
Charlottsville, 2005 University of Virginia Press 1st
Ed., 6 x 9, 292 Pgs., HB.

31. Pocahontas by
Unknown after an
unidentified artist,
English School, after
the 1616 engraving by
Simon van de Passe
(1595 ca.-1647)

32. Pocahontas memorial,
Gravesend (cidade inglesa onde
morreu em 1617).
Pocahontas, esposa do inglês John
Rolfe
http://fredmarkers.umwblogs.org/2008/03/12/kidnapping-of-pocahontas-e-48/

33. "The First Thanksgiving at Plymouth" By Jennie A. Brownscombe. (1914)

34. Jamestown - Virginia 1650

35. Primeiros anos na colônia

36. Valley Forge National Historical Park

41. A classic saltbox type house, outside of Concord, MA

42. Colonial Williamsburg www.history.org/almanack/places/hb/hbpal.cfm

44.  Os colonos ingleses da América defendiam oOs colonos ingleses da América defendiam o
seguinte princípio:seguinte princípio:
““Sem representação não deve haverSem representação não deve haver
taxação”taxação”
 Leis editadas por Charles Townshend em 1767Leis editadas por Charles Townshend em 1767
acirram a crise entre metrópole e colôniaacirram a crise entre metrópole e colônia
 Festa do CháFesta do Chá de Bostonde Boston – ataque da carga– ataque da carga
de chá importado e tributado pela coroade chá importado e tributado pela coroa
inglesa. Os colonos destroem a carga do navioinglesa. Os colonos destroem a carga do navio
ancorado no porto de Bostonancorado no porto de Boston

45.  Congressos da Filadélfia 1774 e 1775 –Congressos da Filadélfia 1774 e 1775 –
reunião dos colonos em busca de soluçãoreunião dos colonos em busca de solução
contra os abusos do rei da Inglaterra.contra os abusos do rei da Inglaterra.
 A solução encontrada pelos colonos foi aA solução encontrada pelos colonos foi a
separação da colônia =separação da colônia = Independência –Independência –
4 de julho de 17764 de julho de 1776
 Guerra com a Inglaterra até 1781 , quandoGuerra com a Inglaterra até 1781 , quando
há o reconhecimento da independência porhá o reconhecimento da independência por
parte da Inglaterra (1783)parte da Inglaterra (1783)
 Surgimento dos Estados Unidos daSurgimento dos Estados Unidos da
AméricaAmérica

46. This iconic 1846 lithograph by Nathaniel Currier was entitled "The Destruction of Tea at
Boston Harbor"; the phrase "Boston Tea Party" had not yet become standard. Contrary
to Currier's depiction, few of the men dumping the tea were actually disguised as
American Indians.

47. W.D. Cooper. "Boston Tea Party.", The History of North America. London: E. Newberry,
1789.

48. Prayer at the Continental Congress - Jacob Duche’ was born JANUARY 31, 1738.
Chaplain Jacob Duch leads the first prayer at the First Continental Congress in
Carpenters’ Hall, Philadelphia, in September 1774

49. Infantry of the Continental
Army.

50. “Washington at Valley Forge”. Painting by Edward P. Moran

51. "The Prayer at Valley Forge" by Arnold Friberg, 1775

52. Valley Forge National Historical Park

53. Cannons in Valley Forge

54. George Washington
By Charles Willson Peale
Oil on canvas, 915/8" x 583/8",
1779

55. Soldiers marching at Mount Vernon on Independence Day

56. Yorktown Battlefield, Colonial
National Historic Park,

57. Yorktown Battlefield, Colonial National Historic Park, Virginia

58. Surrender (rendição inglesa) at Yorktown -With French
Assistance

60. Marquis de Lafayette

61. The British Surrender at Yorktown 19th October 1781

62. Map of the Battle of Yorktown

63. Surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown
by John Trumbull, depicting the British surrendering to French
(left) and American (right) troops. Oil on canvas, 1820.

