The document provides an overview of the history of European colonization of North America, beginning with early Native American settlements over 12,000 years ago. It discusses the establishment of Jamestown as the first successful English colony in 1607, and its struggles during the "Starving Time" before turning to success through the cultivation of tobacco. It also notes the introduction of slavery to the English colonies in the 1660s and the founding of other colonies along the East Coast through the 17th century.

1. INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

2. Leif Ericson and the Vikings?Leif Ericson and the Vikings?

3. L’Anse aux Meadows inL’Anse aux Meadows in
NewfoundlandNewfoundland

4. Restoration of L’Anse auxRestoration of L’Anse aux
MeadowsMeadows

5. Christopher Columbus?Christopher Columbus?

6. Jamestown, Virginia?Jamestown, Virginia?
(the first successful English colony)(the first successful English colony)

7. Models for M C HammerModels for M C Hammer
at early Jamestownat early Jamestown

8. The American Revolution?The American Revolution?

9. Who were the first Americans andWho were the first Americans and
when did they arrive?when did they arrive?
Aleuts (aka Eskimos) arrived in
what is now Alaska about 12,000 to
20,000 years ago

10. The first Americans were fromThe first Americans were from
Siberia?!Siberia?!

11. Early Americans were in the StoneEarly Americans were in the Stone
Age, technologicallyAge, technologically
Stone Age hand axes
Stone Age hunter (original color
photo from 12,000 BC, taken with
Stony digital camera)

12. Early Americans migrated throughEarly Americans migrated through
the ice fields of North America . . .the ice fields of North America . . .

13. Part of the ice field still exists, stillPart of the ice field still exists, still
1,000 feet thick1,000 feet thick

14. . . . through Central and South. . . through Central and South
AmericaAmerica

15. North American Plains IndiansNorth American Plains Indians

16. Many varieties of Indians by 1492Many varieties of Indians by 1492
Central
America
Brazil
Florida New Mexico
BrazilBrazil

17. EUROPEANEUROPEAN
DISCOVERY ANDDISCOVERY AND
COLONIZATIONCOLONIZATION

18. Gold, Glory, and GodGold, Glory, and God
Gold from the New World Glory for the mother
country
Bringing God to the Indians

19. New World claimed by severalNew World claimed by several
European countriesEuropean countries
Portuguese in Brazil
Spanish in North,
Central, and South
America
Russians in Alaska
(1740s)
French in Canada
and Louisiana
Several nations
in Caribbean

20. English colonies of North AmericaEnglish colonies of North America

21. Three types of colonial governmentThree types of colonial government
Royal: owned and controlled by king/queenRoyal: owned and controlled by king/queen
Corporate: owned by settlers’ corporationCorporate: owned by settlers’ corporation
Proprietary: owned by individual or small groupProprietary: owned by individual or small group

22. Roanoke Island: first EnglishRoanoke Island: first English
attempt at colonization failsattempt at colonization fails
(1584-1587)(1584-1587)

23. The “Lost Colony” of RoanokeThe “Lost Colony” of Roanoke
Sir Walter Raleigh, fancy
dresser and founder
of the colony of Roanoke
Only clue to disappearance of
colonists: the word “Croatoan”

24. The thirteen original coloniesThe thirteen original colonies

25. Jamestown, VirginiaJamestown, Virginia (1607)(1607)
The first successful English colonyThe first successful English colony

26. Virginia, the First English ColonyVirginia, the First English Colony
(1607)(1607)
 Founded by the Virginia CompanyFounded by the Virginia Company (1607)(1607)
 Mistakes and problems at JamestownMistakes and problems at Jamestown
 John Smith to the rescueJohn Smith to the rescue (1608-09)(1608-09)
 ““The Starving Time”The Starving Time” (1609-10)(1609-10)
 Indian wars and massacresIndian wars and massacres (1611, 1622)(1611, 1622)
 Failure turns into successFailure turns into success (1612-)(1612-)
 Birth of slavery in the English coloniesBirth of slavery in the English colonies
(1660s)(1660s)

27. King James IKing James I

28. Early JamestownEarly Jamestown
Established on low, swampy, unhealthy site

29. Virginia, the first English colonyVirginia, the first English colony
(1607)(1607)
 Founded by the Virginia CompanyFounded by the Virginia Company (1607)(1607)
 Mistakes and problems at JamestownMistakes and problems at Jamestown
 John Smith to the rescueJohn Smith to the rescue (1608-09)(1608-09)
 ““The Starving Time”The Starving Time” (1609-10)(1609-10)
 Indian wars and massacresIndian wars and massacres (1611, 1622)(1611, 1622)
 Failure turns into successFailure turns into success (1612-)(1612-)
 Birth of slavery in the English coloniesBirth of slavery in the English colonies
(1660s)(1660s)

30. ““Smith – John Smith”Smith – John Smith”
The James Bond of the 1600sThe James Bond of the 1600s

31. Like James Bond, taken in andLike James Bond, taken in and
protected by half-naked womenprotected by half-naked women

32. Like James Bond, a knight inLike James Bond, a knight in
shining armor who always wonshining armor who always won

33. Virginia, the first English colonyVirginia, the first English colony
(1607)(1607)
 Founded by the Virginia CompanyFounded by the Virginia Company (1607)(1607)
 Mistakes and problems at JamestownMistakes and problems at Jamestown
 John Smith to the rescueJohn Smith to the rescue (1608-09)(1608-09)
 ““The Starving Time”The Starving Time” (1609-10)(1609-10)
 Indian wars and massacresIndian wars and massacres (1611, 1622)(1611, 1622)
 Failure turns into successFailure turns into success (1612-)(1612-)
 Birth of slavery in the English coloniesBirth of slavery in the English colonies
(1660s)(1660s)

