The OECD Employment Outlook 2014 report discusses several key points:
1) Unemployment has started to decline in OECD countries but further progress is needed as job recovery has been slow and long-term unemployment remains high.
2) The economic crisis has imposed significant personal and social costs through lost earnings and skills depreciation among the long-term unemployed.
3) While fixed-term contracts are increasingly used for new hires, they often do not lead to permanent work, highlighting issues of labor market segmentation.
The 2014 edition of the OECD Employment Outlook reviews recent labour market trends and short-term prospects in OECD and key emerging economies. It zooms in on how the crisis has affected earnings, provides country comparisons of job quality, examines the causes and consequences of non-regular employment, and estimates the impact of qualifications and skills on labour market outcomes.
The 2014 edition of the OECD Employment Outlook reviews recent labour market trends and short-term prospects in OECD and key emerging economies. It zooms in on how the crisis has affected earnings, provides country comparisons of job quality, examines the causes and consequences of non-regular employment, and estimates the impact of qualifications and skills on labour market outcomes.
This Tax Policy Study on Taxation and Skills examines how tax policy can encourage skills development in OECD countries. This study also assesses the returns to tertiary and adult education and examines how these returns are shared between governments and students. The study builds indicators that examine incentives for individuals and governments to invest in education. These indicators take into account the various financial costs of skills investments for individuals such as foregone after-tax earnings and tuition fees, as well as whether investments are financed with savings or with student loans. Costs borne by governments such as grants, scholarships, lost taxes, and skills tax expenditures are also accounted for. The indicators also incorporate the returns to skills investments for individuals and governments through higher after-tax wages and higher tax revenues respectively.
A global study is a core output of Youth4Job project and was done in close cooperation of all PPs. The study is not intended to analyse the situation or causes of youth unemployment - there is already an extensive literature in this regard, but trends or measures recently applied or initiated in order to fight against this problem which is severely affecting the European economy and social welfare.
Importance, awareness and efficiency of adult learning in Europe fmik_ppk_elte
Importance, awareness and efficiency of Adult Learning in Europe”. A Key Note Speech.”It is Always a Good Time to Learn”. Final Conference on Implementing the Action Plan on Adult Learning.
Típus: Tudományos-közéleti-társadalmi megjelenés a projektben elért tudományos eredmények elterjesztésének céljával
Alprojekt: 5.4.3 Tanulás/tanítás kutatása és fejlesztése a felnőtt- és felsőoktatásban
Megjelenés: Budapest. March 8-9, 2011.
Résztvevő: Halász Gábor, előad
National Skills Strategy Slovenia - Launch of the Diagnostic ReportEduSkills OECD
Building the right skills can help countries improve economic prosperity and social cohesion, by contributing to social outcomes such as health, civil and social engagement, by supporting improvement in productivity and growth and by supporting high levels of employment in good quality jobs.
Building an Effective Skills Strategy for Portugal: Moving from Diagnosis to ...EduSkills OECD
This OECD presentation first outlines the major trends impacting the demand for skills globally and the key skills challenges facing Portugal including the low qualifications of the adult population. It then presents the goals and priority areas of the Action Phase of the project “Building a National Skills Strategy for Portugal” and the objectives and structure of the Skills Action workshop held in Lisbon on 4 May 2017 with about 100 stakeholders from a wide range of sectors.
OECD Skills Outlook Global Launch - Skills and Global Value ChainsEduSkills OECD
Since the 1990s, the world has entered a new phase of globalisation. Information and communication technology, trade liberalisation and lower transport costs have enabled firms and countries to fragment the production process into global value chains (GVCs). Many products are now designed in one country and assembled in another country from parts manufactured in several countries. Thirty percent of the value of exports of OECD countries comes from abroad. In this new context, GVCs and skills are more closely interrelated than ever. Skills play a key role in determining countries’ comparative advantages in GVCs. A lot of the opportunities and challenges brought about by GVCs are being affected by countries’ skills.