66. Washington, Lafayette &
Tilghman at Yorktown
Charles Willson Peale (1741-1827)
1784
Oil on canvas Signed lower left:
"C.W.Peale pinxt 1782"

68. King George III
by Sir William Beechey
National Portrait Gallery, London

69. John Trumbull’s painting Surrender of General Burgoyne was commissioned in
1817. The painting depicts the surrender of British General Burgoyne to the
Continental Army at Saratoga, New York, in 1777

70. http://publiusthegeek.files.wordpress.com/2009/09/thomas_paine.jpg
Thomas Paine, autor do panfleto
“Senso comum” que incentivava
a separação das colônias inglesas
na América, da Inglaterra.

71. Congress Voting Independence, a depiction of the Second Continental Congress
voting on the United States Declaration of Independence. Oil on canvas. 1776 -"
Edward Savage and/or Robert Edge Pine" - Historical Society of Pennsylvania

72. Drafted by Thomas
Jefferson between
June 11 and June
28, 1776, as
authorized by the
Continental
Congress, July 2,
1776 with minor
revisions and
released publicly on

73. This is a high-
resolution image of
the United States
Declaration of
Independence (
article | text). This
image is a version
of the 1823 William
Stone facsimile —
Stone may well
have used a wet
pressing process
(that removed ink
from the original
document onto a
contact sheet for
the purpose of
making the

74. Thomas Jefferson
Th. Jefferson, photomechanical print,
created/published [between 1890 and 1940(?)].
Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs
Division, Presidential File. Reproduction Number:
LC-USZC4-2474. This print is a reproduction of the
1805 Rembrandt Peale painting of Thomas
Jefferson held by the New-York Historical Society.
Thomas Jefferson, the
principal author of the
Declaration, argued that
Parliament was a foreign
legislature that was
unconstitutionally trying to
extend its sovereignty into the
colonies.

75. Johannes Adam Simon Oertel. Pulling Down the Statue of King George III, N.Y.C., ca.
1859. The painting is a romantic version of events painted decades after the fact, and
includes a number of historical inaccuracies, including portraying the subject of the
sculpture in contemporary garb, as well as placing women and children at the scene.

76.  Declaração de Independência dos
Estados unidos da America. f
...”Consideramos estas verdades como
evidentes por si mesmas, que todos os
homens foram criados iguais, foram
dotados pelo Criador de certos direitos
inalienáveis, que entre estes estão a vida,
a liberdade e a busca da felicidade.

77. Que a fim de assegurar esses direitos,
governos são instituídos entre os homens,
derivando seus justos poderes do
consentimento dos governados; que,
sempre que qualquer forma de governo se
torne destrutiva de tais fins, cabe ao povo o
direito de alterá-la ou aboli-la e instituir novo
governo, baseando-o em tais princípios e
organizando-lhe os poderes pela forma que
lhe pareça mais conveniente para realizar-
lhe a segurança e a felicidade”...
http://www.embaixada-americana.org.br/index.php?action=materia&id=645&submenu=106&itemmenu=110

78. Signing the Preliminary Treaty of Peace at Paris, November 30,
1782. John Jay and Benjamin Franklin standing at the left.

79. Tratado de Paris 1783
Reconhecimento dos EUA
pela Inglaterra

80. Washington Resigning His Commission, 1783
After the Treaty of Paris, General George Washington presented his resignation to Congress,
meeting in Annapolis, Maryland on December 23, 1783. This is rough engraving, not the more
famous painting by John Trumbull that is displayed in the Rotunda of the U.S. Capitol.

82. 1783 George Washington's resignation as commander in chief at the State House in
Annapolis – 1858 Artist: Edwin White (1817-1877)

84. This is a wonderful illustration showing Betsy Ross and two girls presenting the first
American Flag to George Washington. This flag has 13 stripes, and 13 stars, arranged in
a circular pattern. This is a lovely image of this important point in American History.