34. Wars with the local Indians, includingWars with the local Indians, including
two massacrestwo massacres (1611, 1622)(1611, 1622)

35. Virginia, the first English colonyVirginia, the first English colony
(1607)(1607)
 Founded by the Virginia CompanyFounded by the Virginia Company (1607)(1607)
 Mistakes and problems at JamestownMistakes and problems at Jamestown
 John Smith to the rescueJohn Smith to the rescue (1608-09)(1608-09)
 ““The Starving Time”The Starving Time” (1609-10)(1609-10)
 Indian wars and massacresIndian wars and massacres (1611, 1622)(1611, 1622)
 Failure turns into successFailure turns into success (1612-)(1612-)
 Birth of slavery in the English coloniesBirth of slavery in the English colonies
(1660s)(1660s)

36. From failure to successFrom failure to success
 Developed tobacco as a cash cropDeveloped tobacco as a cash crop (1612)(1612)
 Developed the first representativeDeveloped the first representative
legislature in the New Worldlegislature in the New World (1619)(1619)
 Taken over by King James I and made aTaken over by King James I and made a
royal colonyroyal colony (1624)(1624)

37. John RolfeJohn Rolfe
Cartoon character, farmer, husbandCartoon character, farmer, husband
Putting the moves
on Pocahontas
Experimenting
with tobacco
Marrying Pocahontas

38. PocahontasPocahontas

39. From failure to successFrom failure to success
 Developed tobacco as a cash cropDeveloped tobacco as a cash crop (1612)(1612)
 Developed the first representativeDeveloped the first representative
legislature in the New Worldlegislature in the New World (1619)(1619)
 Taken over by King James I and made aTaken over by King James I and made a
royal colonyroyal colony (1624)(1624)

40. Virginia, the first English colonyVirginia, the first English colony
(1607)(1607)
 Founded by the Virginia CompanyFounded by the Virginia Company (1607)(1607)
 Mistakes and problems at JamestownMistakes and problems at Jamestown
 John Smith to the rescueJohn Smith to the rescue (1608-09)(1608-09)
 ““The Starving Time”The Starving Time” (1609-10)(1609-10)
 Indian wars and massacresIndian wars and massacres (1611, 1622)(1611, 1622)
 Failure turns into successFailure turns into success (1612-)(1612-)
 Birth of slavery in the English coloniesBirth of slavery in the English colonies
(1660s)(1660s)

41. First Africans landed at JamestownFirst Africans landed at Jamestown
in 1619in 1619

42. The thirteen original coloniesThe thirteen original colonies

43. Colonies in New EnglandColonies in New England

44. PlymouthPlymouth (1620)(1620)
 Settled by the Pilgrims (aka Separatists) to escapeSettled by the Pilgrims (aka Separatists) to escape
religious persecutionreligious persecution
 The Mayflower CompactThe Mayflower Compact
 The First Thanksgiving? (nope)The First Thanksgiving? (nope)
 Eventually absorbed into MassachusettsEventually absorbed into Massachusetts (1691)(1691)

45. The First Thanksgiving?The First Thanksgiving?
Pilgrims and friendly Indians celebrate in 1621

46. Earlier ThanksgivingsEarlier Thanksgivings
 Native American tribes had similarNative American tribes had similar
celebrations for hundreds of yearscelebrations for hundreds of years
 Spanish explorers near El PasoSpanish explorers near El Paso (1598)(1598)
 English settlers at JamestownEnglish settlers at Jamestown (1619)(1619)

47. The thirteen original coloniesThe thirteen original colonies

48. Colonies in New EnglandColonies in New England

49. MassachusettsMassachusetts (1630)(1630)
 Settled by the Puritans for religious reasonsSettled by the Puritans for religious reasons
 Started on a much larger scaleStarted on a much larger scale
 Spun off other colonies in New EnglandSpun off other colonies in New England
 Second only to Virginia in wealth and powerSecond only to Virginia in wealth and power

50. The thirteen original coloniesThe thirteen original colonies

51. New YorkNew York (1624 or 1664)(1624 or 1664)
 Settled by the Dutch for riches and empireSettled by the Dutch for riches and empire (1624)(1624)
Fur tradersFur traders
Farmers (patroons)Farmers (patroons)
 Captured by the EnglishCaptured by the English (1664)(1664)
 Duke of York = proprietorDuke of York = proprietor
 Along with Virginia, Pennsylvania, &Along with Virginia, Pennsylvania, &
Massachusetts, one of the larger colonies by 1776Massachusetts, one of the larger colonies by 1776

52. The purchase of Manhattan Island:The purchase of Manhattan Island:
Indians scam the EuropeansIndians scam the Europeans (1626)(1626)

53. New YorkNew York (1624 or 1664)(1624 or 1664)
 Settled by the Dutch for riches and empireSettled by the Dutch for riches and empire (1624)(1624)
Fur tradersFur traders
Farmers (patroons)Farmers (patroons)
 Captured by the EnglishCaptured by the English (1664)(1664)
 Duke of York = proprietorDuke of York = proprietor
 Along with Virginia, Pennsylvania, &Along with Virginia, Pennsylvania, &
Massachusetts, one of the larger colonies by 1776Massachusetts, one of the larger colonies by 1776