The OECD Skills Outlook 2017 shows how countries can make the most of global value chains, socially and economically, by investing in the skills of their populations. Applying a “whole of government” approach is crucial. Countries need to develop a consistent set of skills-related policies such as education, employment protection legislation, and migration policies, in coordination with trade and innovation policies. This report presents new analyses based on the Survey of Adult Skills and the Trade in Value Added Database. It also explains what countries would need to do to specialise in technologically advanced industries.
Skills are the foundation upon which the Netherlands must continue to build its growth and prosperity. Following an extended slowdown in the wake of the global economic crisis, the Netherlands has returned to growth. Employment and labour market participation are both strong, and the Netherlands continues to enjoy a good quality of life with a comparatively wealthy society and comparatively low income inequality. Despite this success, the Netherlands cannot afford to be complacent. Ensuring that the Netherlands continues to be a prosperous and inclusive society in the future will mean ensuring that the Netherlands has a highly skilled population that engages in continuous skills development in adulthood, and finds ways to put those skills to effective use in the economy and society.
Where have all the teaching supply staff gone? Check out our new Education white paper for industry insights and strategies for education recruiters.
Inbox me to find out how we can dramatically increase your stats today! linkedin.com/in/lee-knowles-musthire
Skills Outlook 2015: Youth, Skills and EmployabilityEduSkills OECD
(Andreas Schleicher, Director for the OECD Directorate for Education and Skills) Young people around the world are struggling to enter the labour market. In some OECD countries, one in four 16-29 year-olds is neither employed nor in education or training. The OECD Skills Outlook 2015 shows how improving the employability of youth requires a comprehensive approach. While education, social, and labour market policies have key roles to play, co-ordination between public policies and the private sector is also crucial. The publication, which builds on the results of the 2012 Survey of Adult Skills presented in the first edition of the Skills Outlook, also presents examples of successful policies in selected countries.
Presentation by Andreas Schleicher, OECD Director for Education and Skills during the OECD Global Parliamentary Network meeting on 2 October 2014.
International comparisons aren’t perfect, but they show what is possible in education and help countries see themselves in the mirror of the results and opportunities delivered by the world’s educational leaders. This raises the question of what we can learn from the world’s top performing school systems and if what works in one context could provide a model elsewhere. What we’ve learned from PISA is that the leaders in high performing systems have convinced their citizens to make choices that value education, their future, more than consumption today. But placing a high value on education is just part of the equation. Another part is the belief in the possibilities for all children to achieve. Interestingly, many of the world’s top performing school systems combine strong and equitable performance, where students from all social backgrounds do well; pay attention to how they select and train their staff, provide intelligent pathways for teachers to grow in their careers and support their teachers to make innovations in pedagogy; and tend to align policies and practices across all aspects of the system and implement them consistently.
This Tax Policy Study on Taxation and Skills examines how tax policy can encourage skills development in OECD countries. This study also assesses the returns to tertiary and adult education and examines how these returns are shared between governments and students. The study builds indicators that examine incentives for individuals and governments to invest in education. These indicators take into account the various financial costs of skills investments for individuals such as foregone after-tax earnings and tuition fees, as well as whether investments are financed with savings or with student loans. Costs borne by governments such as grants, scholarships, lost taxes, and skills tax expenditures are also accounted for. The indicators also incorporate the returns to skills investments for individuals and governments through higher after-tax wages and higher tax revenues respectively.
A global study is a core output of Youth4Job project and was done in close cooperation of all PPs. The study is not intended to analyse the situation or causes of youth unemployment - there is already an extensive literature in this regard, but trends or measures recently applied or initiated in order to fight against this problem which is severely affecting the European economy and social welfare.
Importance, awareness and efficiency of adult learning in Europe fmik_ppk_elte
Importance, awareness and efficiency of Adult Learning in Europe”. A Key Note Speech.”It is Always a Good Time to Learn”. Final Conference on Implementing the Action Plan on Adult Learning.
Típus: Tudományos-közéleti-társadalmi megjelenés a projektben elért tudományos eredmények elterjesztésének céljával
Alprojekt: 5.4.3 Tanulás/tanítás kutatása és fejlesztése a felnőtt- és felsőoktatásban
Megjelenés: Budapest. March 8-9, 2011.