85. Ex-colônia – uma grande naçãoEx-colônia – uma grande nação
 Constituição de 1787 – Republicanismo
federalista
 Federalismo- separação entre Estados
e União (EUA como país). Os estados
(unidades da Federação) possuem
algumas leis que são somente estaduais;
Possuindo uma relativa independência
 A Constituição americana está
fundamentada em princípios que respeitam
e valorizam a liberdade do indivíduo.

86.  Imigração – Terra da liberdade
 “Dai-me os seus fatigados, os seus
pobres,
As suas massas encurraladas ansiosas
por respirar liberdade
O miserável refugo das suas costas
apinhadas.
Mandai-me os sem abrigo, os
arremessados pelas tempestades,
Pois eu ergo o meu farol junto ao portal
dourado...” Emma Lazarus

87.  Marcha para o Oeste – expansionismo
 Fatores do expansionismo:
*Descoberta do ouro na Califórnia;
*Tomada terras dos índios à oeste do
Mississipi
*Chegada de imigrantes – Incentivo a
imigração
*Investimento em ferrovias.
 Destino Manifesto – Deus escolheu os
americanos para ocupar e civilizar a
América
Wasp - White Anglo-Saxon Protestant

88.  Mecanismos de incorporação de
terras:
Guerra- expropriação (tomada pela força) –
compra – diplomacia
Ver mapa pág.74
 Terras dos índios –
 ISHI – último índio selvagem americano
 “Enterrem meu coração na curva do rio” –
Dee Brown

89. April 1, 1789
George Washington
is elected President
of the United States
and John Adams
elected Vice
President

91. Scene at the Signing the Constitution of the United States by Howard Chandler Christy

92. George Washington
Author : GILBERT STUART
Date :1795
Technique :Oil on canvas, 77
64 cm
Type :portrait
Form :painting
Location :Metropolitan
Museum of Art, New York

93. Gilbert Stuart (American,
1755-1828). George
Washington, after 1796. Oil on
canvas. 29 1/4 × 24 in. (74.3 x
61 cm). Bequest of Mrs.
Benjamin Ogle Tayloe.
Amir Mohammed Taqi Ajam

94. George Washington delivering his inaugural address before members of the Congress.
Washington delivered this inaugural address April 1789, in the old city hall, New York.

95. Benjamin Franklin,
Governor of Pa., 1785-1788.
Courtesy of Capitol Preservation Committee
http://cpc.state.pa.us and John Rudy Photography
http://www.johnrudy.com
Amir Mohammed Taqi Ajam
http://explorepahistory.com/displayimage.php?imgId=3344

96. Miners hoping to strike it rich during the California Gold Rush at Auburn
Ravine in 1852. (Credit: California State Library)

97. Stampeders near Sheep Camp on the Chilkoot trail. 1897.

98. Miners thawing frozen ground with steam in an underground gold mine lit by candlelight,
Gold Hill, Yukon Territory, ca. 1898 - Alaska

99. Emma Lazarus - American Poet
and Essayist who wrote "The
New Colossus" to aid the
Pedestal Fund Campaign. Her
poem was cast in a bronze
plate placed on the inner wall
of the Pedestal. " Give me your
tired, your poor...".

100. LAZARUS, Emma, poet, born in
New York City, 22 July, 1849; died
there, 19 November, 1887.

102. Pieces uncrated on Liberty Island,
1885.
Structural frame and copper skin, ready for
the last part - the right arm and torch -
outside the Paris Workshop of Gaget,
Gauthier et Cie, ca.1884.

