The document provides an overview of the history of European colonization of North America, beginning with early Native American settlements over 12,000 years ago. It discusses the establishment of Jamestown as the first successful English colony in 1607, and its struggles during the "Starving Time" before turning to success through the cultivation of tobacco. It also notes the introduction of slavery to the English colonies in the 1660s and the founding of other colonies along the East Coast through the 17th century.
AP U.S. History Presentation for students at the Media Arts Collaborative Charter School.
Based on a presentation created by Susan Pojer of Horace Greeley High School.
Compiled examination of the Europeans' colonization of the Americas, including the conquering of the Aztecs and Incas and the Trans-Atlantic slave trade.
Hernan Cortez conquered the Aztec Empire in Mexico in 1521 after allying with enemies of the Aztecs and using superior Spanish weapons, horses and armor. He established the city of Mexico City on the ruins of the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan, making it the capital of New Spain. Meanwhile, Francisco Pizarro conquered the Inca Empire in South America. The Spanish and French began expanding their empires across North and South America in the 1500s and 1600s through conquest and establishing settlements, with the Spanish focused on converting native populations to Christianity.
1) In the late 15th and early 16th centuries, European powers such as Spain, Portugal, France, and England established colonies in the Americas and traded goods between Europe, Africa, and the Americas in triangular trade networks.
2) Hernan Cortes and 600 men conquered the Aztec Empire in Mexico between 1519-1521 aided by superior weapons and Native American allies. Disease also wiped out many Native Americans.
3) By the 1700s, England had become the dominant power in North America, taking control of territories from other European nations like France and the Netherlands through conflicts such as the French and Indian War. The Atlantic slave trade brought over 400,000 enslaved Africans to North
- Early Native Americans were hunter-gatherers and the Olmec civilization built mounds.
- In 1585, Sir Walter Raleigh founded the Roanoke colony off the coast of North Carolina, but when the governor returned from England, the colony had disappeared. This colony is sometimes called the "Lost Colony".
- In 1606, English settlers founded the Jamestown colony in Virginia. The settlement had a difficult start and most colonists died the first year, but Captain John Smith helped the colony survive by trading with Native Americans. Jamestown struggled for many years but was ultimately saved by profitable tobacco farming.
1. The French were also interested in colonizing North America. The English wanted to control all of South America.
2. In 1497, John Cabot explored North America for England while attempting to find a route to Asia. England did not attempt further colonization for many years after this.
3. The Protestant Reformation and changes in the Church of England, including King Henry VIII breaking from the Catholic Church and forming the Church of England, contributed to economic changes and the growth of joint-stock companies in England, increasing interest in colonizing America.
The document discusses the society created by early French colonists in North America. It describes how France established colonies to gain control of resources and trade routes. The French colonists created a hierarchical society centered around imperial and Catholic ideals, with the colonies controlled politically and economically by France.
AP U.S. History Presentation for students at the Media Arts Collaborative Charter School.
Based on a presentation created by Susan Pojer of Horace Greeley High School.
Compiled examination of the Europeans' colonization of the Americas, including the conquering of the Aztecs and Incas and the Trans-Atlantic slave trade.
Hernan Cortez conquered the Aztec Empire in Mexico in 1521 after allying with enemies of the Aztecs and using superior Spanish weapons, horses and armor. He established the city of Mexico City on the ruins of the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan, making it the capital of New Spain. Meanwhile, Francisco Pizarro conquered the Inca Empire in South America. The Spanish and French began expanding their empires across North and South America in the 1500s and 1600s through conquest and establishing settlements, with the Spanish focused on converting native populations to Christianity.
1) In the late 15th and early 16th centuries, European powers such as Spain, Portugal, France, and England established colonies in the Americas and traded goods between Europe, Africa, and the Americas in triangular trade networks.
2) Hernan Cortes and 600 men conquered the Aztec Empire in Mexico between 1519-1521 aided by superior weapons and Native American allies. Disease also wiped out many Native Americans.
3) By the 1700s, England had become the dominant power in North America, taking control of territories from other European nations like France and the Netherlands through conflicts such as the French and Indian War. The Atlantic slave trade brought over 400,000 enslaved Africans to North
- Early Native Americans were hunter-gatherers and the Olmec civilization built mounds.
- In 1585, Sir Walter Raleigh founded the Roanoke colony off the coast of North Carolina, but when the governor returned from England, the colony had disappeared. This colony is sometimes called the "Lost Colony".
- In 1606, English settlers founded the Jamestown colony in Virginia. The settlement had a difficult start and most colonists died the first year, but Captain John Smith helped the colony survive by trading with Native Americans. Jamestown struggled for many years but was ultimately saved by profitable tobacco farming.
1. The French were also interested in colonizing North America. The English wanted to control all of South America.
2. In 1497, John Cabot explored North America for England while attempting to find a route to Asia. England did not attempt further colonization for many years after this.
3. The Protestant Reformation and changes in the Church of England, including King Henry VIII breaking from the Catholic Church and forming the Church of England, contributed to economic changes and the growth of joint-stock companies in England, increasing interest in colonizing America.
The document discusses the society created by early French colonists in North America. It describes how France established colonies to gain control of resources and trade routes. The French colonists created a hierarchical society centered around imperial and Catholic ideals, with the colonies controlled politically and economically by France.
The document provides a summary of the early English colonies in Virginia in the 17th century. It describes how the first colony at Jamestown struggled due to its location and lack of support. It then discusses how the colonists grew tobacco and used indentured servants and later African slaves as labor. It also discusses the conflicts between the colonists and Native Americans over land and resources. By the late 1600s, the population was growing and the colony was becoming more prosperous due to the tobacco trade.
His 2213 LU5 What Happened to the Lost Colonists of Roanoke?historyteacher38668
The document provides background information on the English colonization of North America, including the establishment of the Roanoke colony on Roanoke Island in present-day North Carolina. It discusses several theories for what may have happened to the "Lost Colony" of Roanoke, including that they were killed in conflicts with Native Americans or assimilated into local tribes due to a severe drought. Some historical accounts provide evidence that some colonists may have survived by integrating with Native communities. The fate of the Roanoke colonists remains unknown.
The document discusses the origins and development of slavery in colonial America. It describes how Africans were captured and brought to the colonies through the transatlantic slave trade. Initially, indentured servitude was more common than slavery, but Bacon's Rebellion and the increasing profitability of slave labor led plantation owners to replace indentured servants with enslaved Africans. Laws were passed in Virginia and other colonies in the 1600s-1700s that defined the legal status of slaves as property and restricted their rights. The Royal African Company played a key role in expanding the British slave trade during this period.
This document provides an overview of the discovery and settlement of the New World between 1492-1650. It discusses the motivations for European exploration, including wealth, religion, knowledge, and glory. Key explorers and their voyages are outlined, such as Columbus, Cortes, Pizarro and others. Spanish and Portuguese empires in the Americas are described. The establishment of the English colonies of Jamestown and Plymouth are summarized. The founding of other colonies like Massachusetts Bay, Maryland, the Carolinas and others are briefly mentioned. Differences between the New England and Chesapeake colonies are contrasted. The document also touches on issues like cultural exchange with Native Americans and disease impacts.
France created a society based on imperialism in its North American colonies. The French established colonies in Canada controlled by France as the home country. France extended its control over the colonies for economic gain through the fur trade and to increase its power and prestige through expanding its empire. The French colonists created settlements and brought Catholic missionaries to spread their religion to the indigenous peoples.
The History of Virginia, In Four Parts, Free eBookChuck Thompson
The History of Virginia, In Four Parts, Free eBook. http://www.gloucestercounty-va.com Incredible history of not only Virginia but also the US and England as well as the world. Visit us for more of the uncommon.
The document discusses the Loyalist migration to British North America after the American Revolutionary War. Over 100,000 Loyalists fled the newly independent United States, with 45,000 settling in Nova Scotia and Quebec. Their arrival increased tensions as they sought more British laws and customs, threatening the rights of the Canadiens under the Quebec Act. It also changed Britain's approach to negotiating land treaties with First Nations, who questioned if their land rights were being respected. The Loyalists petitioned the British government with demands, leading to the 1791 Constitutional Act that divided the colony along the Ottawa River into Upper and Lower Canada.
The document summarizes the English colonization of North America, focusing on Virginia, New England, and Carolina. It describes the founding and early struggles of Jamestown in Virginia in 1607. It then discusses the Puritan pilgrims who founded Plymouth in 1620 and larger Puritan migration to Massachusetts Bay in the 1630s. The document also outlines the establishment of Carolina in the 1670s, the division into North and South Carolina, and the development of the plantation system focused on rice and indigo production by the 1760s.
This document discusses the origin of Negro slavery. It begins by providing context around Europe's colonial expansion following Columbus' discovery of the Americas in 1492. Portugal and Spain initially divided control of newly discovered lands via agreements with the Pope, though other powers like England and France rejected this arrangement. The establishment of colonies in the Americas then led to the introduction and development of Negro slavery as a labor source. The document suggests that British colonies fell into two types - diversified small farm economies or plantations relying on slave labor to produce commodities like sugar.