Résztvevő: Halász Gábor, előad
National Skills Strategy Slovenia - Launch of the Diagnostic ReportEduSkills OECD
Building the right skills can help countries improve economic prosperity and social cohesion, by contributing to social outcomes such as health, civil and social engagement, by supporting improvement in productivity and growth and by supporting high levels of employment in good quality jobs.
Building an Effective Skills Strategy for Portugal: Moving from Diagnosis to ...EduSkills OECD
This OECD presentation first outlines the major trends impacting the demand for skills globally and the key skills challenges facing Portugal including the low qualifications of the adult population. It then presents the goals and priority areas of the Action Phase of the project “Building a National Skills Strategy for Portugal” and the objectives and structure of the Skills Action workshop held in Lisbon on 4 May 2017 with about 100 stakeholders from a wide range of sectors.
OECD Skills Outlook Global Launch - Skills and Global Value ChainsEduSkills OECD
Since the 1990s, the world has entered a new phase of globalisation. Information and communication technology, trade liberalisation and lower transport costs have enabled firms and countries to fragment the production process into global value chains (GVCs). Many products are now designed in one country and assembled in another country from parts manufactured in several countries. Thirty percent of the value of exports of OECD countries comes from abroad. In this new context, GVCs and skills are more closely interrelated than ever. Skills play a key role in determining countries’ comparative advantages in GVCs. A lot of the opportunities and challenges brought about by GVCs are being affected by countries’ skills.
The OECD Skills Outlook 2017 shows how countries can make the most of global value chains, socially and economically, by investing in the skills of their populations. Applying a “whole of government” approach is crucial. Countries need to develop a consistent set of skills-related policies such as education, employment protection legislation, and migration policies, in coordination with trade and innovation policies. This report presents new analyses based on the Survey of Adult Skills and the Trade in Value Added Database. It also explains what countries would need to do to specialise in technologically advanced industries.
Skills are the foundation upon which the Netherlands must continue to build its growth and prosperity. Following an extended slowdown in the wake of the global economic crisis, the Netherlands has returned to growth. Employment and labour market participation are both strong, and the Netherlands continues to enjoy a good quality of life with a comparatively wealthy society and comparatively low income inequality. Despite this success, the Netherlands cannot afford to be complacent. Ensuring that the Netherlands continues to be a prosperous and inclusive society in the future will mean ensuring that the Netherlands has a highly skilled population that engages in continuous skills development in adulthood, and finds ways to put those skills to effective use in the economy and society.
Where have all the teaching supply staff gone? Check out our new Education white paper for industry insights and strategies for education recruiters.
Inbox me to find out how we can dramatically increase your stats today! linkedin.com/in/lee-knowles-musthire
Skills Outlook 2015: Youth, Skills and EmployabilityEduSkills OECD
(Andreas Schleicher, Director for the OECD Directorate for Education and Skills) Young people around the world are struggling to enter the labour market. In some OECD countries, one in four 16-29 year-olds is neither employed nor in education or training. The OECD Skills Outlook 2015 shows how improving the employability of youth requires a comprehensive approach. While education, social, and labour market policies have key roles to play, co-ordination between public policies and the private sector is also crucial. The publication, which builds on the results of the 2012 Survey of Adult Skills presented in the first edition of the Skills Outlook, also presents examples of successful policies in selected countries.
Presentation by Andreas Schleicher, OECD Director for Education and Skills during the OECD Global Parliamentary Network meeting on 2 October 2014.
International comparisons aren’t perfect, but they show what is possible in education and help countries see themselves in the mirror of the results and opportunities delivered by the world’s educational leaders. This raises the question of what we can learn from the world’s top performing school systems and if what works in one context could provide a model elsewhere. What we’ve learned from PISA is that the leaders in high performing systems have convinced their citizens to make choices that value education, their future, more than consumption today. But placing a high value on education is just part of the equation. Another part is the belief in the possibilities for all children to achieve. Interestingly, many of the world’s top performing school systems combine strong and equitable performance, where students from all social backgrounds do well; pay attention to how they select and train their staff, provide intelligent pathways for teachers to grow in their careers and support their teachers to make innovations in pedagogy; and tend to align policies and practices across all aspects of the system and implement them consistently.