103. BARTHOLDI'S GREAT STATUE OF
"LIBERTY."
DRIVING THE FIRST RIVET
Scientific American, December 31, 1881

104. Structural frame outside the
Paris Workshop of Gaget,
Gauthier et Cie, ca.1880,
Number 25, Chazelles Street.

105. La tête creuse de la statue monumentale
de la Liberté de Frédéric-Auguste
Bartholdi, qui sera offerte aux Etats-unis
en 1886, peut se visiter, pour 5 centimes
ce qui fait dire aux persifleurs que « la
liberté n’a pas de cervelle ».
Voir la statue exposée pour l'exposition unive
www.expositions-universelles.fr

106. Le bras de la statue de la
Liberté dans les ateliers de
Bartholdi, dans le 17ème
arrondissement de Paris,
peut-êre en 1875 ou début
1876.
www.expositions-universelles.fr

107. Paris Workshop of Gaget, Gauthier et Cie, ca.1878. 35 workmen among the forms, parts and pieces of the statue during construction.
Bartholdi stated that during the course of the fabrication of Liberty, more than 300,000 people visited the shop, including General

108. Paris Workshop of Gaget, Gauthier et Cie, ca.1878. Well published photo shows Bartholdi at center inspecting the lath forms. Sequence of construction: Wood
frame, lath, plaster to dimensions of finished surface, then a negative wooden mold was built into which the copper surfaces were pressed, formed, and
hammered. Copper pieces were then riveted to each other, attached to the wrought iron supports, and hung on the structural iron frame.

109. Le 28 octobre 1885, en présence de
Bartholdi, de Lesseps et du
Président des États-unis Grover
Cleveland, le monument fut inauguré
sous le nom de Statue of Liberty
Enlightening the World (La Liberté
éclairant le Monde). Plus d'un million
de personnes assistaient à la
cérémonie.
http://www.new-york-decouverte.com/down

110. En vue rapprochée, l'assemblage des plaques de cuivre représentant le manteau
drapant la Statue de la Liberté.

111. http://lh6.ggpht.com/_b0XkSTO8-e8/RlyoYTOYt8I/AAAAAAAAAzM/_bF_bo9ma5w/liberty+book.JPG

112. http://lh5.ggpht.com/_qA-8xuhBdJg/Ro8TpT6gi7I/AAAAAAAAARc/yO1kUoBFUOk/Trip_+468.jpg

113. Sa situation, à l'entrée du port de New York fit d'elle le symbole du Nouveau Monde,
non seulement pour les touristes fortunés qui se rendaient en voyage en Amérique,
mais surtout pour les milliers d'immigrants qui accostaient sur cette Terre Promise.

114. http://www.flickr.com/photos/auburnnewyork/3709222667/sizes/l/
http://i.pbase.com/g4/53/688553/2/64834929.YF1O1fDQ.jpg

116. http://www.flickr.com/photos/axiepics/2932889567/sizes/l/
Liberty torch

117. http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/840909.jpg

119. http://mappery.com/maps/Statue-of-Liberty-National-Monument-Map.mediumthumb.jpg
Statue of Liberty National Monument Map

120. http://photocompetition.upclive.com/original/554257/liberty_island__ellis_island___manhatten/statue_of_liberty_liberty_island_ellis_island_manhatten_new_york.jpg

121. Immigrant luggage -Ellis Island Museum

122. Immigrants waiting to be transferred, Ellis Island, October 30, 1912

123. English family at Ellis Island (Photograph by Augustus Sherman)
http://www.dnalc.org/view/11489-English-family-at-Ellis-Island-Photograph-by-Augustus-Sherman-.html

125. Slovenian Gypsy family arriving at Ellis Island, by Augustus Sherman, 1910

126. This 1926 photograph
shows a young Italian
immigrant at Ellis Island.
http://www.inamericabooks.com/igdetail.php?contentid=126&type=PHOT&ig=1

127. New immigrants arriving at Ellis Island. At Ellis they will be "processed"
before they are allowed to continue their journey to find a new home

128. Awaiting examination, Ellis Island

129. http://academic.evergreen.edu/curricular/summerwork/images/Hine,%20Lewis/

130. http://maxkade.blogspot.com/

132. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/media/96185/Ellis-Island
Ellis Island