Canadian Citizenship Test: Timeline of the EventsAshraf Rahmani
This Timeline briefly explains the events discussed in the book entitled "Discover Canada". It helps you prepare for the Canadian Citizenship Test and also know about the country's history.
A PowerPoint that covers the French colony of Canada (New France), and the relations the French had with the natives, and the English colonies. (Created by Mr. Tim Bonnar)
The 4th grade class at MJGDS created an ebook about Fort Caroline, the first French settlement in North America. The ebook contained information on Rene de Laudonniere, who led the French settlers and oversaw the construction of Fort Caroline. It described the challenging voyage for the French to the New World, the design of the fort, and the relationship between the French settlers and the native Timucua people. The students included details on the weapons and cultures of the French, Spanish, and Timucua. They reflected that creating the ebook was an educational project that allowed them to learn about and share the history of Fort Caroline using modern technology.
The document provides an overview of the early colonial history of North America, focusing on the Chesapeake Bay colonies of Virginia and Maryland, New England, and the borderlands. It discusses the founding and early struggles of Jamestown, the emergence of tobacco agriculture, and Bacon's Rebellion in Virginia. In New England, it outlines the founding of Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay colonies, religious dissent, and conflicts with Native Americans. The growth of the middle colonies and impact of the English Civil War are also summarized.
First English Settlements Roanoke Jamestown Plymouth Packetbkind2animals
The document provides an overview of study materials and plans for a student. It includes a table of contents listing pages about Roanoke, Jamestown, and Plymouth. It then has a personal study plan checklist for the student to select activities to help prepare for a test. These activities include reviewing notes, highlighting, reading texts, making notecards, interacting with prompts, studying with family or peers, and doing additional research. The final part provides short answer questions about Roanoke and Jamestown to answer for homework.
Important Names And Dates for Canadian Citizenship ExamJack Frost
Canada has a rich history shaped by influential figures and important events. Some key people who contributed include John A. Macdonald, the first Prime Minister, and Wilfrid Laurier, the first French Canadian Prime Minister. Important dates include 1867 when Canada became a self-governing dominion and 1982 when the constitution was amended to include the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Canada's history involves the contributions of people from diverse backgrounds and the country's development through periods like the World Wars and establishment as a modern nation.
This chapter discusses the early colonial settlements in North America, including the founding of Jamestown and struggles of the early Chesapeake colonies, the establishment of New England by religious dissenters, and the proprietary colonies of the Carolinas, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. It also covers borderland regions such as the Caribbean, where the English developed sugar plantations relying on slave labor, and interactions between colonists and indigenous peoples throughout North America.
The document summarizes the history and development of the New England colonies in the 17th century. It describes how the Puritan colonists who emigrated to New England were self-sufficient farmers and artisans who relied on family labor. Their strong work ethic and climate similar to England allowed them to farm similar crops. The colonies grew through two waves of emigration and developed forms of self-government and commerce like fishing and shipping. Puritans were severe in punishing moral crimes. Roger Williams established Rhode Island after accusing church leaders of not separating enough from the Church of England. The Salem witch trials ended witchcraft prosecutions in New England.
The Lost Colony of Roanoke Island in 1587 consisted of 114 settlers including women and children. Governor John White left the colony to retrieve supplies but was unable to return for three years. When he finally returned, he found the colony abandoned with the word "CROATOAN" carved in a post. It was never determined what happened to the Lost Colony, though theories suggest they integrated with the Croatan Native Americans or were killed in conflicts. Archaeological evidence may provide clues to their ultimate fate.
1) European exploration and conquest in the Americas began in the late 15th century, with Christopher Columbus arriving in the Caribbean in 1492 while seeking a route to Asia. Over subsequent decades, Spanish conquistadors like Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizarro conquered the Aztec and Incan empires and claimed territory for Spain.
2) Meanwhile, other European powers established colonial holdings in North America, including the French in Canada and the English at Jamestown and Plymouth. Conflicts between these powers eventually led to the French and Indian War in the 1750s, resulting in British control of most of eastern North America.
3) The growth of plantation agriculture in the Americas drove the rise of the Atlantic slave
The document provides an overview of the founding and development of the English colonies in North America between 1600-1700. It discusses the establishment of Jamestown as the first permanent English settlement in 1607 and the founding of other colonies like Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Maryland, and their social, economic, and political characteristics. The colonies developed with different motivations and economies, such as the Puritan religious motivations in New England and the growth of the tobacco economy in the Chesapeake region and Jamestown. Religious diversity existed among the colonies.
The English established colonies along the eastern coast of North America in the early 1600s. The Virginia Company founded Jamestown in 1607 as the first permanent English settlement, though it faced many hardships in its early years. John Smith's leadership helped the colony survive. Tobacco later became a lucrative cash crop. African slaves were introduced to the colony in 1619 and the plantation system became dependent on slave labor. The House of Burgesses established the first representative legislative body in the colonies. The New England colonies focused on fishing, whaling, and trade due to poor soil and short growing seasons.
The document provides a summary of the early English colonies in Virginia in the 17th century. It describes how the first colony at Jamestown struggled due to its location and lack of support. It then discusses how the colonists grew tobacco and used indentured servants and later African slaves as labor. It also discusses the conflicts between the colonists and Native Americans over land and resources. By the late 1600s, the population was growing and the colony was becoming more prosperous due to the tobacco trade.
His 2213 LU5 What Happened to the Lost Colonists of Roanoke?historyteacher38668
The document provides background information on the English colonization of North America, including the establishment of the Roanoke colony on Roanoke Island in present-day North Carolina. It discusses several theories for what may have happened to the "Lost Colony" of Roanoke, including that they were killed in conflicts with Native Americans or assimilated into local tribes due to a severe drought. Some historical accounts provide evidence that some colonists may have survived by integrating with Native communities. The fate of the Roanoke colonists remains unknown.
The document discusses the origins and development of slavery in colonial America. It describes how Africans were captured and brought to the colonies through the transatlantic slave trade. Initially, indentured servitude was more common than slavery, but Bacon's Rebellion and the increasing profitability of slave labor led plantation owners to replace indentured servants with enslaved Africans. Laws were passed in Virginia and other colonies in the 1600s-1700s that defined the legal status of slaves as property and restricted their rights. The Royal African Company played a key role in expanding the British slave trade during this period.
This document provides an overview of the discovery and settlement of the New World between 1492-1650. It discusses the motivations for European exploration, including wealth, religion, knowledge, and glory. Key explorers and their voyages are outlined, such as Columbus, Cortes, Pizarro and others. Spanish and Portuguese empires in the Americas are described. The establishment of the English colonies of Jamestown and Plymouth are summarized. The founding of other colonies like Massachusetts Bay, Maryland, the Carolinas and others are briefly mentioned. Differences between the New England and Chesapeake colonies are contrasted. The document also touches on issues like cultural exchange with Native Americans and disease impacts.
France created a society based on imperialism in its North American colonies. The French established colonies in Canada controlled by France as the home country. France extended its control over the colonies for economic gain through the fur trade and to increase its power and prestige through expanding its empire. The French colonists created settlements and brought Catholic missionaries to spread their religion to the indigenous peoples.
The History of Virginia, In Four Parts, Free eBookChuck Thompson
The History of Virginia, In Four Parts, Free eBook. http://www.gloucestercounty-va.com Incredible history of not only Virginia but also the US and England as well as the world. Visit us for more of the uncommon.
The document discusses the Loyalist migration to British North America after the American Revolutionary War. Over 100,000 Loyalists fled the newly independent United States, with 45,000 settling in Nova Scotia and Quebec. Their arrival increased tensions as they sought more British laws and customs, threatening the rights of the Canadiens under the Quebec Act. It also changed Britain's approach to negotiating land treaties with First Nations, who questioned if their land rights were being respected. The Loyalists petitioned the British government with demands, leading to the 1791 Constitutional Act that divided the colony along the Ottawa River into Upper and Lower Canada.
The document summarizes the English colonization of North America, focusing on Virginia, New England, and Carolina. It describes the founding and early struggles of Jamestown in Virginia in 1607. It then discusses the Puritan pilgrims who founded Plymouth in 1620 and larger Puritan migration to Massachusetts Bay in the 1630s. The document also outlines the establishment of Carolina in the 1670s, the division into North and South Carolina, and the development of the plantation system focused on rice and indigo production by the 1760s.
This document discusses the origin of Negro slavery. It begins by providing context around Europe's colonial expansion following Columbus' discovery of the Americas in 1492. Portugal and Spain initially divided control of newly discovered lands via agreements with the Pope, though other powers like England and France rejected this arrangement. The establishment of colonies in the Americas then led to the introduction and development of Negro slavery as a labor source. The document suggests that British colonies fell into two types - diversified small farm economies or plantations relying on slave labor to produce commodities like sugar.