Presentation by Stefano Scarpetta, OECD Director for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs during the meeting of the OECD Global Parliamentary Network on 2 October 2014.
The OECD supports the G20 employment track by reviewing labour market and social developments in G20 countries and highlighting the key policy challenges, as well as by identifying good practices in G20 countries and policy options for a more inclusive labour market tailored to the specific conditions of each country. The OECD has provided extensive support to the G20 Task Force on Employment, notably by contributing to the identification of concrete commitments in the context of the country employment plans, which will feed into the G20 national growth strategies. This includes recommendations on actions to promote a more gender-balanced economy, safer workplaces as well as on policies to tackle structural unemployment and under-employment in low productivity and low paid jobs.
Presentation by Luis Carlos Ugalde, General Director, Integralia Pública, A.C., during the meeting of the OECD Global Parliamentary Network in Mexico City (23-24 June 2014).
Presentation by Christian Kastrop, Director, Policy Studies Branch, OECD Economics Department during OECD Global Parliamentary Network meeting on 2 October 2014.
G-20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors agreed in February 2014 to develop policies able to "lift the G-20 collective GDP by more than 2% above the trajectory implied by current policies over the coming 5 years". To that end, G-20 countries have been developing comprehensive Growth Strategies, which will form the basis of a Brisbane Action Plan to be endorsed by Leaders in Brisbane in November. The OECD has contributed substantially to the definition of this target, identifying the areas where reforms would have the most positive impact on GDP. The OECD has also provided an assessment of the reform commitments in countries’ Growth Strategies in two rounds of review, helping to identify the scope for additional efforts to achieve the 2% objective.
The AIs Are Not Taking Our Jobs...They Are Changing ThemTim O'Reilly
My talk at the Web Summit in Dublin on November 6, 2014. Reflections on the notion that AI will take away jobs, and our need to recognize and redefine the human role in the applications we build. Covers many of the same ideas as my "Internet of Things and Humans" talk, but from a slightly different angle.
Lessons for the Industrial Internet (pdf with notes)Tim O'Reilly
This my talk from the General Electric Minds + Machines event on the #IndustrialInternet in San Francisco on November 30, 2012. I talk about the lessons from the Internet that can be applied to the Industrial Internet.
WTF - Why the Future Is Up to Us - pptx versionTim O'Reilly
This is the talk I gave January 12, 2017 at the G20/OECD Conference on the Digital Future in Berlin. I talk about fitness landscapes as applied to technology and business, the role of unchecked financialization in the state of our politics and economy, and why technology really wants to create jobs, not destroy them. (There is a separate PDF version, but some readers said the notes were too fuzzy to read.)
Recent labour market developments and reforms in OECD countriesRockwool Fonden
Director for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs in OECD Stefano Scarpettas presentation at the ROCKWOOL Foundation conference "Øget beskæftigelse kalder på reformer, der virker" in February 2018.
The presentation was recorded and is available on the Youtube channel of the ROCKWOOL Foundation.
This 2016 edition of the OECD Employment Outlook provides an in-depth review of recent labour market trends and short-term prospects in OECD countries.
Luxembourg is an advanced economy with the highest per capita income in the OECD, reflecting the dynamic services sector, notably in banking and other financial services.
Since 2000, the quality of life of Colombians has improved markedly. Macroeconomic and social policies have sustained strong GDP growth and reduced poverty.
Presentation by OECD Chief Economist, Laurence Boone, on Inclusive Growth at the farewell conference in honor of Governor Karnit Flug, The Van Leer Institute in Jerusalem, 4 November 2018
A presentation of the main findings and recommendations of the OECD Economic Survey of Spain 2014 launched 8 September 2014 in Madrid, Spain.
Structural reforms (labour market, banking, fiscal) have put the economy on the road to recovery.