133. As 13 colônias e os
primeiros territórios
conquistados no oeste.

134. Expansão americana rumo ao oeste.

135. http://picturinghistory.gc.cuny.edu/wp-content/uploads/boone-kentucky1.jpg
William Ranney, Daniel Boone's First View of Kentucky, 1849

136. George Caleb Bingham, Daniel Boone Escorting Settlers Through the
Cumberland Gap, 1851

137. Thomas Moran, Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, 1872, oil on canvas.
Smithsonian American Art Museum

138. W.H.D. Koerner, "The Madonna
of the Prairie" 1921

139. John Gast, "American Progress" (1872).

140.  Esta pintura (cerca 1872) de John Gast
chamada Progresso Americano é uma
representação alegórica do Destino Manifesto. Na
cena, uma mulher angelical, algumas vezes
identificada como Colúmbia, (uma personificação dos
Estados Unidos do século XIX) carregando a luz da
"civilização" juntamente a colonizadores americanos,
prendendo cabos telégrafo por onde passa. Há
também Índios Americanos e animais selvagens do
oeste "oficialmente" sendo afugentados pela
personagem.
 Destino Manifesto: "A expansão dos Estados
Unidos sobre o continente americano, desde
o Ártico até a América do Sul, é o destino de nossa
raça (...) e nada pode detê-la". Presidente James
Buchanan, no discurso de sua posse em 1857

141. Albert Bierstadt, "Emigrants Crossing the Plains" (1867).

143. Yahi translator Sam Batwai, Alfred L.
Kroeber, and Ishi, photographed at
Parnassus in 1911. Image courtesy of
UC Berkeley, Phoebe Hearst Museum
of Anthropology.

144. Ishi in Two Worlds - A Biography of the Last Wild Indian in North America, Theodora
Kroeber
http://cimcc.mediabend.com/assets/movie/image_ishi_suit.jpg

145. Ishi - Circa. 1914

147. http://cimcc.mediabend.com/assets/movie/image_15-5782.jpg

148. http://cimcc.mediabend.com/ass

149. http://cimcc.mediabend.com/assets/movie/image_15-5706.jpg

150. http://cimcc.mediabend.com/assets/movie/image_15-5399.jpg

151. União Ameaçada
 Diferenças econômicas e políticas
entre o Sul e o Norte
 Sul= Agrícola, exportador (para a Europa)
e escravocrata e conservador (Partido
Democrata)
 Norte=Industrial, com produção voltada
para o mercado interno = Proteção
alfandegária (protecionista). Abolicionistas -
a escravidão deveria ser combatida.

152.  Ao Sul interessava as baixas tarifas
alfandegárias para importar os produtos
industriais europeus e servir como mercado
de seus produtos agrícolas. A manutenção
da escravidão era essencial para esta
economia.
 Ao Norte interessava as altas tarifas
alfandegárias. Para forçar o Sul a ser
consumidor dos produtos industriais do
Norte.
 Eleição de Abraham Lincoln (republicano)
em 1861

153.  Dois fatores causadores da divisão
entre o Norte e o Sul: Tarifas
alfandegárias e escravidão(?).
 Guerra da Secessão – separação,
independência (do Sul) por não concordar
com o Norte.
 Confederados (Sul) X União (Norte)
 Conseqüências: 600mil mortos – Sentimento
racista
 Ku Klux Klan – defesa da supremacia branca

154. Abraham Lincoln

155. http://www.shmoop.com/media/players/Hist00030/Hist00030_Abraham_Lincoln02.jpg

156. Lincoln's funeral on
Pennsylvania Ave.
Library of Congress
Prints and Photographs
Division Washington,
D.C. 20540 USA

157. Map of the United States in 1864, showing the division during the Civil War.
Union states, including those admitted during the war
Union states that permitted slavery
Confederate States
Territories