Canadian Citizenship Test: Timeline of the EventsAshraf Rahmani
This Timeline briefly explains the events discussed in the book entitled "Discover Canada". It helps you prepare for the Canadian Citizenship Test and also know about the country's history.
A PowerPoint that covers the French colony of Canada (New France), and the relations the French had with the natives, and the English colonies. (Created by Mr. Tim Bonnar)
The 4th grade class at MJGDS created an ebook about Fort Caroline, the first French settlement in North America. The ebook contained information on Rene de Laudonniere, who led the French settlers and oversaw the construction of Fort Caroline. It described the challenging voyage for the French to the New World, the design of the fort, and the relationship between the French settlers and the native Timucua people. The students included details on the weapons and cultures of the French, Spanish, and Timucua. They reflected that creating the ebook was an educational project that allowed them to learn about and share the history of Fort Caroline using modern technology.
The document provides an overview of the early colonial history of North America, focusing on the Chesapeake Bay colonies of Virginia and Maryland, New England, and the borderlands. It discusses the founding and early struggles of Jamestown, the emergence of tobacco agriculture, and Bacon's Rebellion in Virginia. In New England, it outlines the founding of Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay colonies, religious dissent, and conflicts with Native Americans. The growth of the middle colonies and impact of the English Civil War are also summarized.
First English Settlements Roanoke Jamestown Plymouth Packetbkind2animals
The document provides an overview of study materials and plans for a student. It includes a table of contents listing pages about Roanoke, Jamestown, and Plymouth. It then has a personal study plan checklist for the student to select activities to help prepare for a test. These activities include reviewing notes, highlighting, reading texts, making notecards, interacting with prompts, studying with family or peers, and doing additional research. The final part provides short answer questions about Roanoke and Jamestown to answer for homework.
Important Names And Dates for Canadian Citizenship ExamJack Frost
Canada has a rich history shaped by influential figures and important events. Some key people who contributed include John A. Macdonald, the first Prime Minister, and Wilfrid Laurier, the first French Canadian Prime Minister. Important dates include 1867 when Canada became a self-governing dominion and 1982 when the constitution was amended to include the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Canada's history involves the contributions of people from diverse backgrounds and the country's development through periods like the World Wars and establishment as a modern nation.
This chapter discusses the early colonial settlements in North America, including the founding of Jamestown and struggles of the early Chesapeake colonies, the establishment of New England by religious dissenters, and the proprietary colonies of the Carolinas, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. It also covers borderland regions such as the Caribbean, where the English developed sugar plantations relying on slave labor, and interactions between colonists and indigenous peoples throughout North America.
The document summarizes the history and development of the New England colonies in the 17th century. It describes how the Puritan colonists who emigrated to New England were self-sufficient farmers and artisans who relied on family labor. Their strong work ethic and climate similar to England allowed them to farm similar crops. The colonies grew through two waves of emigration and developed forms of self-government and commerce like fishing and shipping. Puritans were severe in punishing moral crimes. Roger Williams established Rhode Island after accusing church leaders of not separating enough from the Church of England. The Salem witch trials ended witchcraft prosecutions in New England.
The Lost Colony of Roanoke Island in 1587 consisted of 114 settlers including women and children. Governor John White left the colony to retrieve supplies but was unable to return for three years. When he finally returned, he found the colony abandoned with the word "CROATOAN" carved in a post. It was never determined what happened to the Lost Colony, though theories suggest they integrated with the Croatan Native Americans or were killed in conflicts. Archaeological evidence may provide clues to their ultimate fate.
1) European exploration and conquest in the Americas began in the late 15th century, with Christopher Columbus arriving in the Caribbean in 1492 while seeking a route to Asia. Over subsequent decades, Spanish conquistadors like Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizarro conquered the Aztec and Incan empires and claimed territory for Spain.
2) Meanwhile, other European powers established colonial holdings in North America, including the French in Canada and the English at Jamestown and Plymouth. Conflicts between these powers eventually led to the French and Indian War in the 1750s, resulting in British control of most of eastern North America.
3) The growth of plantation agriculture in the Americas drove the rise of the Atlantic slave
The document provides an overview of the founding and development of the English colonies in North America between 1600-1700. It discusses the establishment of Jamestown as the first permanent English settlement in 1607 and the founding of other colonies like Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Maryland, and their social, economic, and political characteristics. The colonies developed with different motivations and economies, such as the Puritan religious motivations in New England and the growth of the tobacco economy in the Chesapeake region and Jamestown. Religious diversity existed among the colonies.
The English established colonies along the eastern coast of North America in the early 1600s. The Virginia Company founded Jamestown in 1607 as the first permanent English settlement, though it faced many hardships in its early years. John Smith's leadership helped the colony survive. Tobacco later became a lucrative cash crop. African slaves were introduced to the colony in 1619 and the plantation system became dependent on slave labor. The House of Burgesses established the first representative legislative body in the colonies. The New England colonies focused on fishing, whaling, and trade due to poor soil and short growing seasons.
The document provides information about key events in the early history of the Jamestown colony in Virginia from 1606 to the 1670s. It describes how the English established the colony in 1607 and struggled at first due to conflicts with Native Americans, harsh conditions, and lack of leadership. John Smith's leadership helped the colony survive. Later, the cultivation of tobacco as a cash crop and the introduction of slavery helped the colony prosper economically, though it led to the mistreatment of Native Americans and African slaves. Political unrest like Bacon's Rebellion in the 1670s challenged the colonial government.
- The English established their first permanent colony at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607 under the Virginia Company of London. The colony struggled initially with disease and lack of supplies.
- Under the leadership of John Smith, the colony became organized and began growing tobacco for profit. However, after Smith left, the colony suffered through the "Starving Time" winter where few survived.
- The colony stabilized with the arrival of more settlers and supplies. It established the first representative government in America, the House of Burgesses, and became the first English colony to have slaves and indentured servants arrive. Conflict with native Powhatan people continued sporadically.
The document summarizes the early history of the Jamestown colony in Virginia from 1607-1676. It discusses how the colony was established by the Virginia Company in 1607, their early struggles and near failure due to harsh conditions, the leadership of John Smith that helped the colony survive, the introduction of tobacco farming that led to prosperity, the establishment of representative government with the House of Burgesses in 1619, the marriage of Pocahontas to help broker peace with native tribes, the arrival of the first slaves in 1619, and subsequent tensions and attacks that threatened the colony.
The document summarizes the formation and independence of the United States of America. It describes how the original 13 colonies were established by English settlers in the 17th century who sought religious freedom. Tensions rose between the colonies and British rule in the 18th century as the colonies sought more self-governance and Britain imposed new taxes. This led to the American Revolutionary War and the declaration of independence of the United States from Britain in 1776.
This document provides an introduction and table of contents for an eBook about the Lost Colony of Roanoke. The introduction describes how Sir Walter Raleigh organized the colony of Roanoke at Queen Elizabeth's request to establish English lands in the New World. It then discusses Raleigh's relationship with the Queen and how he fell out of favor after marrying one of her maids. The table of contents outlines the various sections that will be covered in the eBook, including the colonists' journey, surviving on Roanoke Island, the Croatan Native Americans, myths and theories about what happened to the colony, and reflections from the student authors.
The document discusses the early colonial history of Virginia from 1606-1619. It notes that the 1606 charter of the Virginia Company guaranteed colonists the same rights as Englishmen. The first permanent English settlement was established at Jamestown in 1607 by about 100 colonists, who experienced high mortality rates due to disease and conflicts with Native Americans. John Smith helped establish order and the colony became prosperous after John Rolfe began cultivating tobacco commercially in 1612. The House of Burgesses was established in 1619, marking the start of representative government in Virginia.
The English began exploring the Americas in 1583 and tried to gain a foothold by establishing colonies on Roanoke Island in 1585 and 1587. However, when supplies ships finally returned to Roanoke in 1590, the colony had completely disappeared, and was later referred to as the "Lost Colony." In 1606, after the war with Spain had ended, the English again looked westward under the charter of the Virginia Company. The first permanent English settlement in North America was established at Jamestown in 1607, where leadership under Captain John Smith enforced work and acquiring food, helping the colony survive. However, by 1619 the colonists wanted representation, leading to the establishment of the House of Bur
The document summarizes the early history of English colonization in North America, beginning with the failed Roanoke colony in 1585. It then discusses the founding of Jamestown, Virginia in 1607, including the difficulties the colony faced in its early years until the cultivation of tobacco brought prosperity. It notes the arrival of the first Africans and growing population, including women. As the colonists expanded their settlements, relations with Native Americans deteriorated. The document also describes the emergence of representative government through the House of Burgesses assembly.