Does Ending Endo Contribute to Inclusive Economic GrowthSonnie Santos
by Vicente Paqueo and Aniceto Orbeta Jr.
Fellows, PIDS and FEF
(a copy of this presentation was given to participants of the FEF Paderanga-Varela Memorial Lecture, to share, study and discuss with the objective of generating discussion about the effects of "ending endo" or temporary employment contract, and arrive at a win-win solution to the problem)
copyright belongs to the authors of the study
Market conditions are improving, but unemployment is still declining too slowly and unevenly across countries. It is projected to continue its slow decline, reaching 6.6% in the last quarter of 2016 while remaining above 20% in Greece and Spain. Weak real wage growth remains an issue of concern, particularly in the Euro area. Minimum wages can help underpin the income of low-paid workers, but must be closely coordinated with tax-benefit policies to be effective. Wage inequality has been rising in a large majority of OECD countries. To minimise the wage gap, investing in skills is crucial – particularly where skills are scarce relative to demand. In terms of job quality, emerging economies perform worse than OECD countries. Youth, low-skilled and informal workers typically hold the poorest quality jobs. To make labour markets more inclusive, activation policies have to be designed to improve the employability, expand the opportunities and maintain the motivation of jobseekers.
Jonathan Chaloff, OECD, presented “Managing labour migration for lower skilled jobs: Challenges, pitfalls and solutions” at an EMN Ireland/ESRI seminar on 26 February 2018.
Session by Andrew Wyckoff, Director, Science, Technology and Innovation, OECD
Digitalisation has been underway for 50 years but crossed a critical threshold in last few years when over 80% of citizens in OECD countries had broadband subscriptions with the majority accessing the Internet via a smartphone. This era of ubiquitous computing is transformational, and the widespread deployment of this infrastructure means that products, activities and interactions are increasingly "digital" and can be easily shared, stored or exchanged globally via the Internet. As a consequence, data flows have grown and are a new raw material for innovation in industry and society, unleashing new business models and modes of social interaction. This transformation is just beginning and is poised to grow significantly as networked sensors and things become common-place. These changes are disruptive and also at odds with public policies – many of which are legacies of a pre-digital, analogue era. Reducing this gap and equipping policy-makers with ways to proactively seize the potential benefits and address the challenges related to digitalisation is at the core of a new cross-sectoral, multi-year project within the OECD.
These technological trends are not limited to one policy area, but their effects are particularly evident in the labour market, where they are profoundly affecting the nature of work, the structure and nature of the work environment, and the very nature of being an employee. We can’t predict exactly what the world of work will look like in the future or the specific types of jobs that will exist. What is clear, however, is that most sectors are already being affected. The platform (e.g. ‘sharing’, ‘gig’) economy offers workers great opportunities, including the flexibility of freelancing and holding multiple jobs (or gigs) to top up their income. At the same time, these new forms of work are challenging traditional institutions based on a unique employer-employee relationship. For instance, as new ways of organising work shift risk towards individual workers, who are increasingly in charge of their own training and of securing old-age and health insurance, existing models of social protection will need to be overhauled. How policy-makers, companies, employees and educators will adapt to these changes will mark the difference between being successful and being left behind.
Session by Roel Nieuwenkamp, Chair, OECD Working Party on Responsible Business Conduct
This year marks the 40th anniversary of the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, the most comprehensive set of recommendations and leading global standard on Responsible Business Conduct (RBC). The Guidelines are unique in that they remain the only government-backed international instrument on RBC with a built-in grievance mechanism that enables stakeholders – trade unions, NGOs, local communities – to raise concerns to National Contact Points (NCPs) in cases where the Guidelines are not observed. NCPs are located in 34 OECD countries and 12 non-OECD countries, actively promoting the Guidelines, handling enquiries, and contributing to the resolution of issues arising from alleged non-observance.
