The document is an OECD economic survey of Brazil that discusses several economic and social issues facing the country. Some of the main findings are that Brazil's fiscal position has deteriorated, inflation has risen above targets, and the healthcare system faces capacity constraints. Key recommendations include implementing fiscal adjustments, improving monetary policy effectiveness, streamlining taxes, boosting trade, and enhancing healthcare spending efficiency.
Economic growth of around 7½% makes India the fastest-growing G20 economy. The acceleration of structural reforms, the move towards a rule-based policy framework and low commodity prices have provided a strong growth impetus.
Since 2000, the quality of life of Colombians has improved markedly. Macroeconomic and social policies have sustained strong GDP growth and reduced poverty.
Economic growth of around 7½% makes India the fastest-growing G20 economy. The acceleration of structural reforms, the move towards a rule-based policy framework and low commodity prices have provided a strong growth impetus.
Since 2000, the quality of life of Colombians has improved markedly. Macroeconomic and social policies have sustained strong GDP growth and reduced poverty.
Italy is recovering after a deep and long
recession. Structural reforms, accommodative
monetary and fiscal conditions, and low
commodity prices have helped the economy to turn
the corner.
A presentation of the main findings and recommendations of the OECD Economic Survey of Spain 2014 launched 8 September 2014 in Madrid, Spain.
Structural reforms (labour market, banking, fiscal) have put the economy on the road to recovery.
Sweden's output has been lifted by an expanding labour force, investment and a recent pick-up in productivity.Unemployment is receding, although it remains relatively high for vulnerable groups, notably the foreign-born.
Following years of unsustainable economic policies, Argentina has undertaken ambitious reforms. Further wide-ranging structural reforms are needed to respond to challenges still lying ahead. Protecting the poor and ensuring that growth is inclusive and sustainable are key priorities.
Luxembourg is an advanced economy with the highest per capita income in the OECD, reflecting the dynamic services sector, notably in banking and other financial services.
Italy is recovering after a deep and long
recession. Structural reforms, accommodative
monetary and fiscal conditions, and low
commodity prices have helped the economy to turn
the corner.
A presentation of the main findings and recommendations of the OECD Economic Survey of Spain 2014 launched 8 September 2014 in Madrid, Spain.
Structural reforms (labour market, banking, fiscal) have put the economy on the road to recovery.
Sweden's output has been lifted by an expanding labour force, investment and a recent pick-up in productivity.Unemployment is receding, although it remains relatively high for vulnerable groups, notably the foreign-born.
Following years of unsustainable economic policies, Argentina has undertaken ambitious reforms. Further wide-ranging structural reforms are needed to respond to challenges still lying ahead. Protecting the poor and ensuring that growth is inclusive and sustainable are key priorities.
Luxembourg is an advanced economy with the highest per capita income in the OECD, reflecting the dynamic services sector, notably in banking and other financial services.
Presentation delivered by OECD Secretary-General Angel Gurría for the joint launch of the 2018 Environmental Performance Review and Economic Survey of the Czech Republic.
Boosting private investment for growth and competitiveness in Argentina. A view from the OECD
OECD EMnet Business Meeting on Latin America
Buenos Aires, 14 November 2017
While growth has picked up, more needs to be done for Japan to overcome two key challenges – a record high government debt ratio and an accelerating decline in its working-age
population.