158. Color lithograph from 1896
showing four versions of the flag of
the Confederate States of
America. Standing at the center
are Stonewall Jackson, P. G. T.
Beauregard, and Robert E. Lee,
surrounded by bust portraits of
Jefferson Davis and Confederate
Army officers. Clockwise from
upper-left corner: Gen. Braxton
Bragg, Gen. P. T. Beauregard,
Jefferson Davis, Alexander H.
Stephens, Lt. Gen. T.J. Jackson,
Gen S. Price, Lt. Gen Polk, Lt.
Gen Hardee, Gen J.E.B. Stuart,
Gen J.E. Johnston, Lt. Gen Kirby
Smith, John H. Morgan, Albert
Sidney Johnston, Gen. Wade
Hampton, Gen John B. Gordon, Lt.
Gen Longstreet, Gen A.P. Hill,
Gen Hood.
Heróis Confederados
e bandeiras

159. http://www.archives.gov/research/civil-war/photos/images/civil-war-035.jpg

160. Union infantry posing for unit photograph

161. http://www.general-anaesthesia.com/images/civil-war.jpg
American Civil War (1861-65)

162. http://www.semp.us/images/Biot640PhotoB.jpg

163. Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Three Confederate prisoners.1863 july
Reference: Civil War photographs, 1861-1865 / compiled by Hirst D. Milhollen and Donald H. Mugridge, Washington, D.C. : Library of Congress, 1977. No.
0207

164. Union troops in parade form
http://www.redbadgeofcourage.org/formation2.jpg

165. Petersburg, Va. Company H, 114th Pennsylvania Infantry (Zouaves). Photograph from
the main eastern theater of war, the siege of Petersburg, June 1864-April 1865.
www.armchairgeneral.com/american-civil-war

166. The Peninsula, Va.
A 12-pdr. howitzer
gun captured by
Butterfield’s
Brigade near
Hanover Court
House, May 27,
1862. Photograph
from the main
eastern theater of
war, the Peninsular
Campaign, May-
August 1862.
Photograph of a
gun captured by
12th Maine and
17th New York
Infantry
www.armchairgeneral.com/american-civil-war

168. americancivilwar.com/statepic
Black refugees

169. http://49thvirginiainfantry.com/Log%20hut%20company%20kitchen.jpg

170. http://www.sonofthesouth.net/leefoundation/Antietam/dead-soldier-antietam.jpg

171. http://amhist.ist.unomaha.edu/module_files/soldiers.jpg

172. Sharpsburg, Maryland (1862) captured by photographer Alexander Gardner

173. Gettysburg, Pa.
Dead Confederate
soldiers in "the devil's
den." LOC Digital
Ref#: (LC-B811-
0277A) Gardner,
Alexander, 1821-
1882, photographer.

174. Amputation U.S. field hospital

175. http://www.civil-war.net/cw_images/files/images/262.jpg
Dead Soldiers in the Wheatfield Near Emmittsburg Road - Gettysburg PA, July
http://www.civil-war.net/cw_images/files/casualties.htm

176. Bodies of Confederate Dead Gathered for Burial - Antietam, MD, September 1862
http://www.civil-war.net/cw_images/files/casualties.htm

177. Washington, D.C., vicinity. 17th New York Battery, with horses harnessed to guns.
www.armchairgeneral.com/american-civil-war

178. Brandy Station, Va., vicinity. Camp of 18th
Pennsylvania Cavalry, 3d Division, Cavalry Corps.
www.armchairgeneral.com/american-civil-war

179. April 1865. Ruins
of the State
Arsenal at
Richmond showing
stacked and
scattered
ammunition. From
photographs of the
main Eastern
theater of war after
the fall of
Richmond,
compiled by Hirst
Milhollen and
Donald Mugridge.