The document provides an overview of British colonial America from the initial European colonization led by Columbus in 1492 through the establishment of the 13 original colonies. It describes the different types of colonies (corporate, proprietary, and royal), the founding and key features of the New England, Middle, and Southern colonies, including their economies, religions, cultures, and politics. The colonies developed from efforts to establish religious refuges to commercial enterprises focused on exporting cash crops like tobacco, rice, and grain.
The English established the Jamestown colony in Virginia in 1607 as their third attempt to colonize North America. The colony was founded by the Virginia Company, a joint stock company financed by English merchants seeking resources and new markets. However, Jamestown struggled for its first ten years due to many colonists not wanting to work and instead searching for gold. Disease and attacks from Native Americans also plagued the colony. By 1609-1610, known as the "Starving Time", over 80% of colonists had died due to famine and poor living conditions. The colony was saved by strong leadership from John Smith and an economic shift to tobacco farming for export to Europe.
The first colony in Virginia was established in 1607 by the Virginia Company of London at Jamestown as a trading settlement. The colony struggled at first, with famine and disease killing many of the original settlers. John Smith helped establish order and a work ethic. Relations with the local Powhatan Indians were initially hostile but improved after Pocahontas helped the settlers. Tobacco cultivation became a lucrative cash crop. The colony became a royal colony in 1624 and continued growing, though relations with frontier settlers and Native Americans remained tense, culminating in Bacon's Rebellion in 1676 against Governor Berkeley before the capital was moved to Williamsburg.
European migrations to the Americas in the 17th century were driven by promises of land and rights as English subjects. The Jamestown colony struggled at first due to disease, lack of food, and gold seeking instead of farming. Tobacco eventually made the colony prosperous. Indentured servitude and headrights were used to attract laborers, while slavery gradually replaced indentured servants and the slave trade grew dramatically. Bacon's Rebellion in 1676 exposed class tensions between elites and landless colonists.
The document summarizes England's growing imperial ambitions in North America in the late 1500s and early 1600s. It discusses early failed English colonization attempts and the founding of Jamestown in 1607. It then outlines the development of the early English colonies in North America, including the establishment of joint-stock companies, the growth of tobacco cultivation, the introduction of slavery from the West Indies, and the founding of other colonies like Maryland, the Carolinas, and Georgia through the 1700s.
This document provides an overview of the English conquest and colonization of North America beginning in the late 16th century. It discusses key figures like Queen Elizabeth I and events like the Anglo-Spanish War that enabled English expansion. The first successful English colony was established at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607, though it initially struggled with a high death rate. Indentured servitude became widespread as the Virginia Company offered land to attract settlers and laborers. The document also describes relations with local Powhatan people and the early Chesapeake colonial society.
The document summarizes the major European colonial powers and some of their earliest colonies in North America during the 15th-17th centuries. It discusses the Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, French and British colonies, as well as some of the earliest English settlements like Jamestown, Plymouth, and St. Augustine. Key events mentioned include the founding of Brazil by the Portuguese, the establishment of the 13 British colonies along the eastern seaboard, and the first Thanksgiving celebrated by the Pilgrims in Plymouth in 1621.
The document provides background information on the early English settlement of Jamestown in 1607. It describes the three ships (the Discovery, the Godspeed and the Susan Constant) that arrived carrying settlers with a charter to establish the first permanent English settlement. It then gives details on Jamestown fort, the three sisters crops of corn, beans and squash, and aspects of daily life for the settlers such as thatched roofs and religious services in the early church. The document also provides information on the neighboring Powhatan Indian village and tribe led by Chief Powhatan that inhabited the area at the time.
The document summarizes the early settlement of Jamestown, Virginia by English colonists in 1607. About 100 men disembarked and established the settlement, but faced extreme hardship. Captain John Smith helped lead the colony but many colonists still died from starvation and disease. During the "starving time" winter of 1609-1610, only 60 of the original 400 settlers survived. Lord De La Warr arrived and imposed military rule, helping the colony persevere despite ongoing challenges like disease.
This document discusses the evolution of journalism business models over time from print newspapers to digital media. It explores how newspapers were traditionally funded through advertising and subscriptions but faced challenges as media shifted to the web. New forms of digital journalism emerged but monetizing online content remains an issue. The structure of media ownership is also addressed, from individual ownership in the early days of print to contemporary media consolidation and the role of both commercial and public service models.
This document provides an overview of the history and principles of photojournalism. It discusses how photojournalism captures important moments in history and influences public opinion. Early photojournalists like Mathew Brady documented the Civil War, while others like Dorothea Lange captured the hardships of the Great Depression. The development of new technologies like portable cameras, film, and digital photography have expanded the capabilities of photojournalism. Today, photojournalists aim to tell compelling stories through images and may use multimedia platforms. Proper composition, ethics, and accuracy remain important principles of the craft.
The document discusses the roles and positions within a television broadcast newsroom, including the news director, producer, assignment editor, anchor, reporter, photographer, video editor, graphic artist, and others. It also covers key principles of broadcast news like focusing on visuals, timeliness, and simplicity. Basic story formats are defined, like packages, readers, voiceovers. The advantages are conveying events in real-time with visual impact, while disadvantages include limited airtime, context, and prioritizing entertaining over substantive stories.
This document discusses various challenges facing journalism in the 21st century and new strategies that are emerging. It covers new funding models like paywalls and non-profits that support investigative journalism. It also discusses approaches like "digital first" that prioritize online and mobile delivery of news. New distribution methods like hyperlocal journalism that focuses intensely on local zip code level news are mentioned as well. The document provides definitions for terms like paywalls, e-editions, legacy media, and others. It examines risks that these new models may face in terms of sustainability and independence.
Newspapers are facing an uncertain future as fewer young people regularly read print editions. Traditionally, newspapers generated most of their revenue from advertising and some from print subscriptions. However, more newspapers are now implementing digital paywalls and exploring new revenue models like mobile and online advertising to offset declines in print advertising revenue. Newspapers are also reducing costs by cutting staff and eliminating sections. The traditional news cycle involved daily meetings to assign stories which reporters would write and file by the afternoon for editors to work on meeting evening print deadlines. Key positions in the newsroom include publishers, editors, reporters, copy editors, photographers, and graphics staff.
Here are three reasons from a newspaper naysayer's perspective:
1. Declining print readership and advertising revenue shows newspapers are becoming obsolete as more people, especially younger generations, get their news online.
2. The internet allows for faster, more frequent updates which newspapers can't compete with due to their print cycles. People want real-time information.
3. While some papers have had success with paywalls, most people are accustomed to free news online and aren't willing to pay for content they've been getting freely. Paywalls may slow the revenue decline but won't stop it.
Newspapers played an important role but times have changed. Their future is uncertain at best no matter how optimistic publishers are.
Newspapers are facing an uncertain future as fewer young people regularly read print editions. Traditionally, newspapers generated most of their revenue from advertising and some from print subscriptions. However, ownership has increasingly consolidated into fewer companies. Newspapers follow a traditional production cycle of daily meetings to assign and edit stories for print. Key roles in the newsroom include editors, reporters, photographers and graphic artists who work together to publish new content each day. However, the industry is struggling to adapt to the digital transition and declining revenues have forced newsrooms to reduce staff sizes.
This document discusses the use of social media by journalists. It provides examples of how journalists are using platforms like Twitter, Facebook and LinkedIn to engage with audiences, break news stories, crowdsource information and build their personal brands. The document also addresses some of the challenges of using social media, such as spreading staff too thin or distributing wrong information. Overall, the key message is that social media allows journalists to be more transparent and connect with audiences in new ways, but it also requires careful use to ensure accuracy and represent appropriate identities.
Newspapers are facing an uncertain future as fewer young people regularly read print editions. Traditionally, newspapers generated most of their revenue from advertising and some from print subscriptions. However, more newspapers are implementing digital paywalls and exploring new revenue streams like mobile and online advertising to offset declines in print advertising revenue. Newspapers are also reducing costs by cutting staff and eliminating sections. The traditional news cycle involved daily meetings to assign stories which reporters would write and file by the afternoon for editors to work on meeting evening print deadlines. Key positions in the newsroom include publishers, editors, reporters, copy editors, photographers, and graphics staff.
The document discusses various roles and responsibilities of state governments. It notes that state constitutions have certain shared components like legislatures and governors, but also vary in areas like education, health, transportation and criminal justice. It also discusses state finances through balanced budgets and revenue sources. Federalism creates both national and state powers that sometimes overlap on issues like immigration and same-sex marriage.
This document discusses the rise of citizen journalism and its relationship to professional journalism. It provides pros and cons of citizen journalism, such as expanded coverage but potential unreliability. It examines how some organizations, like CNN's iReport, vet citizen content through rigorous processes involving contacting contributors and using other reporters to verify information. While social media allows more participation, editors still act as gatekeepers in deciding what user-generated content is published. The document advocates for professional standards of accuracy and transparency in citizen journalism. It argues media must embrace public engagement to build trust as people's expectations of participation change in the digital age.