54. The Duke of York:The Duke of York:
proprietor and fashion victimproprietor and fashion victim

55. The thirteen original coloniesThe thirteen original colonies

56. PennsylvaniaPennsylvania (1682)(1682)
 Founded by William Penn as a religiousFounded by William Penn as a religious
haven for the Society of Friends (Quakers)haven for the Society of Friends (Quakers)
 Frame of GovernmentFrame of Government (1682)(1682)
 Quakers eventually outnumbered by non-Quakers eventually outnumbered by non-
QuakersQuakers

57. William PennWilliam Penn
Proprietor of PennsylvaniaProprietor of Pennsylvania
Notice any similarity?

58. Quaker women allowed to speakQuaker women allowed to speak
up in religious services!up in religious services!

59. The Quakers were moreThe Quakers were more
enlightened than their dogs.enlightened than their dogs.

60. Penn’sPenn’s Frame of GovernmentFrame of Government

61. The thirteen original coloniesThe thirteen original colonies

62. GeorgiaGeorgia (1733)(1733)
 Founded by wealthy EnglishFounded by wealthy English
philanthropists, led by James Oglethorpephilanthropists, led by James Oglethorpe
 Motives for settlement of GeorgiaMotives for settlement of Georgia
 Dreamy, idealistic motives mostly failedDreamy, idealistic motives mostly failed
 Became royal colonyBecame royal colony (1753)(1753)

63. The Trustees (aka proprietors) ofThe Trustees (aka proprietors) of
GeorgiaGeorgia
James OglethorpeJames Oglethorpe
The London Trustees meet Indians from GeorgiaThe London Trustees meet Indians from Georgia

64. Silk worms were supposed toSilk worms were supposed to
support the settlers of Georgiasupport the settlers of Georgia
Silk worms eat mulberry leavesSilk worms eat mulberry leaves A mulberry leaf’s view ofA mulberry leaf’s view of
a silk worma silk worm

65. GeorgiaGeorgia (1733)(1733)
 Founded by wealthy EnglishFounded by wealthy English
philanthropists, led by James Oglethorpephilanthropists, led by James Oglethorpe
 Motives for settlement of GeorgiaMotives for settlement of Georgia
 Dreamy, idealistic motives mostly failedDreamy, idealistic motives mostly failed
 Became royal colonyBecame royal colony (1753)(1753)

66. THE COLONIES AS PARTTHE COLONIES AS PART
OF THE ENGLISH EMPIREOF THE ENGLISH EMPIRE

67. MercantilismMercantilism
 Definition: an economic system to increase nationalDefinition: an economic system to increase national
wealth and power by heavy government regulationwealth and power by heavy government regulation
and control of the nation’s economyand control of the nation’s economy
 Aim: accumulate gold and silverAim: accumulate gold and silver
 Three elements:Three elements:
National self-sufficiencyNational self-sufficiency
Favorable balance of tradeFavorable balance of trade
Monopoly of trade in own empireMonopoly of trade in own empire

68. Enumerated commoditiesEnumerated commodities
sugarsugar cottoncotton
indigoindigo
tobaccotobacco

69. Shipbuilding in EnglandShipbuilding in England

70. No direct trade from other EuropeanNo direct trade from other European
countries to English coloniescountries to English colonies

71. THE ANGLO-FRENCHTHE ANGLO-FRENCH
CONFLICTCONFLICT (1680s-1780s)(1680s-1780s)

72. British and French struggle forBritish and French struggle for
control of North Americacontrol of North America

73. Competition for dominanceCompetition for dominance
between British and Frenchbetween British and French
Forming allies through tradeForming allies through trade
Building fortsBuilding forts
Fighting warsFighting wars

74. Five warsFive wars (1680s-1780s)(1680s-1780s)
 King William’s WarKing William’s War (1689-97)(1689-97)
 Queen Anne’s WarQueen Anne’s War (1702-13)(1702-13)
 King George’s WarKing George’s War (1740-48)(1740-48)
 French & Indian WarFrench & Indian War (1754-63)(1754-63)
 American War for IndependenceAmerican War for Independence (1776-83)(1776-83)

75. Iroquois warriorsIroquois warriors

76. Treaty of UtrechtTreaty of Utrecht (1713)(1713)
France loses territory in CanadaFrance loses territory in Canada
page178.jpg

77. French & Indian War begins inFrench & Indian War begins in
southwest Pennsylvaniasouthwest Pennsylvania (1754)(1754)
page173.jpg

78. Where the French & Indian WarWhere the French & Indian War
began: Fort Necessity in PAbegan: Fort Necessity in PA

79. Prime Minister William PittPrime Minister William Pitt

80. The Battle of QuebecThe Battle of Quebec (1759)(1759)

81. French & Indian War removesFrench & Indian War removes
French from North AmericaFrench from North America (1763)(1763)

82. Ad for Franklin’s Plan of UnionAd for Franklin’s Plan of Union

83. THE AMERICANTHE AMERICAN
REVOLUTION AS ANREVOLUTION AS AN
AFTERMATH OF THEAFTERMATH OF THE
FRENCH & INDIAN WARFRENCH & INDIAN WAR

84. The French RevolutionThe French Revolution (1789-99)(1789-99)

85. The Bolshevik Revolution in RussiaThe Bolshevik Revolution in Russia
(1917)(1917)

86. The Chinese RevolutionThe Chinese Revolution (1949)(1949)

87. Protesting the writs of assistanceProtesting the writs of assistance

88. Patrick Henry, denouncer of thePatrick Henry, denouncer of the
royal vetoroyal veto

89. The French threat is goneThe French threat is gone

90. Colonists protest British taxesColonists protest British taxes

91. THE EVENTS LEADINGTHE EVENTS LEADING
TO THE REVOLUTIONTO THE REVOLUTION

92. One of several stampsOne of several stamps
of the infamous Stamp Actof the infamous Stamp Act (1765)(1765)

93. ““Can you believe this #x~+$!”Can you believe this #x~+$!”