Domestic resource mobilization for micro and small enterprisesjlpereirao
Micro and Small Enterprises (MSE) are very important in Bolivia, eight out of ten employments are created by this sector. Most of MSEs work in an informal economy, having strong impact in job quality, tax contribution and weak national services delivered to this companies. Aimed to public authorities and cooperation agencies, the proposal explore some financial mechanism and tools that can allow incorporate this sector to formal economy, improving productivity, work conditions and cluster integration. Bolivian Economic and Social Development Plan 2015-2020 is specific in looking for a strong MSE participation in the national effort aimed to diversify the productive matrix
Domestic Resource Mobilization for micro and small enterprises in Boliviajlpereirao
Micro and Small Enterprises (MSE) are very important in Bolivia, eight out of ten employments are created by this sector. Most of MSEs work in an informal economy, having strong impact in job quality, tax contribution and weak national services delivered to this companies. Aimed to public authorities and cooperation agencies, the proposal explore some financial mechanism and tools that can allow incorporate this sector to formal economy, improving productivity, work conditions and cluster integration. Bolivian Economic and Social Development Plan 2015-2020 is specific in looking for a strong MSE participation in the national effort aimed to diversify the productive matrix
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
Abhay Bhutada Leads Poonawalla Fincorp To Record Low NPA And Unprecedented Gr...Vighnesh Shashtri
Under the leadership of Abhay Bhutada, Poonawalla Fincorp has achieved record-low Non-Performing Assets (NPA) and witnessed unprecedented growth. Bhutada's strategic vision and effective management have significantly enhanced the company's financial health, showcasing a robust performance in the financial sector. This achievement underscores the company's resilience and ability to thrive in a competitive market, setting a new benchmark for operational excellence in the industry.
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the Telegram username
@Pi_vendor_247
1. Elemental Economics - Introduction to mining.pdfNeal Brewster
After this first you should: Understand the nature of mining; have an awareness of the industry’s boundaries, corporate structure and size; appreciation the complex motivations and objectives of the industries’ various participants; know how mineral reserves are defined and estimated, and how they evolve over time.
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
Seminar: Gender Board Diversity through Ownership NetworksGRAPE
Seminar on gender diversity spillovers through ownership networks at FAME|GRAPE. Presenting novel research. Studies in economics and management using econometrics methods.
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
Lecture slide titled Fraud Risk Mitigation, Webinar Lecture Delivered at the Society for West African Internal Audit Practitioners (SWAIAP) on Wednesday, November 8, 2023.
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
2. Poverty and inequality have declined
2
Poverty and Gini coefficient
1995-2013
Source: IBGE; World Bank.
0.46
0.48
0.5
0.52
0.54
0.56
0.58
0.6
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Absolute poverty (below USD 2 per day, left scale)
Gini Index (right scale)
3. Health outcomes have improved
3
Life expectancy at birth
Source: OECD Health Statistics 2015, http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/health-data-en.
40
50
60
70
80
90
JPN
ESP
CHE
ITA
FRA
KOR
CAN
GBR
DEU
PRT
OECD
CRI
CHL
USA
POL
TUR
CHN
COL
BRAZIL
MEX
IDN
RUS
IND
ZAF
Years
2013 1970
4. Productivity has been weak
4
Labour productivity, 2000=100
Source: Feenstra, Robert C., Robert Inklaar and Marcel P. Timmer (2013), “The Next Generation of the Penn World Table” available for
download at www.ggdc.net/pwt.
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
BRAZIL China India Mexico South Africa
Thousands of USD / person employed, at purchasing power parities
5. The economy is in recession
5
Quarterly GDP growth at seasonally-adjusted annual rates
Source: OECD Economic Outlook Database.
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
2010Q1
2010Q2
2010Q3
2010Q4
2011Q1
2011Q2
2011Q3
2011Q4
2012Q1
2012Q2
2012Q3
2012Q4
2013Q1
2013Q2
2013Q3
2013Q4
2014Q1
2014Q2
2014Q3
2014Q4
2015Q1
2015Q2
8. The fiscal position has deteriorated
8
Primary expenditures and tax revenues
Source: Central Bank; National Treasury.
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Tax revenues (% of GDP) Primary expenditures (% of GDP)
9. Gross debt is rising
9
Possible debt trajectories
Source: OECD calculations.
Implement the fiscal adjustment in line with medium term objectives,
including to stabilise gross debt
Gradually raise the retirement age and index pensions to consumer prices
rather than the minimum wage
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Current plans with primary results of 0.15% (2015), 0.7% (2016), 1.3% (2017) and 2.0% thereafter
Scenario with primary surplus of 3% after 2018
Scenario with continuing transfers to public banks of 1.9% of GDP
% of GDP % of GDP
10. Inflation is high
10
Source : Central Bank.