As the role of business in society has evolved from the charitable and voluntary endeavours associated with corporate social responsibly to the more stringent expectations of RBC, MNEs are well-placed to take an active leadership role in addressing global social, environmental, developmental and human rights challenges. Since 2011, the Guidelines have included corporate supply chain responsibility and a number of countries have implemented legislation holding businesses accountable for carrying out the necessary due diligence to identify, prevent and mitigate real and potential adverse impacts related to their business operations or relationships, and for how they are addressed. In some countries, improving RBC standards of due diligence extends to human rights requirements, such as reporting sourcing from conflict areas and processes to manage the risks of human trafficking or forced labour.
Session by Mario Pezzini, Director of OECD Development Centre and Director a.i., OECD Development Co-operation Directorate.
The growth of global value chains (GVCs) has increased the interconnectedness of economies. We understand that emerging economies in Southeast Asia play a pivotal role in the global economy. This session will provide you with the latest OECD analysis on the regional economy and on the key challenges it faces in light of regional integration.
International trade, which used to be a leading driver of economic growth, is now lagging behind, as world trade growth slowed down to around 2% in 2015. Two decades prior to the 2008 crisis, world trade growth annually registered at 7%. Many factors are at play – both cyclical and structural – but their effects are posing risks to the emerging and developing economies in Asia, where trade growth is currently relatively robust. Regional free trade agreements, notably the Trans-Pacific Partnership and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, will also influence trade in Asia, and will certainly have implications for the global value chains of specific industries, including in those countries not belonging to the new regional agreements. Strengthening regional ties by 2025 is one of Asia’s most important agendas. This can be made more effective by building on important and positive achievements through ASEAN, ASEAN+3 and ASEAN+6 and making greater efforts to improve co-ordination between regional and sub-regional initiatives and national agendas, reduce disparities in the region, move towards a “Global ASEAN” and strengthen monitoring capacity. Additionally, addressing issues of green growth, renewable energy and private sector development will be particularly important to Asia’s success in regional integration.
Session by Rolf Alter, OECD Director for Public Governance and Territorial Development.
This session will cover the challenges critical risks pose for OECD as well as non-OECD countries, the implications of increasing economic losses from disasters and how these pose particular challenges for regional growth recovery. How well governments manage disasters is a key test for the trust of citizens in government. Drawing on successful country practices to manage risks and invest in a sustainable future, the session will explain the work of the OECD High Level Risk Forum to foster exchanges among countries with the aim to improve their resilience.
Session (Part 1) by Randall Jones, Head of Japan/Korea Desk, OECD Economics Department.
The growth of global value chains (GVCs) has increased the interconnectedness of economies. We understand that emerging economies in Southeast Asia play a pivotal role in the global economy. This session will provide you with the latest OECD analysis on the regional economy and on the key challenges it faces in light of regional integration.
International trade, which used to be a leading driver of economic growth, is now lagging behind, as world trade growth slowed down to around 2% in 2015. Two decades prior to the 2008 crisis, world trade growth annually registered at 7%. Many factors are at play – both cyclical and structural – but their effects are posing risks to the emerging and developing economies in Asia, where trade growth is currently relatively robust. Regional free trade agreements, notably the Trans-Pacific Partnership and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, will also influence trade in Asia, and will certainly have implications for the global value chains of specific industries, including in those countries not belonging to the new regional agreements. Strengthening regional ties by 2025 is one of Asia’s most important agendas. This can be made more effective by building on important and positive achievements through ASEAN, ASEAN+3 and ASEAN+6 and making greater efforts to improve co-ordination between regional and sub-regional initiatives and national agendas, reduce disparities in the region, move towards a “Global ASEAN” and strengthen monitoring capacity. Additionally, addressing issues of green growth, renewable energy and private sector development will be particularly important to Asia’s success in regional integration.
Session by Catherine Candea, OECD Deputy Director of Public Affairs and Communications; and Yumiko Murakami, Head of OECD Tokyo Centre.
Gender equality is not only about ensuring a fair society, it makes good economic sense. On average across the OECD, if female labour force participation rates converged to that of men by 2030, GDP would increase by 12%. G20 countries have committed to reduce gender gaps in labour force participation rates by 25% by 2025. Progress in female educational attainment and increases in women’s employment are absolutely crucial for economic growth and for reducing income inequality, even more so in the context of ageing populations. However, significant disparities remain: women are less likely than men to work and more likely to work part-time; they remain severely under-represented in the science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields of study and occupations; their representation in senior management positions is still far below par; and gender wage gaps persist, particularly at the top of the hierarchy. In many countries, tax and benefit systems still do not provides mothers and fathers with equal incentives to work, which can exacerbate existing gender inequalities. All these differences, accumulated throughout life, also lead to retirement income disparities.