94. ““Damn if I pay that tax!”Damn if I pay that tax!”

95. Collecting the Townshend taxesCollecting the Townshend taxes
could get you tarred and featheredcould get you tarred and feathered

96. The “Boston massacre”The “Boston massacre”

97. Resistance to the Tea ActResistance to the Tea Act

98. Coercive (aka Intolerable) ActsCoercive (aka Intolerable) Acts
 Boston Port ActBoston Port Act: closed port of Boston: closed port of Boston
 Justice ActJustice Act: moved some trials to England: moved some trials to England
 Government ActGovernment Act: focused power on governor: focused power on governor
 Quartering ActQuartering Act: required colonists to provide: required colonists to provide
housing in their homes for British soldiershousing in their homes for British soldiers

99. A political cartoon protesting theA political cartoon protesting the
Intolerable ActsIntolerable Acts

100. The 1The 1stst
Continental Congress metContinental Congress met
in Philadelphia’s Carpenter’s Hallin Philadelphia’s Carpenter’s Hall

101. The midnight ride of Paul RevereThe midnight ride of Paul Revere
(and Samuel Prescott and William Dawes)(and Samuel Prescott and William Dawes)

102. The shooting startsThe shooting starts
at Lexington and Concordat Lexington and Concord

103. The “battle” of LexingtonThe “battle” of Lexington

104. Battle of Bunker HillBattle of Bunker Hill

105. British soldiers march up the hill inBritish soldiers march up the hill in
the Battle of Bunker Hillthe Battle of Bunker Hill

106. Thomas Paine and his pamphletThomas Paine and his pamphlet

107. Amendments to Jefferson’s draft ofAmendments to Jefferson’s draft of
the Declaration of Independencethe Declaration of Independence

108. Jefferson and his committee presentJefferson and his committee present
the Declaration of Independencethe Declaration of Independence
to Congressto Congress

109. Was the American RevolutionWas the American Revolution
“conservative”?“conservative”?
Purpose: toPurpose: to hold ontohold onto, to, to keepkeep, to, to preservepreserve the oldthe old
ways (pre-1750s) before all the recent troublesways (pre-1750s) before all the recent troubles
No taxation without representationNo taxation without representation
No strict enforcement of trade lawsNo strict enforcement of trade laws
No aggressive searchesNo aggressive searches
No king’s veto of colonial lawsNo king’s veto of colonial laws
No quartering of British soldiers in homesNo quartering of British soldiers in homes

110. THE AMERICAN WARTHE AMERICAN WAR
OF INDEPENDENCEOF INDEPENDENCE

111. Von Steuben curses his AmericanVon Steuben curses his American
students at Valley Forgestudents at Valley Forge

112. The Marquis de Lafayette: a majorThe Marquis de Lafayette: a major
general at age 20general at age 20

113. The first U.S. constitution:The first U.S. constitution:
The Articles of ConfederationThe Articles of Confederation

114. Washington crosses the DelawareWashington crosses the Delaware
River on his way toRiver on his way to
the Battle of Trentonthe Battle of Trenton

115. George and the Americans kickGeorge and the Americans kick
some Hessian butt at Trentonsome Hessian butt at Trenton

116. Horatio Gates and “GentlemanHoratio Gates and “Gentleman
Johnny” BurgoyneJohnny” Burgoyne

117. The Battle of SaratogaThe Battle of Saratoga
Who could fight in hats like those?Who could fight in hats like those?

118. Washington and Lafayette shiverWashington and Lafayette shiver
with the troops at Valley Forgewith the troops at Valley Forge

119. The Americans and the FrenchThe Americans and the French
close in on Cornwallis at Yorktownclose in on Cornwallis at Yorktown

120. Washington and CornwallisWashington and Cornwallis

121. The British surrenderThe British surrender
at Yorktown, Virginiaat Yorktown, Virginia (1781)(1781)

122. The guy who really defeated theThe guy who really defeated the
British at Yorktown and won theBritish at Yorktown and won the
war: The Patriotwar: The Patriot

123. U.S. representatives at Paris peaceU.S. representatives at Paris peace
talks: Franklin, Jay, Adamstalks: Franklin, Jay, Adams

124. Treaty of ParisTreaty of Paris (1783)(1783)
 British recognized U.S. independenceBritish recognized U.S. independence
 Boundaries: Great LakesBoundaries: Great Lakes
Mississippi RiverMississippi River
Spanish FloridaSpanish Florida
 British agreed to leave U.S. soil immediatelyBritish agreed to leave U.S. soil immediately
 Americans’ debts to British = validatedAmericans’ debts to British = validated
 Congress urged states to restore rights ofCongress urged states to restore rights of
the Loyalists (aka Tories)the Loyalists (aka Tories)

125. The Treaty of Paris changed theThe Treaty of Paris changed the
map of North Americamap of North America

126. THE CRITICAL PERIODTHE CRITICAL PERIOD
OF AMERICANOF AMERICAN
HISTORYHISTORY

127. The Critical PeriodThe Critical Period
Thumbs up or down on the USA?Thumbs up or down on the USA?

128. The Articles of ConfederationThe Articles of Confederation

129. The Northwest TerritoryThe Northwest Territory

130. Mt. VernonMt. Vernon

131. Independence Hall in PhiladelphiaIndependence Hall in Philadelphia
Site of the constitutional conventionSite of the constitutional convention