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Headline inflation YoY Core inflation YoY
Inflation target
Tolerance band
Establish fixed-term appointments for the Central Bank governor and the
members of the Monetary Policy Committee
11. The efficiency of monetary policy could be
improved
11
Monetary policy rate and directed lending rate
Source: Central Bank.
Adjust the directed lending rate in line with the monetary policy rate
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Directed lending rate (TJLP) Monetary policy rate (Selic)
13. Labour productivity in manufacturing is low
13
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
IDN
COL
ECU
BRAZIL
THA
VEN
HRV
MEX
EST
CHL
MYS
TUR
HUN
ZAF
POL
PRT
HKG
SVK
CZE
SVN
GRC
ARG
ITA
NZL
AUS
FRA
KOR
DEU
GBR
JPN
SGP
ISL
AUT
DNK
BEL
FIN
NOR
NLD
USA
SWE
CHE
in thousands of 2005 USD per employee
14. Tax compliance costs are high
14
Hours required to prepare taxes
For a benchmark manufacturing company, 2014
Source: World Bank.
Consolidate indirect taxes into a value added tax with a broad base
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
LUX
CHE
IRL
EST
NOR
FIN
AUS
GBR
SWE
NLD
DNK
CAN
MYS
FRA
ISL
NZL
BEL
CRI
AUT
ESP
RUS
USA
KOR
GRC
PHL
ZAF
SVK
DEU
TUR
ISR
COL
IND
IDN
SVN
CHN
THA
ITA
PRT
HUN
POL
CHL
PER
URY
JPN
MEX
PRY
ARG
CZE
VEN
BRAZIL
15. Brazil trades little with the rest of the world
15
Trade in % of GDP (average 2010-2013)
Source: OECD-WTO Trade in Value Added (TiVA) – July 2015.
Lower tariffs and scale back local content requirements
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
BRAZIL
USA
ARG
JPN
COL
AUS
VEN
IDN
ITA
TUR
FRA
NZL
GRC
ECU
GBR
ZAF
MEX
NOR
CHL
PRT
FIN
HRV
DEU
SWE
POL
DNK
AUT
ISL
KOR
CHE
SVN
CZE
THA
NLD
MYS
BEL
HUN
EST
SVK
Trade in % of GDP (average 2010-13)
16. Regulatory barriers to entrepreneurship are high
16
Indicator scaled from 0 (least restrictive) to 6 (most restrictive)
Source: OECD Product Market Regulation Indicators, 2013, available at www.oecd.org/eco/pmr.
Streamline regulation and reduce barriers to entry
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
SVK
NZL
NLD
ITA
DNK
AUT
CAN
PRT
GBR
RUS
FIN
CHE
EST
POL
DEU
JPN
FRA
AUS
NOR
HUN
SWE
LUX
BEL
SVN
CZE
KOR
GRC
IRL
CHL
ISL
ESP
ZAF
MEX
ISR
TUR
BRAZIL
CHN
IND
17. Brazil’s infrastructure is poor compared to its
major trading partners
17
Normalised to 1 for the value of Brazil
Source: World Economic Forum, World Bank, FIESP.
Improve the technical capacity and planning for infrastructure concessions
Elaborate more detailed tender packages prior to launching tender calls
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Road density Rail density
BRAZIL
Major emerging
trading partners
Major trading
partners
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Road quality Rail quality Port quality
18. Skills are still weak
18
Percentage of students in secondary education enrolled in
vocational programmes
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Data for 2012.
Boost the participation in vocational training to alleviate skill shortages for
technical workers
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
ZAF
BRAZIL
COL
GBR
KOR
LCN
JPN
ARG
NZL
THA
OECD
HUN
IRL
MEX
CRI
RUS
GRC
ESP
IDN
DEU
ISR
EST
FRA
CHN
ISL
CHL
TUR
PRT
DNK
SWE
NOR
LUX
FIN
SVK
CHE
AUS
SVN
ITA
CZE
BEL
AUT
NLD
20. Medical staff is in short supply
20
Practising doctors Practising nurses
Train more doctors and nurses
Implement targets for expanding specialised medical services to reduce
waiting times
Source: OECD Health Statistics 2015.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
RUS
PRT²
DEU
CHE
ITA
ESP
FRA¹
OECD
GBR
USA
CAN¹
JPN
POL
KOR
MEX
CHL²
BRAZIL
COL
TUR¹
CHN
ZAF
IND
IDN
Per 1 000 population
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
CHE
DEU
USA¹
JPN
CAN
FRA¹
OECD
GBR
RUS
ITA¹
PRT¹
CHL²
POL
KOR
ESP
MEX
CHN
TUR¹
BRAZIL
IND
ZAF
IDN
COL
Per 1 000 population
21. Regional disparities are large
21
Registered doctors per 1000 inhabitants
Source: Conselho Federal de Medicina (2013): Pesquisa Demográfica Médica no Brasil.