180. http://www.old-picture.com/civil-war/pictures/Ordnance-Civil-War.jpg
Broadway Landing, Appomattox River, Virginia. 1865

181. Yorktown, Virginia Federal artillery park. It was made between 1860 and 1865.

182. Six officers of the 17th New York Battery. www.armchairgeneral.com/american-civil-war

183. http://www.libraryjournal.com/articles/blog/1100000310/20080514/LincMcClel01132v.jpg

184. Mount Rushmore, Black Hills of South Dakota - Sculptor Gutzon Borglum

185. "Colored" Water Cooler, 1939
Man drinking from a segregated water cooler in an Oklahoma City street car terminal.
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, July 1939.
Photograph by Russell Lee.
Copyprint. Farm Security Administration/Office of War Information Collection,

187. http://en.epochtimes.com/news_images/2005-1-16-mlk.jpg

188. Civil rights demonstrator being attacked by police dogs, May 3, 1963,
Birmingham, Ala. Bill Hudson/AP

189. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan

190. A Ku Klux Klan march on East Main Street in Ashland in the 1920s. Part of the Klan
philosophy of "100 percent Americanism" rested on the belief in the superiority of native-
born, English-speaking Americans. Under the Klan's influence, the Oregon Legislature
passed an Alien Property Act in 1923, a measure directed at immigrant Japanese in
Portland and the Hood River Valley, which prohibited immigrants from owning or leasing
land. The same Legislature also petitioned Congress to restrict Asian immigration to the
U.S.

191. Rosa Parks is fingerprinted by Deputy Sheriff D.H. Lackey in Montgomery, Ala., during
her indictment for organizing a boycott, Feb. 22, 1956. Mrs. Parks' act of civil
disobedience and refusal to give up her seat to a white passenger in Dec. 1955
sparked the Montgomery bus boycott.

192. [img]http://www.princeton.edu/~bsu/New%20Pictures/Rosa%20Parks.jpg[/img]
http://top20search.biz/pictures/24-rosa-parks-pictures.html

193. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/97/
Rosaparks_1964.jpg

194. Fim

195. Anúncios nos EUA revelando
racismo

202. Klondike, Sheep
Camp, Alaska. c. 1898
stereograph.

203. Courtney’s Store and
Post Office at Sheep
Camp on the Chilkoot
Trail in Alaska, circa
1898.

204. The Treaty of Penn with the Indians- Benjamin West 1771 –
Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, Philadelphia

205. United States map of 1861, show affiliation of states and territories regarding the
Secession War (Civil War.) Legend:
States that seceded before April 15, 1861
States that seceded after April 15, 1861
Union states that permitted slavery
Union states that forbade slavery
Territories, unaffiliated

206. The Union: blue, yellow (slave); The Confederacy: brown
*territories in light shades; control of Confederate territories disputed

207. George Washington Carver (front row, center) poses with fellow staff members at
the Tuskegee Institute. State of Alabama. 1902
http://www.omurtlak.com/resim.php?
resim=http://memory.loc.gov/service/pnp/ppmsca/05600/05633v.jpg

211. http://www.americanlynching.com/images/28482.jpg
Below is a picture of a lynching that took place in Duluth back in the 1920s
The three dead Black men were innocent to the charges of raping a White woman. The
court system treated the White men lightly for the crime. Read more about the Duluth
lynchings.

212. A Ku Klux Klan initiation ceremony, 1920s.
© Jack Benton—Hulton Archive/Getty Images
http://www.britannica.com/bps/image/324086/92182/A-Ku-Klux-Klan-initiation-ceremony-1920s

213. Rush
Gold

215. [Washington, D.C. Adjusting the ropes for hanging the conspirators]
Abe Lincoln -

216. Gold Rush California

217. East of California’s Sierra Nevada, north of Mono Lake lies the abandoned mining town
of Bodie, California. Bodie boomed after the discovery of gold ore in the 1870s, by 1920
the town was in a steep and never-reversed decline.

218. Native American - Morning Vigil