Gender equality amongst policy makers has been recognised as important for achieving progress in gender equality and for improving the quality and responsiveness of public policy and services. But while the proportion of female leaders policy making is increasing, women still represent, on average, less than one-third of decision-making positions in all branches of power in OECD countries.
Session by Christian Kastrop, Director, Policy Studies Branch, OECD Economics Department
The OECD’s research on Finance and Inclusive Growth has shown that over the past fifty years, credit by banks and other intermediaries to households and businesses has grown three times as fast as economic activity. While greater levels of stock market financing can boost growth, at today’s level of financial development further expansion of bank credit to the private sector is shown to not only slow growth in most OECD countries but also contribute to inequality as better-off households tend to benefit more from financial leverage. Therefore, policy makers should i.a. implement measures to reduce explicit and implicit subsidies to too-big-to-fail financial institutions and reduce the tax bias against equity. To make the financial sector more inclusive and work for people, we must also ensure that companies invest in the real economy. Data analysis of 11 000 of the world’s largest companies has shown that there is a misallocation of capital that needs to be improved in order to foster productivity growth and long-term value creation that can allow for inclusive growth. Promoting competition can support such efforts and also limit unproductive concentration of profits and wealth. New analysis also shows a fragmentation of productivity that needs to be addressed, with a majority of companies sitting in a ‘trough’ of low productivity levels and moderate growth from which it is hard to exit. The current low-interest, low-growth environment makes it also more difficult for pension funds and life insurers to keep their financial promises of providing adequate retirements incomes. These institutional investors are thus driven to pursue higher-risk investment strategies that could ultimately undermine their solvency. This potentially jeopardises the secure retirement especially of the poorest of our citizens.
Session by Adrian Blundell-Wignall, Acting Director, Special Advisor to the Secretary-General for Financial Markets, OECD Directorate for Financial and Enterprise Affairs
The OECD’s research on Finance and Inclusive Growth has shown that over the past fifty years, credit by banks and other intermediaries to households and businesses has grown three times as fast as economic activity. While greater levels of stock market financing can boost growth, at today’s level of financial development further expansion of bank credit to the private sector is shown to not only slow growth in most OECD countries but also contribute to inequality as better-off households tend to benefit more from financial leverage. Therefore, policy makers should i.a. implement measures to reduce explicit and implicit subsidies to too-big-to-fail financial institutions and reduce the tax bias against equity. To make the financial sector more inclusive and work for people, we must also ensure that companies invest in the real economy. Data analysis of 11 000 of the world’s largest companies has shown that there is a misallocation of capital that needs to be improved in order to foster productivity growth and long-term value creation that can allow for inclusive growth. Promoting competition can support such efforts and also limit unproductive concentration of profits and wealth. New analysis also shows a fragmentation of productivity that needs to be addressed, with a majority of companies sitting in a ‘trough’ of low productivity levels and moderate growth from which it is hard to exit. The current low-interest, low-growth environment makes it also more difficult for pension funds and life insurers to keep their financial promises of providing adequate retirements incomes. These institutional investors are thus driven to pursue higher-risk investment strategies that could ultimately undermine their solvency. This potentially jeopardises the secure retirement especially of the poorest of our citizens.