Strengthen incentives to reduce geographic imbalances
Doctors Doctors affiliated to SUS
22. Enhance spending efficiency in healthcare
22
Potential gains in health-adjusted life expectancy
through efficiency improvements, at constant expenditure levels
Source: OECD calculations based on World Bank and WHO data.
Enhance spending efficiency, including by
developing a more explicit definition of what is covered
wider use of performance indicators and incentive-based mechanisms
shifting the emphasis from hospital care towards primary care services
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
KOR
JPN
ITA
ESP
COL
ISR
CRI
PRT
THA
GRC
FRA
CHL
PER
CHE
AUT
AUS
BOL
IDN
URY
NZL
MEX
VEN
CHN
PAN
SWE
BEL
TUN
DEU
EST
NLD
ARG
POL
FIN
NOR
GBR
DNK
TUR
USA
BRAZIL
IND
RUS
ZAF
23. Improving equity in health expenditures is key
23
Per capita health expenditures, USD at purchasing power parities
Source: OECD Health Statistics 2015, http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/health-data-en; WHO Global Health Expenditure Database.
Gradually phase out the tax deductibility of private healthcare expenses to free
more resources for the SUS
Raise funding for public healthcare
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
Brazilians with
private health
insurance
Brazilians without
private health
insurance
Brazil -
average
24. Great
Good
Regular
Bad
Very bad
N/A
The quality of care could be improved
24
Perceived quality of public healthcare services
Source: CNI, 2012.
Improve the collection of performance indicators and enhance the use of
benchmarking and incentive-based mechanisms, including pay-for-
performance schemes
Provide stronger incentives for accreditation of hospitals. Strengthen the
licensing process, including enforcement mechanisms
Improve the coordination of healthcare services and the exchange of
information by linking databases across healthcare providers
Over 60% of respondents say “bad”
or “very bad”
25. Further recommendations on healthcare
25
Develop clinical guidelines for the choice of cost-effective medicines
Set reference prices for all medicines
Define an exclusive list of reimbursed medicines
Strengthen the role of regional networks through stronger leadership of states
Improve the co-ordination and exchange of information by linking databases
Provide more long-term care services in the public healthcare system
26. SUMMARY: Main Findings
o The fiscal position has deteriorated. Additional long-term fiscal
challenges will arise from population ageing.
o Inflation has risen above the tolerance band.
o A fragmented system of indirect taxes causes high compliance costs.
o High trade protection and weak competitive pressures hold back
productivity.
o Public healthcare services are facing severe capacity constraints and
are unevenly distributed across the country.
o Many healthcare services that are currently provided in hospitals could
be provided more cost-efficiently in primary healthcare units and long-
term care services.
26
27. Key Recommendations
o Implement the fiscal adjustment in line with medium-term objectives,
including a stabilisation of gross debt
o Gradually raise the retirement age and index pensions to consumer
prices
o Consolidate indirect taxes into a value-added tax with a broad base
o Lower tariffs and scale back local content requirements
o Define clearly what is covered in public healthcare services.
o Expand the use of performance indicators and incentive-based
mechanisms in healthcare
o Train more doctors and nurses and implement targets for expanding
specialised medical services to reduce waiting times
27
28. More Information…
www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-brazil.htm
OECD
OECD Economics
Disclaimers:
The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without
prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law.
This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers
and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area.
28
Editor's Notes
Slide 1: I crafted all the bullet points by combining the titles of key recommendations to make sentences.