132. George Washington presides at theGeorge Washington presides at the
Philadelphia ConventionPhiladelphia Convention

133. The room where the constitutionThe room where the constitution
was written, as it appeared in 1787was written, as it appeared in 1787

134. Players at the constitutionalPlayers at the constitutional
conventionconvention
James MadisonJames Madison
Roger ShermanRoger Sherman
Benjamin FranklinBenjamin Franklin
George WashingtonGeorge Washington

135. Patrick Henry didn’t attend. Said hePatrick Henry didn’t attend. Said he
“smelled a rat.”“smelled a rat.”

136. The FederalistThe Federalist and its authorsand its authors
HamiltonHamilton MadisonMadison
JayJay

137. Ratification celebration in New YorkRatification celebration in New York

138. George Mason & James MadisonGeorge Mason & James Madison
Authors of the Bill of RightsAuthors of the Bill of Rights

139. THE NEW NATIONTHE NEW NATION
STRUGGLES TOSTRUGGLES TO
SURVIVESURVIVE

140. Alexander HamiltonAlexander Hamilton
11stst
Secretary of the TreasurySecretary of the Treasury

141. Hamilton’s fiscal planHamilton’s fiscal plan
 Pay off the entire debt, federal and statePay off the entire debt, federal and state
 Raise revenue with high tariff + new taxesRaise revenue with high tariff + new taxes
 Create a national bankCreate a national bank

142. Funding and assumptionFunding and assumption
 Funding: accumulating enough money toFunding: accumulating enough money to
pay off a debtpay off a debt
 Assumption: the federal government paysAssumption: the federal government pays
off (assumes) debts owed by the statesoff (assumes) debts owed by the states

143. Bank of the United StatesBank of the United States
in Philadelphiain Philadelphia

144. Strict and loose constructionStrict and loose construction
 Strict constructionStrict construction: if X isn’t listed in plain: if X isn’t listed in plain
language in the Constitution as a power oflanguage in the Constitution as a power of
the federal government, then the federalthe federal government, then the federal
government has no power to do Xgovernment has no power to do X
 Loose constructionLoose construction: the federal government: the federal government
does have the power to do X ifdoes have the power to do X if
(1) X isn’t(1) X isn’t prohibitedprohibited in the Constitution andin the Constitution and
(2) X helps the government carry out any of(2) X helps the government carry out any of
its regular, listed (i.e., specified) powersits regular, listed (i.e., specified) powers

145. The Jay Treaty made JayThe Jay Treaty made Jay
unpopularunpopular
Damn John Jay! Damn everyone that won'tDamn John Jay! Damn everyone that won't
damn John Jay! Damn every one that won'tdamn John Jay! Damn every one that won't
put lights in his window and sit up allput lights in his window and sit up all
night damning John Jay!night damning John Jay!
A common complaint at the time:A common complaint at the time:

146. Pres. John Adams kept the navalPres. John Adams kept the naval
war with France undeclaredwar with France undeclared

147. Jefferson and Hamilton led the firstJefferson and Hamilton led the first
two political partiestwo political parties
Leader of the Democratic RepublicansLeader of the Democratic Republicans Leader of the FederalistsLeader of the Federalists
Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson Alexander HamiltonAlexander Hamilton

148. The visions of Jefferson andThe visions of Jefferson and
Hamilton for the new nationHamilton for the new nation
 Jefferson:Jefferson: democratic, agrarian societydemocratic, agrarian society
broad diffusion of wealthbroad diffusion of wealth
sympathies with debtorssympathies with debtors
feared centralized powerfeared centralized power
trusted people’s abilitiestrusted people’s abilities
 Hamilton:Hamilton: balanced economybalanced economy
federal aid to industry, commercefederal aid to industry, commerce
sympathies with creditorssympathies with creditors
favored centralized powerfavored centralized power
distrusted people’s abilities to govern themselvesdistrusted people’s abilities to govern themselves

149. Pres. Washington reviews thePres. Washington reviews the
troops sent to suppress thetroops sent to suppress the
whiskey rebelswhiskey rebels

150. Pres. John Adams signed the AlienPres. John Adams signed the Alien
& Sedition Acts& Sedition Acts (1798)(1798)

151. Authors of the Kentucky & VirginiaAuthors of the Kentucky & Virginia
Resolutions and best budsResolutions and best buds
Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson James MadisonJames Madison

152. THE NEW NATIONTHE NEW NATION
GROWS UPGROWS UP
The Virginia DynastyThe Virginia Dynasty
1801-251801-25

153. Candidates in the election of 1800Candidates in the election of 1800
JeffersonJefferson
Democratic-RepublicanDemocratic-Republican
BurrBurr
Democratic-RepublicanDemocratic-Republican
AdamsAdams
FederalistFederalist

154. MarburyMarbury vsvs. Madison. Madison
Justice of the PeaceJustice of the Peace
William MarburyWilliam Marbury
Secretary of StateSecretary of State
James MadisonJames Madison

155. Chief Justice John MarshallChief Justice John Marshall

156. Key figuresKey figures
in the Louisiana Purchasein the Louisiana Purchase

157. Key figuresKey figures
in the Louisiana Purchasein the Louisiana Purchase
Napoleon wanted to sellNapoleon wanted to sell Jefferson wanted to buyJefferson wanted to buy