The document discusses the rise of citizen journalism and how it is challenging traditional media models. It outlines how the internet has empowered readers and viewers to participate in content creation and distribution. The old top-down model of journalists creating and controlling the dissemination of content has been replaced by a more collaborative model where consumers can participate and share information directly. This "democratization of content" has given rise to participatory and niche journalism where individuals can cover issues themselves. Several examples are provided of how bloggers and citizen journalists have broken major stories.
This document discusses public journalism and the role of satire in journalism. It examines how The Daily Show and The Colbert Report engage audiences and promote civic participation more than traditional news. While some argue these shows do a better job informing viewers, others note journalists have an obligation to accuracy that comedians do not. The document also outlines principles of journalism like focusing on issues' consequences rather than horse races, and framing them based on their effects, to better serve democracy.
This document discusses the evolution of journalism business models over time from print newspapers to digital media. It explores how newspapers were traditionally funded through advertising and subscriptions but struggled as audiences shifted to online and mobile platforms. The growth of the internet allowed new forms of journalism to emerge but also led to media consolidation and challenges in developing sustainable revenue models. The text examines these trends and debates around commercial versus public service approaches to the "business of journalism."
This document discusses principles of journalism and news. It covers several topics:
1. Group assignments for a journalism class - students will lead discussions on assigned readings and be prepared to summarize articles.
2. Three common metaphors for journalism - the mirror, the watchdog, and the marketplace. Each fulfills different democratic needs like information dissemination and accountability.
3. A definition of journalism as a set of transparent and independent procedures to gather and report truthful information for citizens in a democracy.
Key aspects of journalism discussed are that it must be free but also responsible, and perform functions important to democratic governance like informing citizens and holding power accountable.
This document discusses principles of journalism and news. It covers several topics:
1. Group assignments for a journalism class - students will lead discussions on assigned readings and be prepared to summarize articles.
2. Three common metaphors for journalism - the mirror, the watchdog, and the marketplace. Each fulfills different democratic needs like information dissemination and accountability.
3. A definition of journalism as a set of transparent and independent procedures to gather and report truthful information for citizens in a democracy.
Key aspects of journalism discussed are that it must be free but also responsible, and perform functions important to democratic self-governance like being a forum for discussion and holding power accountable.
This document discusses citizen journalism and its relationship with professional journalism. It explores both the pros and cons of citizen journalism, such as expanded coverage but potential unreliability. It examines different definitions of citizen journalism and how it can serve as a resource for professionals while maintaining journalistic standards. The document also details CNN's process for vetting citizen journalism submissions, emphasizing verification. Engagement between citizens and journalists is presented as valuable when content is carefully edited. Skills like accuracy are argued as necessary for high-quality citizen journalism.
This document discusses principles of journalism and news. It covers several topics:
1. Group assignments for a journalism class - students will lead discussions on assigned readings and be prepared to summarize articles.
2. Three common metaphors for journalism - the mirror, the watchdog, and the marketplace. Each fulfills different democratic needs like information dissemination and accountability.
3. A definition of journalism as a set of transparent and independent procedures to gather and report truthful information for citizens in a democracy.
Key aspects of journalism discussed are that it must be free but also responsible, and perform functions important to democratic governance like informing citizens and holding power accountable.
This document outlines the key topics and readings for a journalism class on how news is made. It includes:
1) Group assignments where students will lead discussions on assigned reading questions and reporting on group attendance.
2) An overview of chapter 3 which covers the distinctions between news, information and journalism, criteria for newsworthiness, the news making process, news beats, enterprise stories, pseudo events and how news is constructed and commodified.
3) Examples of news values like timeliness, proximity, impact and entertainment that influence newsworthiness.
4) The sources of news like planned events, beats, investigations and examples of distinguishing news from just information.
The document discusses the rise of citizen journalism and how it has disrupted traditional media models. It outlines how the internet has empowered readers and viewers to take on more active roles as content creators and collaborators. This "democratization of content" has flipped the traditional model where media organizations solely created and distributed content to audiences. Now, consumers can also act as producers by directly publishing their stories, videos, and perspectives through new digital tools. This participatory model has given more diverse voices a platform and made verifying and spreading information in real time a collaborative process.
9. Who were the first Americans andWho were the first Americans and
when did they arrive?when did they arrive?
Aleuts (aka Eskimos) arrived in
what is now Alaska about 12,000 to
20,000 years ago
10. The first Americans were fromThe first Americans were from
Siberia?!Siberia?!
11. Early Americans were in the StoneEarly Americans were in the Stone
Age, technologicallyAge, technologically
Stone Age hand axes
Stone Age hunter (original color
photo from 12,000 BC, taken with
Stony digital camera)
12. Early Americans migrated throughEarly Americans migrated through
the ice fields of North America . . .the ice fields of North America . . .
13. Part of the ice field still exists, stillPart of the ice field still exists, still
1,000 feet thick1,000 feet thick
14. . . . through Central and South. . . through Central and South
AmericaAmerica
18. Gold, Glory, and GodGold, Glory, and God
Gold from the New World Glory for the mother
country
Bringing God to the Indians
19. New World claimed by severalNew World claimed by several
European countriesEuropean countries
Portuguese in Brazil
Spanish in North,
Central, and South
America
Russians in Alaska
(1740s)
French in Canada
and Louisiana
Several nations
in Caribbean
21. Three types of colonial governmentThree types of colonial government
Royal: owned and controlled by king/queenRoyal: owned and controlled by king/queen
Corporate: owned by settlers’ corporationCorporate: owned by settlers’ corporation
Proprietary: owned by individual or small groupProprietary: owned by individual or small group
22. Roanoke Island: first EnglishRoanoke Island: first English
attempt at colonization failsattempt at colonization fails
(1584-1587)(1584-1587)
23. The “Lost Colony” of RoanokeThe “Lost Colony” of Roanoke
Sir Walter Raleigh, fancy
dresser and founder
of the colony of Roanoke
Only clue to disappearance of
colonists: the word “Croatoan”
26. Virginia, the First English ColonyVirginia, the First English Colony
(1607)(1607)
Founded by the Virginia CompanyFounded by the Virginia Company (1607)(1607)
Mistakes and problems at JamestownMistakes and problems at Jamestown
John Smith to the rescueJohn Smith to the rescue (1608-09)(1608-09)
““The Starving Time”The Starving Time” (1609-10)(1609-10)
Indian wars and massacresIndian wars and massacres (1611, 1622)(1611, 1622)
Failure turns into successFailure turns into success (1612-)(1612-)
Birth of slavery in the English coloniesBirth of slavery in the English colonies
(1660s)(1660s)
29. Virginia, the first English colonyVirginia, the first English colony
(1607)(1607)
Founded by the Virginia CompanyFounded by the Virginia Company (1607)(1607)
Mistakes and problems at JamestownMistakes and problems at Jamestown
John Smith to the rescueJohn Smith to the rescue (1608-09)(1608-09)
““The Starving Time”The Starving Time” (1609-10)(1609-10)
Indian wars and massacresIndian wars and massacres (1611, 1622)(1611, 1622)
Failure turns into successFailure turns into success (1612-)(1612-)
Birth of slavery in the English coloniesBirth of slavery in the English colonies
(1660s)(1660s)
30. ““Smith – John Smith”Smith – John Smith”
The James Bond of the 1600sThe James Bond of the 1600s
31. Like James Bond, taken in andLike James Bond, taken in and
protected by half-naked womenprotected by half-naked women
32. Like James Bond, a knight inLike James Bond, a knight in
shining armor who always wonshining armor who always won
33. Virginia, the first English colonyVirginia, the first English colony
(1607)(1607)
Founded by the Virginia CompanyFounded by the Virginia Company (1607)(1607)
Mistakes and problems at JamestownMistakes and problems at Jamestown
John Smith to the rescueJohn Smith to the rescue (1608-09)(1608-09)
““The Starving Time”The Starving Time” (1609-10)(1609-10)
Indian wars and massacresIndian wars and massacres (1611, 1622)(1611, 1622)
Failure turns into successFailure turns into success (1612-)(1612-)
Birth of slavery in the English coloniesBirth of slavery in the English colonies
(1660s)(1660s)
34. Wars with the local Indians, includingWars with the local Indians, including
two massacrestwo massacres (1611, 1622)(1611, 1622)
35. Virginia, the first English colonyVirginia, the first English colony
(1607)(1607)
Founded by the Virginia CompanyFounded by the Virginia Company (1607)(1607)
Mistakes and problems at JamestownMistakes and problems at Jamestown
John Smith to the rescueJohn Smith to the rescue (1608-09)(1608-09)
““The Starving Time”The Starving Time” (1609-10)(1609-10)
Indian wars and massacresIndian wars and massacres (1611, 1622)(1611, 1622)
Failure turns into successFailure turns into success (1612-)(1612-)
Birth of slavery in the English coloniesBirth of slavery in the English colonies
(1660s)(1660s)
36. From failure to successFrom failure to success
Developed tobacco as a cash cropDeveloped tobacco as a cash crop (1612)(1612)
Developed the first representativeDeveloped the first representative
legislature in the New Worldlegislature in the New World (1619)(1619)
Taken over by King James I and made aTaken over by King James I and made a
royal colonyroyal colony (1624)(1624)
37. John RolfeJohn Rolfe
Cartoon character, farmer, husbandCartoon character, farmer, husband
Putting the moves
on Pocahontas
Experimenting
with tobacco
Marrying Pocahontas
39. From failure to successFrom failure to success
Developed tobacco as a cash cropDeveloped tobacco as a cash crop (1612)(1612)
Developed the first representativeDeveloped the first representative
legislature in the New Worldlegislature in the New World (1619)(1619)
Taken over by King James I and made aTaken over by King James I and made a
royal colonyroyal colony (1624)(1624)
40. Virginia, the first English colonyVirginia, the first English colony
(1607)(1607)
Founded by the Virginia CompanyFounded by the Virginia Company (1607)(1607)
Mistakes and problems at JamestownMistakes and problems at Jamestown
John Smith to the rescueJohn Smith to the rescue (1608-09)(1608-09)
““The Starving Time”The Starving Time” (1609-10)(1609-10)
Indian wars and massacresIndian wars and massacres (1611, 1622)(1611, 1622)
Failure turns into successFailure turns into success (1612-)(1612-)
Birth of slavery in the English coloniesBirth of slavery in the English colonies
(1660s)(1660s)
44. PlymouthPlymouth (1620)(1620)
Settled by the Pilgrims (aka Separatists) to escapeSettled by the Pilgrims (aka Separatists) to escape
religious persecutionreligious persecution
The Mayflower CompactThe Mayflower Compact
The First Thanksgiving? (nope)The First Thanksgiving? (nope)
Eventually absorbed into MassachusettsEventually absorbed into Massachusetts (1691)(1691)
46. Earlier ThanksgivingsEarlier Thanksgivings
Native American tribes had similarNative American tribes had similar
celebrations for hundreds of yearscelebrations for hundreds of years
Spanish explorers near El PasoSpanish explorers near El Paso (1598)(1598)
English settlers at JamestownEnglish settlers at Jamestown (1619)(1619)
49. MassachusettsMassachusetts (1630)(1630)
Settled by the Puritans for religious reasonsSettled by the Puritans for religious reasons
Started on a much larger scaleStarted on a much larger scale
Spun off other colonies in New EnglandSpun off other colonies in New England
Second only to Virginia in wealth and powerSecond only to Virginia in wealth and power
51. New YorkNew York (1624 or 1664)(1624 or 1664)
Settled by the Dutch for riches and empireSettled by the Dutch for riches and empire (1624)(1624)
Fur tradersFur traders
Farmers (patroons)Farmers (patroons)
Captured by the EnglishCaptured by the English (1664)(1664)
Duke of York = proprietorDuke of York = proprietor
Along with Virginia, Pennsylvania, &Along with Virginia, Pennsylvania, &
Massachusetts, one of the larger colonies by 1776Massachusetts, one of the larger colonies by 1776
52. The purchase of Manhattan Island:The purchase of Manhattan Island:
Indians scam the EuropeansIndians scam the Europeans (1626)(1626)
53. New YorkNew York (1624 or 1664)(1624 or 1664)
Settled by the Dutch for riches and empireSettled by the Dutch for riches and empire (1624)(1624)
Fur tradersFur traders
Farmers (patroons)Farmers (patroons)
Captured by the EnglishCaptured by the English (1664)(1664)
Duke of York = proprietorDuke of York = proprietor
Along with Virginia, Pennsylvania, &Along with Virginia, Pennsylvania, &
Massachusetts, one of the larger colonies by 1776Massachusetts, one of the larger colonies by 1776
54. The Duke of York:The Duke of York:
proprietor and fashion victimproprietor and fashion victim
56. PennsylvaniaPennsylvania (1682)(1682)
Founded by William Penn as a religiousFounded by William Penn as a religious
haven for the Society of Friends (Quakers)haven for the Society of Friends (Quakers)
Frame of GovernmentFrame of Government (1682)(1682)
Quakers eventually outnumbered by non-Quakers eventually outnumbered by non-
QuakersQuakers
62. GeorgiaGeorgia (1733)(1733)
Founded by wealthy EnglishFounded by wealthy English
philanthropists, led by James Oglethorpephilanthropists, led by James Oglethorpe
Motives for settlement of GeorgiaMotives for settlement of Georgia
Dreamy, idealistic motives mostly failedDreamy, idealistic motives mostly failed
Became royal colonyBecame royal colony (1753)(1753)
63. The Trustees (aka proprietors) ofThe Trustees (aka proprietors) of
GeorgiaGeorgia
James OglethorpeJames Oglethorpe
The London Trustees meet Indians from GeorgiaThe London Trustees meet Indians from Georgia
64. Silk worms were supposed toSilk worms were supposed to
support the settlers of Georgiasupport the settlers of Georgia
Silk worms eat mulberry leavesSilk worms eat mulberry leaves A mulberry leaf’s view ofA mulberry leaf’s view of
a silk worma silk worm
65. GeorgiaGeorgia (1733)(1733)
Founded by wealthy EnglishFounded by wealthy English
philanthropists, led by James Oglethorpephilanthropists, led by James Oglethorpe
Motives for settlement of GeorgiaMotives for settlement of Georgia
Dreamy, idealistic motives mostly failedDreamy, idealistic motives mostly failed
Became royal colonyBecame royal colony (1753)(1753)
66. THE COLONIES AS PARTTHE COLONIES AS PART
OF THE ENGLISH EMPIREOF THE ENGLISH EMPIRE
67. MercantilismMercantilism
Definition: an economic system to increase nationalDefinition: an economic system to increase national
wealth and power by heavy government regulationwealth and power by heavy government regulation
and control of the nation’s economyand control of the nation’s economy
Aim: accumulate gold and silverAim: accumulate gold and silver
Three elements:Three elements:
National self-sufficiencyNational self-sufficiency
Favorable balance of tradeFavorable balance of trade
Monopoly of trade in own empireMonopoly of trade in own empire
72. British and French struggle forBritish and French struggle for
control of North Americacontrol of North America
73. Competition for dominanceCompetition for dominance
between British and Frenchbetween British and French
Forming allies through tradeForming allies through trade
Building fortsBuilding forts
Fighting warsFighting wars
74. Five warsFive wars (1680s-1780s)(1680s-1780s)
King William’s WarKing William’s War (1689-97)(1689-97)
Queen Anne’s WarQueen Anne’s War (1702-13)(1702-13)
King George’s WarKing George’s War (1740-48)(1740-48)
French & Indian WarFrench & Indian War (1754-63)(1754-63)
American War for IndependenceAmerican War for Independence (1776-83)(1776-83)
98. Coercive (aka Intolerable) ActsCoercive (aka Intolerable) Acts
Boston Port ActBoston Port Act: closed port of Boston: closed port of Boston
Justice ActJustice Act: moved some trials to England: moved some trials to England
Government ActGovernment Act: focused power on governor: focused power on governor
Quartering ActQuartering Act: required colonists to provide: required colonists to provide
housing in their homes for British soldiershousing in their homes for British soldiers
99. A political cartoon protesting theA political cartoon protesting the
Intolerable ActsIntolerable Acts
100. The 1The 1stst
Continental Congress metContinental Congress met
in Philadelphia’s Carpenter’s Hallin Philadelphia’s Carpenter’s Hall
101. The midnight ride of Paul RevereThe midnight ride of Paul Revere
(and Samuel Prescott and William Dawes)(and Samuel Prescott and William Dawes)
102. The shooting startsThe shooting starts
at Lexington and Concordat Lexington and Concord
107. Amendments to Jefferson’s draft ofAmendments to Jefferson’s draft of
the Declaration of Independencethe Declaration of Independence
108. Jefferson and his committee presentJefferson and his committee present
the Declaration of Independencethe Declaration of Independence
to Congressto Congress
109. Was the American RevolutionWas the American Revolution
“conservative”?“conservative”?