158. The Louisiana PurchaseThe Louisiana Purchase

159. Raising of the U.S. flag over theRaising of the U.S. flag over the
Louisiana PurchaseLouisiana Purchase

160. Trail of Lewis & Clark (1804-06)Trail of Lewis & Clark (1804-06)

161. The War of 1812The War of 1812
 CausesCauses
 U.S. advantages and disadvantagesU.S. advantages and disadvantages
 Treaty of Ghent (1814)Treaty of Ghent (1814)
 Battle of New Orleans (1814-15)Battle of New Orleans (1814-15)
 SignificanceSignificance

162. The HMSThe HMS LeopardLeopard fires on the USSfires on the USS
ChesapeakeChesapeake (1807)(1807)

163. The British navy “impresses” sailorsThe British navy “impresses” sailors
on U.S. shipson U.S. ships

164. The British burn Washington, DCThe British burn Washington, DC
18141814

165. The British approach New OrleansThe British approach New Orleans

166. General Andrew JacksonGeneral Andrew Jackson

167. The British attack Gen. Jackson’sThe British attack Gen. Jackson’s
“motley crew”“motley crew”

168. The Battle of New OrleansThe Battle of New Orleans

169. Down go the British! Down go theDown go the British! Down go the
British!British!

170. The 2The 2ndnd
Bank of the United StatesBank of the United States
PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia (1816-36)(1816-36)

171. Old Supreme Court chamber whereOld Supreme Court chamber where
McCulloch vs. Maryland was decidedMcCulloch vs. Maryland was decided

172. Chief Justice John MarshallChief Justice John Marshall

173. The 36-30 line split the LouisianaThe 36-30 line split the Louisiana
PurchasePurchase

174. President James Monroe warnedPresident James Monroe warned
the Euroweenies to back offthe Euroweenies to back off

175. THE RISE OF THETHE RISE OF THE
“COMMON MAN”“COMMON MAN”
The Jacksonian PeriodThe Jacksonian Period
1820s-1830s1820s-1830s

176. Major candidates in the presidentialMajor candidates in the presidential
election of 1824election of 1824
Secretary of the TreasurySecretary of the Treasury
William CrawfordWilliam Crawford
Secretary of StateSecretary of State
John Quincy AdamsJohn Quincy Adams
Speaker of theSpeaker of the
HouseHouse
Henry ClayHenry Clay
SenatorSenator
Andrew JacksonAndrew Jackson

177. Nationalist wing of the partyNationalist wing of the party
 22ndnd
Bank of the United StatesBank of the United States
 Protective (higher) tariffsProtective (higher) tariffs
 Strong central governmentStrong central government
 Loose constructionLoose construction
 Henry Clay, J. A. Adams, Daniel WebsterHenry Clay, J. A. Adams, Daniel Webster

178. Traditional wing of the partyTraditional wing of the party
Suspicious of all banksSuspicious of all banks
Low (revenue) tariffsLow (revenue) tariffs
States’ rights, laissez faire, strictStates’ rights, laissez faire, strict
constructionconstruction
Andrew Jackson, Martin Van Buren,Andrew Jackson, Martin Van Buren,
John C. CalhounJohn C. Calhoun

179. An ad for Andrew Jackson, “theAn ad for Andrew Jackson, “the
man of the people”man of the people”

180. Jackson’s political philosophyJackson’s political philosophy
 States rightsStates rights
 Laissez faireLaissez faire
 Strict constructionStrict construction
 Suspicion of banksSuspicion of banks
 President = “tribune ofPresident = “tribune of
the people”the people”

181. The “common man” at Jackson’sThe “common man” at Jackson’s
inauguration partyinauguration party (1828)(1828)

182. The 2The 2ndnd
B.U.S. and its presidentB.U.S. and its president
Nicholas BiddleNicholas Biddle

183. Andy Jackson fights “the monster”Andy Jackson fights “the monster”

184. Jackson the way his opponentsJackson the way his opponents
saw him – as “King Andrew” thesaw him – as “King Andrew” the
tyranttyrant

185. Jackson and Calhoun disagreed onJackson and Calhoun disagreed on
nullificationnullification
President Andrew JacksonPresident Andrew Jackson Vice-President John C. CalhounVice-President John C. Calhoun

186. ANTI-SLAVERY ANDANTI-SLAVERY AND
PRO-SLAVERYPRO-SLAVERY

187. Slavery has existed for thousandsSlavery has existed for thousands
of yearsof years

188. Where the slaves came from andWhere the slaves came from and
where they wentwhere they went

189. Quakers openly criticized slaveryQuakers openly criticized slavery
as early as the 1750sas early as the 1750s

190. ““All men are created equal. . .”All men are created equal. . .”

191. The American Colonization SocietyThe American Colonization Society

192. William Lloyd Garrison and hisWilliam Lloyd Garrison and his
newspaper,newspaper, The LiberatorThe Liberator

193. The Nat Turner uprising in Virginia:The Nat Turner uprising in Virginia:
Contemporary news accountContemporary news account

194. The “positive good” defense ofThe “positive good” defense of
slavery painted slaves as happyslavery painted slaves as happy

195. THE NATION BEGINSTHE NATION BEGINS
TO CRACKTO CRACK
The Sectional CrisisThe Sectional Crisis
1840s-1850s1840s-1850s

196. Stephen F. Austin broughtStephen F. Austin brought
immigrants from U.S. to Texasimmigrants from U.S. to Texas

197. Leaders at the Battle of the AlamoLeaders at the Battle of the Alamo
William TravisWilliam Travis James BowieJames Bowie Davy CrockettDavy Crockett
Antonio Lopez de Santa AnnaAntonio Lopez de Santa Anna