Purpose: toPurpose: to hold ontohold onto, to, to keepkeep, to, to preservepreserve the oldthe old
ways (pre-1750s) before all the recent troublesways (pre-1750s) before all the recent troubles
No taxation without representationNo taxation without representation
No strict enforcement of trade lawsNo strict enforcement of trade laws
No aggressive searchesNo aggressive searches
No king’s veto of colonial lawsNo king’s veto of colonial laws
No quartering of British soldiers in homesNo quartering of British soldiers in homes
121. The British surrenderThe British surrender
at Yorktown, Virginiaat Yorktown, Virginia (1781)(1781)
122. The guy who really defeated theThe guy who really defeated the
British at Yorktown and won theBritish at Yorktown and won the
war: The Patriotwar: The Patriot
123. U.S. representatives at Paris peaceU.S. representatives at Paris peace
talks: Franklin, Jay, Adamstalks: Franklin, Jay, Adams
124. Treaty of ParisTreaty of Paris (1783)(1783)
British recognized U.S. independenceBritish recognized U.S. independence
Boundaries: Great LakesBoundaries: Great Lakes
Mississippi RiverMississippi River
Spanish FloridaSpanish Florida
British agreed to leave U.S. soil immediatelyBritish agreed to leave U.S. soil immediately
Americans’ debts to British = validatedAmericans’ debts to British = validated
Congress urged states to restore rights ofCongress urged states to restore rights of
the Loyalists (aka Tories)the Loyalists (aka Tories)
125. The Treaty of Paris changed theThe Treaty of Paris changed the
map of North Americamap of North America
131. Independence Hall in PhiladelphiaIndependence Hall in Philadelphia
Site of the constitutional conventionSite of the constitutional convention
132. George Washington presides at theGeorge Washington presides at the
Philadelphia ConventionPhiladelphia Convention
133. The room where the constitutionThe room where the constitution
was written, as it appeared in 1787was written, as it appeared in 1787
134. Players at the constitutionalPlayers at the constitutional
conventionconvention
James MadisonJames Madison
Roger ShermanRoger Sherman
Benjamin FranklinBenjamin Franklin
George WashingtonGeorge Washington
135. Patrick Henry didn’t attend. Said hePatrick Henry didn’t attend. Said he
“smelled a rat.”“smelled a rat.”
141. Hamilton’s fiscal planHamilton’s fiscal plan
Pay off the entire debt, federal and statePay off the entire debt, federal and state
Raise revenue with high tariff + new taxesRaise revenue with high tariff + new taxes
Create a national bankCreate a national bank
142. Funding and assumptionFunding and assumption
Funding: accumulating enough money toFunding: accumulating enough money to
pay off a debtpay off a debt
Assumption: the federal government paysAssumption: the federal government pays
off (assumes) debts owed by the statesoff (assumes) debts owed by the states
143. Bank of the United StatesBank of the United States
in Philadelphiain Philadelphia
144. Strict and loose constructionStrict and loose construction
Strict constructionStrict construction: if X isn’t listed in plain: if X isn’t listed in plain
language in the Constitution as a power oflanguage in the Constitution as a power of
the federal government, then the federalthe federal government, then the federal
government has no power to do Xgovernment has no power to do X
Loose constructionLoose construction: the federal government: the federal government
does have the power to do X ifdoes have the power to do X if
(1) X isn’t(1) X isn’t prohibitedprohibited in the Constitution andin the Constitution and
(2) X helps the government carry out any of(2) X helps the government carry out any of
its regular, listed (i.e., specified) powersits regular, listed (i.e., specified) powers
145. The Jay Treaty made JayThe Jay Treaty made Jay
unpopularunpopular
Damn John Jay! Damn everyone that won'tDamn John Jay! Damn everyone that won't
damn John Jay! Damn every one that won'tdamn John Jay! Damn every one that won't
put lights in his window and sit up allput lights in his window and sit up all
night damning John Jay!night damning John Jay!
A common complaint at the time:A common complaint at the time:
146. Pres. John Adams kept the navalPres. John Adams kept the naval
war with France undeclaredwar with France undeclared
147. Jefferson and Hamilton led the firstJefferson and Hamilton led the first
two political partiestwo political parties
Leader of the Democratic RepublicansLeader of the Democratic Republicans Leader of the FederalistsLeader of the Federalists
Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson Alexander HamiltonAlexander Hamilton
148. The visions of Jefferson andThe visions of Jefferson and
Hamilton for the new nationHamilton for the new nation
Jefferson:Jefferson: democratic, agrarian societydemocratic, agrarian society
broad diffusion of wealthbroad diffusion of wealth
sympathies with debtorssympathies with debtors
feared centralized powerfeared centralized power
trusted people’s abilitiestrusted people’s abilities
Hamilton:Hamilton: balanced economybalanced economy
federal aid to industry, commercefederal aid to industry, commerce
sympathies with creditorssympathies with creditors
favored centralized powerfavored centralized power
distrusted people’s abilities to govern themselvesdistrusted people’s abilities to govern themselves
149. Pres. Washington reviews thePres. Washington reviews the
troops sent to suppress thetroops sent to suppress the
whiskey rebelswhiskey rebels
150. Pres. John Adams signed the AlienPres. John Adams signed the Alien
& Sedition Acts& Sedition Acts (1798)(1798)
151. Authors of the Kentucky & VirginiaAuthors of the Kentucky & Virginia
Resolutions and best budsResolutions and best buds
Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson James MadisonJames Madison
152. THE NEW NATIONTHE NEW NATION
GROWS UPGROWS UP
The Virginia DynastyThe Virginia Dynasty
1801-251801-25
153. Candidates in the election of 1800Candidates in the election of 1800
JeffersonJefferson
Democratic-RepublicanDemocratic-Republican
BurrBurr
Democratic-RepublicanDemocratic-Republican
AdamsAdams
FederalistFederalist
154. MarburyMarbury vsvs. Madison. Madison
Justice of the PeaceJustice of the Peace
William MarburyWilliam Marbury
Secretary of StateSecretary of State
James MadisonJames Madison
157. Key figuresKey figures
in the Louisiana Purchasein the Louisiana Purchase
Napoleon wanted to sellNapoleon wanted to sell Jefferson wanted to buyJefferson wanted to buy
159. Raising of the U.S. flag over theRaising of the U.S. flag over the
Louisiana PurchaseLouisiana Purchase
160. Trail of Lewis & Clark (1804-06)Trail of Lewis & Clark (1804-06)
161. The War of 1812The War of 1812
CausesCauses
U.S. advantages and disadvantagesU.S. advantages and disadvantages
Treaty of Ghent (1814)Treaty of Ghent (1814)
Battle of New Orleans (1814-15)Battle of New Orleans (1814-15)
SignificanceSignificance
162. The HMSThe HMS LeopardLeopard fires on the USSfires on the USS
ChesapeakeChesapeake (1807)(1807)
163. The British navy “impresses” sailorsThe British navy “impresses” sailors
on U.S. shipson U.S. ships
164. The British burn Washington, DCThe British burn Washington, DC
18141814
173. The 36-30 line split the LouisianaThe 36-30 line split the Louisiana
PurchasePurchase
174. President James Monroe warnedPresident James Monroe warned
the Euroweenies to back offthe Euroweenies to back off
175. THE RISE OF THETHE RISE OF THE
“COMMON MAN”“COMMON MAN”
The Jacksonian PeriodThe Jacksonian Period
1820s-1830s1820s-1830s
176. Major candidates in the presidentialMajor candidates in the presidential
election of 1824election of 1824
Secretary of the TreasurySecretary of the Treasury
William CrawfordWilliam Crawford
Secretary of StateSecretary of State
John Quincy AdamsJohn Quincy Adams
Speaker of theSpeaker of the
HouseHouse
Henry ClayHenry Clay
SenatorSenator
Andrew JacksonAndrew Jackson
177. Nationalist wing of the partyNationalist wing of the party
22ndnd
Bank of the United StatesBank of the United States
Protective (higher) tariffsProtective (higher) tariffs
Strong central governmentStrong central government
Loose constructionLoose construction
Henry Clay, J. A. Adams, Daniel WebsterHenry Clay, J. A. Adams, Daniel Webster
178. Traditional wing of the partyTraditional wing of the party
Suspicious of all banksSuspicious of all banks
Low (revenue) tariffsLow (revenue) tariffs
States’ rights, laissez faire, strictStates’ rights, laissez faire, strict
constructionconstruction
Andrew Jackson, Martin Van Buren,Andrew Jackson, Martin Van Buren,
John C. CalhounJohn C. Calhoun
179. An ad for Andrew Jackson, “theAn ad for Andrew Jackson, “the
man of the people”man of the people”
180. Jackson’s political philosophyJackson’s political philosophy
States rightsStates rights
Laissez faireLaissez faire
Strict constructionStrict construction
Suspicion of banksSuspicion of banks
President = “tribune ofPresident = “tribune of
the people”the people”
181. The “common man” at Jackson’sThe “common man” at Jackson’s
inauguration partyinauguration party (1828)(1828)
182. The 2The 2ndnd
B.U.S. and its presidentB.U.S. and its president
Nicholas BiddleNicholas Biddle
184. Jackson the way his opponentsJackson the way his opponents
saw him – as “King Andrew” thesaw him – as “King Andrew” the
tyranttyrant
185. Jackson and Calhoun disagreed onJackson and Calhoun disagreed on
nullificationnullification
President Andrew JacksonPresident Andrew Jackson Vice-President John C. CalhounVice-President John C. Calhoun
192. William Lloyd Garrison and hisWilliam Lloyd Garrison and his
newspaper,newspaper, The LiberatorThe Liberator
193. The Nat Turner uprising in Virginia:The Nat Turner uprising in Virginia:
Contemporary news accountContemporary news account
194. The “positive good” defense ofThe “positive good” defense of
slavery painted slaves as happyslavery painted slaves as happy
195. THE NATION BEGINSTHE NATION BEGINS
TO CRACKTO CRACK
The Sectional CrisisThe Sectional Crisis
1840s-1850s1840s-1850s
196. Stephen F. Austin broughtStephen F. Austin brought
immigrants from U.S. to Texasimmigrants from U.S. to Texas
197. Leaders at the Battle of the AlamoLeaders at the Battle of the Alamo
William TravisWilliam Travis James BowieJames Bowie Davy CrockettDavy Crockett
Antonio Lopez de Santa AnnaAntonio Lopez de Santa Anna
198. Scenes from the Battle of theScenes from the Battle of the
AlamoAlamo
200. Americans fulfilled their “ManifestAmericans fulfilled their “Manifest
Destiny” by moving westDestiny” by moving west
201. Border dispute: the Rio Grande orBorder dispute: the Rio Grande or
the Nueces?the Nueces?