198. Scenes from the Battle of theScenes from the Battle of the
AlamoAlamo

199. The Battle of San JacintoThe Battle of San Jacinto

200. Americans fulfilled their “ManifestAmericans fulfilled their “Manifest
Destiny” by moving westDestiny” by moving west

201. Border dispute: the Rio Grande orBorder dispute: the Rio Grande or
the Nueces?the Nueces?

202. Three theaters of combat in theThree theaters of combat in the
U.S.-Mexican WarU.S.-Mexican War

203. Gen. Winfield Scott leads anGen. Winfield Scott leads an
amphibious invasion into Mexicoamphibious invasion into Mexico

204. The U.S. Army captured MexicoThe U.S. Army captured Mexico
City in September 1847City in September 1847

205. Treaty of Guadalupe HidalgoTreaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
 Mexico cedes 525,000 square miles to U.S.Mexico cedes 525,000 square miles to U.S.
(everything from Texas to the Pacific Ocean)(everything from Texas to the Pacific Ocean)
 Mexico accepts Rio Grande as Texas borderMexico accepts Rio Grande as Texas border
 U.S. pays Mexico $15 millionU.S. pays Mexico $15 million
 U.S. pays Mexico’s debts ($3.25 million) to U.S.U.S. pays Mexico’s debts ($3.25 million) to U.S.
citizenscitizens

206. The Mexican CessionThe Mexican Cession (1848)(1848)

207. Should slavery be allowed toShould slavery be allowed to
spread into Mexican Cession?spread into Mexican Cession?
 Wilmot ProvisoWilmot Proviso (1846)(1846): Congress should say: Congress should say
“no”“no”
 Calhoun’s Senate resolutions:Calhoun’s Senate resolutions: (1847)(1847) : the: the
Constitution says “yes”Constitution says “yes”
 Popular sovereigntyPopular sovereignty (1848)(1848): settlers in the: settlers in the
territories should decide, yes or noterritories should decide, yes or no

208. Another sectional disagreement:Another sectional disagreement:
fugitive slavesfugitive slaves

209. Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850
 California admitted into Union as free stateCalifornia admitted into Union as free state
 Utah and New Mexico organized as territories with popularUtah and New Mexico organized as territories with popular
sovereigntysovereignty
 Slave trade banned in District of ColumbiaSlave trade banned in District of Columbia
 Stronger fugitive law passedStronger fugitive law passed
 Texas accepted smaller, present borders for $10 million (toTexas accepted smaller, present borders for $10 million (to
pay off state debt)pay off state debt)

210. The Compromise of 1850The Compromise of 1850
changed the mapchanged the map

211. Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850
 California admitted into Union as free stateCalifornia admitted into Union as free state
 Utah and New Mexico organized as territories with popularUtah and New Mexico organized as territories with popular
sovereigntysovereignty
 Slave trade banned in District of ColumbiaSlave trade banned in District of Columbia
 Stronger fugitive law passedStronger fugitive law passed
 Texas accepted smaller, present borders for $10 million (toTexas accepted smaller, present borders for $10 million (to
pay off state debt)pay off state debt)

212. Buying and selling of slaves nowBuying and selling of slaves now
banned in District of Columbiabanned in District of Columbia

213. New fugitive-slave law made it easierNew fugitive-slave law made it easier
for owners to catch runawaysfor owners to catch runaways

214. Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850
 California admitted into Union as free stateCalifornia admitted into Union as free state
 Utah and New Mexico organized as territories with popularUtah and New Mexico organized as territories with popular
sovereigntysovereignty
 Slave trade banned in District of ColumbiaSlave trade banned in District of Columbia
 Stronger fugitive law passedStronger fugitive law passed
 Texas accepted smaller, present borders for $10 million (toTexas accepted smaller, present borders for $10 million (to
pay off state debt)pay off state debt)

215. Texas accepted its smaller, presentTexas accepted its smaller, present
borders for $10 millionborders for $10 million

216. Harriet Beecher Stowe and anHarriet Beecher Stowe and an
advertisement for her noveladvertisement for her novel

217. Senator Stephen A. Douglas of IllinoisSenator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois

218. The gold rush showed the need forThe gold rush showed the need for
a transcontinental railroada transcontinental railroad

219. A transcontinental railroad fromA transcontinental railroad from
Chicago would have to crossChicago would have to cross
unorganized wildernessunorganized wilderness

220. Woman gathering “buffalo chips” forWoman gathering “buffalo chips” for
fuel in the unorganized wildernessfuel in the unorganized wilderness

221. Sen. Douglas created two newSen. Douglas created two new
territories with popular sovereigntyterritories with popular sovereignty

222. Dred Scott andDred Scott and
Chief Justice Roger B. TaneyChief Justice Roger B. Taney

223. Scott and his owner’s family movedScott and his owner’s family moved
to free territory (now Minnesota)to free territory (now Minnesota)

224. Dred Scott’s courthouse is in theDred Scott’s courthouse is in the
shadow of the St. Louis archshadow of the St. Louis arch

225. The U.S. Supreme Court chamberThe U.S. Supreme Court chamber
for the Dred Scott casefor the Dred Scott case

226. John BrownJohn Brown

227. Harpers FerryHarpers Ferry

228. Robert E. Lee before the Civil WarRobert E. Lee before the Civil War

229. The Marines assault the fire stationThe Marines assault the fire station

230. The fire station later became aThe fire station later became a
tourist attractiontourist attraction

231. The courtroom for John Brown’sThe courtroom for John Brown’s
trial in Virginiatrial in Virginia

232. Four major candidates for presidentFour major candidates for president
in 1860in 1860
Senator Stephen A. DouglasSenator Stephen A. Douglas
Vice President John C. BreckinridgeVice President John C. Breckinridge
Former U.S. senatorFormer U.S. senator
John BellJohn Bell
Former U.S.Former U.S.
RepresentativeRepresentative
AbrahamAbraham
LincolnLincoln