202. Three theaters of combat in theThree theaters of combat in the
U.S.-Mexican WarU.S.-Mexican War
203. Gen. Winfield Scott leads anGen. Winfield Scott leads an
amphibious invasion into Mexicoamphibious invasion into Mexico
204. The U.S. Army captured MexicoThe U.S. Army captured Mexico
City in September 1847City in September 1847
205. Treaty of Guadalupe HidalgoTreaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Mexico cedes 525,000 square miles to U.S.Mexico cedes 525,000 square miles to U.S.
(everything from Texas to the Pacific Ocean)(everything from Texas to the Pacific Ocean)
Mexico accepts Rio Grande as Texas borderMexico accepts Rio Grande as Texas border
U.S. pays Mexico $15 millionU.S. pays Mexico $15 million
U.S. pays Mexico’s debts ($3.25 million) to U.S.U.S. pays Mexico’s debts ($3.25 million) to U.S.
citizenscitizens
207. Should slavery be allowed toShould slavery be allowed to
spread into Mexican Cession?spread into Mexican Cession?
Wilmot ProvisoWilmot Proviso (1846)(1846): Congress should say: Congress should say
“no”“no”
Calhoun’s Senate resolutions:Calhoun’s Senate resolutions: (1847)(1847) : the: the
Constitution says “yes”Constitution says “yes”
Popular sovereigntyPopular sovereignty (1848)(1848): settlers in the: settlers in the
territories should decide, yes or noterritories should decide, yes or no
209. Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850
California admitted into Union as free stateCalifornia admitted into Union as free state
Utah and New Mexico organized as territories with popularUtah and New Mexico organized as territories with popular
sovereigntysovereignty
Slave trade banned in District of ColumbiaSlave trade banned in District of Columbia
Stronger fugitive law passedStronger fugitive law passed
Texas accepted smaller, present borders for $10 million (toTexas accepted smaller, present borders for $10 million (to
pay off state debt)pay off state debt)
210. The Compromise of 1850The Compromise of 1850
changed the mapchanged the map
211. Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850
California admitted into Union as free stateCalifornia admitted into Union as free state
Utah and New Mexico organized as territories with popularUtah and New Mexico organized as territories with popular
sovereigntysovereignty
Slave trade banned in District of ColumbiaSlave trade banned in District of Columbia
Stronger fugitive law passedStronger fugitive law passed
Texas accepted smaller, present borders for $10 million (toTexas accepted smaller, present borders for $10 million (to
pay off state debt)pay off state debt)
212. Buying and selling of slaves nowBuying and selling of slaves now
banned in District of Columbiabanned in District of Columbia
213. New fugitive-slave law made it easierNew fugitive-slave law made it easier
for owners to catch runawaysfor owners to catch runaways
214. Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850
California admitted into Union as free stateCalifornia admitted into Union as free state
Utah and New Mexico organized as territories with popularUtah and New Mexico organized as territories with popular
sovereigntysovereignty
Slave trade banned in District of ColumbiaSlave trade banned in District of Columbia
Stronger fugitive law passedStronger fugitive law passed
Texas accepted smaller, present borders for $10 million (toTexas accepted smaller, present borders for $10 million (to
pay off state debt)pay off state debt)
215. Texas accepted its smaller, presentTexas accepted its smaller, present
borders for $10 millionborders for $10 million
216. Harriet Beecher Stowe and anHarriet Beecher Stowe and an
advertisement for her noveladvertisement for her novel
217. Senator Stephen A. Douglas of IllinoisSenator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois
218. The gold rush showed the need forThe gold rush showed the need for
a transcontinental railroada transcontinental railroad
219. A transcontinental railroad fromA transcontinental railroad from
Chicago would have to crossChicago would have to cross
unorganized wildernessunorganized wilderness
220. Woman gathering “buffalo chips” forWoman gathering “buffalo chips” for
fuel in the unorganized wildernessfuel in the unorganized wilderness
221. Sen. Douglas created two newSen. Douglas created two new
territories with popular sovereigntyterritories with popular sovereignty
222. Dred Scott andDred Scott and
Chief Justice Roger B. TaneyChief Justice Roger B. Taney
223. Scott and his owner’s family movedScott and his owner’s family moved
to free territory (now Minnesota)to free territory (now Minnesota)
224. Dred Scott’s courthouse is in theDred Scott’s courthouse is in the
shadow of the St. Louis archshadow of the St. Louis arch
225. The U.S. Supreme Court chamberThe U.S. Supreme Court chamber
for the Dred Scott casefor the Dred Scott case
230. The fire station later became aThe fire station later became a
tourist attractiontourist attraction
231. The courtroom for John Brown’sThe courtroom for John Brown’s
trial in Virginiatrial in Virginia
232. Four major candidates for presidentFour major candidates for president
in 1860in 1860
Senator Stephen A. DouglasSenator Stephen A. Douglas
Vice President John C. BreckinridgeVice President John C. Breckinridge
Former U.S. senatorFormer U.S. senator
John BellJohn Bell
Former U.S.Former U.S.
RepresentativeRepresentative
AbrahamAbraham
LincolnLincoln
233. Platforms of the four partiesPlatforms of the four parties
Douglas Democrats: popular sovereigntyDouglas Democrats: popular sovereignty
and Unionand Union
Southern Democrats: CongressionalSouthern Democrats: Congressional
protection of slavery in territories,protection of slavery in territories,
acquire Cubaacquire Cuba
Constitutional Unionists: preserve theConstitutional Unionists: preserve the
Union, accept Dred Scott decisionUnion, accept Dred Scott decision
Republicans: oppose spread of slavery,Republicans: oppose spread of slavery,
preserve the Unionpreserve the Union
237. The southern states seceded in twoThe southern states seceded in two
waves (winter & spring 1860-61)waves (winter & spring 1860-61)
238. Spelling is importantSpelling is important
Secede – not “succeed”Secede – not “succeed”
Secession – not “succession”Secession – not “succession”
245. Antietam: first battlefield in historyAntietam: first battlefield in history
photographed soon after the shootingphotographed soon after the shooting
246. Significance of the AntietamSignificance of the Antietam
campaigncampaign
Bloodiest day of war and U.S. historyBloodiest day of war and U.S. history
Ended Lee’s invasionEnded Lee’s invasion
Ended threat of European interventionEnded threat of European intervention
Led directly to Emancipation ProclamationLed directly to Emancipation Proclamation
247. The Emancipation ProclamationThe Emancipation Proclamation
freed most (not all) of the slavesfreed most (not all) of the slaves
248. The Confederate view of LincolnThe Confederate view of Lincoln
and the Emancipation Proclamationand the Emancipation Proclamation
249. A northern cartoon celebrating theA northern cartoon celebrating the
Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation Proclamation
250. The commanders at Gettysburg:The commanders at Gettysburg:
George G. Meade & Robert E. LeeGeorge G. Meade & Robert E. Lee
251. How the two armies arrived atHow the two armies arrived at
GettysburgGettysburg
252. Some of the dead at GettysburgSome of the dead at Gettysburg
253. Pickett’s ChargePickett’s Charge
High tide of the ConfederacyHigh tide of the Confederacy
18631863
1913 re-enactment by former1913 re-enactment by former
Confederates who made the originalConfederates who made the original
charge fifty years earliercharge fifty years earlier
260. Chattanooga was a barrier to theChattanooga was a barrier to the
heart of the Confederacyheart of the Confederacy
261. The charge up Missionary Ridge atThe charge up Missionary Ridge at
the Battle of Chattanoogathe Battle of Chattanooga
262. Significance of the ChattanoogaSignificance of the Chattanooga
campaigncampaign
Cut lines of communication inCut lines of communication in
ConfederacyConfederacy
Opened door into Deep SouthOpened door into Deep South
Led to capture of Atlanta and Sherman’sLed to capture of Atlanta and Sherman’s
March to the SeaMarch to the Sea