233. Platforms of the four partiesPlatforms of the four parties
 Douglas Democrats: popular sovereigntyDouglas Democrats: popular sovereignty
and Unionand Union
 Southern Democrats: CongressionalSouthern Democrats: Congressional
protection of slavery in territories,protection of slavery in territories,
acquire Cubaacquire Cuba
 Constitutional Unionists: preserve theConstitutional Unionists: preserve the
Union, accept Dred Scott decisionUnion, accept Dred Scott decision
 Republicans: oppose spread of slavery,Republicans: oppose spread of slavery,
preserve the Unionpreserve the Union

234. The Democratic party pulling apartThe Democratic party pulling apart

235. Lincoln won the electoral vote byLincoln won the electoral vote by
winning in the Northwinning in the North

236. South Carolina seceded firstSouth Carolina seceded first

237. The southern states seceded in twoThe southern states seceded in two
waves (winter & spring 1860-61)waves (winter & spring 1860-61)

238. Spelling is importantSpelling is important
 Secede – not “succeed”Secede – not “succeed”
 Secession – not “succession”Secession – not “succession”

239. THE CIVIL WARTHE CIVIL WAR
1861-18651861-1865

240. Trouble at Fort Sumter inTrouble at Fort Sumter in
Charleston, SCCharleston, SC

241. Commanders at Fort Sumter:Commanders at Fort Sumter:
Robert Anderson and P.G.T. BeauregardRobert Anderson and P.G.T. Beauregard

242. First shots of the Civil War fired atFirst shots of the Civil War fired at
Fort Sumter, April 12, 1861Fort Sumter, April 12, 1861

243. Location of the Battle of AntietamLocation of the Battle of Antietam
(aka Sharpsburg)(aka Sharpsburg)

244. Commanders at Antietam:Commanders at Antietam:
Robert E. Lee and George B. McClellanRobert E. Lee and George B. McClellan

245. Antietam: first battlefield in historyAntietam: first battlefield in history
photographed soon after the shootingphotographed soon after the shooting

246. Significance of the AntietamSignificance of the Antietam
campaigncampaign
 Bloodiest day of war and U.S. historyBloodiest day of war and U.S. history
 Ended Lee’s invasionEnded Lee’s invasion
 Ended threat of European interventionEnded threat of European intervention
 Led directly to Emancipation ProclamationLed directly to Emancipation Proclamation

247. The Emancipation ProclamationThe Emancipation Proclamation
freed most (not all) of the slavesfreed most (not all) of the slaves

248. The Confederate view of LincolnThe Confederate view of Lincoln
and the Emancipation Proclamationand the Emancipation Proclamation

249. A northern cartoon celebrating theA northern cartoon celebrating the
Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation Proclamation

250. The commanders at Gettysburg:The commanders at Gettysburg:
George G. Meade & Robert E. LeeGeorge G. Meade & Robert E. Lee

251. How the two armies arrived atHow the two armies arrived at
GettysburgGettysburg

252. Some of the dead at GettysburgSome of the dead at Gettysburg

253. Pickett’s ChargePickett’s Charge
High tide of the ConfederacyHigh tide of the Confederacy
18631863
1913 re-enactment by former1913 re-enactment by former
Confederates who made the originalConfederates who made the original
charge fifty years earliercharge fifty years earlier

254. Commanders at VicksburgCommanders at Vicksburg
U.S. Grant and John C. PembertonU.S. Grant and John C. Pemberton

255. Vicksburg, MississippiVicksburg, Mississippi

256. A roundabout way to VicksburgA roundabout way to Vicksburg

257. The long siege forced civilians toThe long siege forced civilians to
live in caves they duglive in caves they dug

258. The capture of Vicksburg split theThe capture of Vicksburg split the
Confederacy in twoConfederacy in two

259. Commanders at Chattanooga:Commanders at Chattanooga:
U.S. Grant & Braxton BraggU.S. Grant & Braxton Bragg

260. Chattanooga was a barrier to theChattanooga was a barrier to the
heart of the Confederacyheart of the Confederacy

261. The charge up Missionary Ridge atThe charge up Missionary Ridge at
the Battle of Chattanoogathe Battle of Chattanooga

262. Significance of the ChattanoogaSignificance of the Chattanooga
campaigncampaign
 Cut lines of communication inCut lines of communication in
ConfederacyConfederacy
 Opened door into Deep SouthOpened door into Deep South
 Led to capture of Atlanta and Sherman’sLed to capture of Atlanta and Sherman’s
March to the SeaMarch to the Sea

263. Sherman’s “March to the Sea”Sherman’s “March to the Sea”

264. Commanders at the siege ofCommanders at the siege of
Petersburg: Grant and LeePetersburg: Grant and Lee

265. Trenches around Petersburg andTrenches around Petersburg and
RichmondRichmond

266. The Petersburg mine explosionThe Petersburg mine explosion

267. Union soldiers trapped in the craterUnion soldiers trapped in the crater
at Petersburgat Petersburg

268. Typical Confederate soldier at TheTypical Confederate soldier at The
Crater and his typical squeezeCrater and his typical squeeze

269. Lee’s surrender at AppomattoxLee’s surrender at Appomattox

270. GOOD LUCK ON YOURGOOD LUCK ON YOUR
FINAL EXAMS!FINAL EXAMS!