Session by Rolf Alter, Director, OECD Public Governance and Territorial Development
Money plays a role both as a channel for citizens to support their candidates or political parties, and as a means for candidates and political parties to reach out to their constituencies. Access to resources for political parties and candidates also shapes political competition. Parliamentarians have an important stake in advancing the global debate on the role of money in politics. There are still many loopholes in political party funding regulations that are open to exploitation by powerful special interests. Loans, membership fees, and third party funding are all used to circumvent spending limits and other regulations. Many countries struggle to define and regulate third-party campaigning leaving them ill-equipped to prevent the channelling of election spending through supposedly independent committees and interest groups. Only a handful of countries have regulations in place for third-party campaigning and globalisation is complicating the regulation of private funding of political parties as foreign companies and wealthy individuals are often deeply integrated with domestic business interests. This OECD report finds that 29% of OECD countries have an independent electoral management body and there is no one-size-fits all model. But whatever the structure, the institutions responsible for enforcing political finance regulations should have a clear mandate, legal power and the capacity to deal with large volumes of work. While data clearly shows that sanctions are effective in improving compliance with the rules, many countries struggle to ensure sanctions that are both proportionate and dissuasive. One clear-cut lesson is that ensuring the effective implementation of political finance regulations still remains challenging in many countries. The Framework on Financing Democracy presented in this report shapes the global debate on risks and policy options, and provides tangible advice for the funding of political parties and electoral campaigns. The report also features detailed case studies of Canada, Chile, Estonia, France, Korea, Mexico, United Kingdom, Brazil and India.
Session by Simon Upton, Director, OECD Environment Directorate, 4 February 2016.
The session presented the outcomes of COP21, main challenges in implementing the Paris Agreement and implications for future policy priorities on climate. COP21 represents an important milestone in the international community’s fight against climate change, but the true measure of success will be in how countries implement the Paris Agreement to move to low-carbon growth. Meeting the ambition of the Paris Agreement will require effective policy alignment and cost-effective action to implement country emissions reduction commitments, and dynamism to ensure nationally determined contributions (NDCs) evolve to become more stringent over time. Governments will also need to undertake and strengthen adaptation measures to protect the most vulnerable, continue efforts to build greater transparency on progress towards NDCs and means of implementation, and scale-up climate finance resources, addressing residual methodological challenges on measuring, monitoring and tracking climate finance as they go.
Session by Paul Simons, Deputy Executive Director, International Energy Agency, 4 February 2016
Signs of change in global energy have multiplied in the 12 months. Oil prices fell sharply, with the prices of other fuels moving in tandem in many parts of the world. Amid turmoil in parts of the Middle East, a clear pathway opened up for the return of Iran, one of the world’s largest hydrocarbon resource-holders, to oil markets. China’s role in driving global trends continues to change as it enters a much less energy-intensive phase in its development. Renewables contributed almost half of the world’s new power generation while the coverage of mandatory energy efficiency regulation expanded to more than a quarter of global consumption. And the Paris Agreement reached at COP21 has provided a catalyst to accelerate investments in cleaner technologies and energy efficiency. The session addressed these and other developments, the associated risks and opportunities that might lie ahead – and what can be done to put the energy system on a more secure and sustainable footing.
Session by David Bradbury, Head, Tax Policy Statistics Division, OECD Centre for Tax Policy and Administration, Meeting of the OECD Parliamentary Group on Tax, 19 Oct 2015
Exchange on request, automatic exchange of financial account information and TRACE (Treaty Relief and Compliance Enhancement), spontaneous exchange of rulings, country-by-country reporting, voluntary disclosure programmes.
Session by Achim Pross, Head, International Co-operation and Tax Administration Division, OECD Centre for Tax Policy and Administration and Monica Bhatia, Head, Secretariat of the Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes, Meeting of the OECD Parliamentary Group on Tax, 19 Oct 2015
Session by Achim Pross, Head, International Co-operation and Tax Administration Division, OECD Centre for Tax Policy and Administration, Meeting of the OECD Parliamentary Group on Tax, 19 Oct 2015
Session by Raffaele Russo, Head, BEPS Project, OECD Centre for Tax Policy and Administration, Meeting of the OECD Parliamentary Group on Tax, 19 Oct 2015
Immigrants and their native-born children account for 1 in 5 of the population in OECD countries. The recent joint OECD-EU publication „Settling In“ provides the most comprehensive overview of their integration outcomes ever undertaken and covers all major domains (labour market, education, social inclusion). The presentation summarises the key findings and concludes with good practices and policy recommendations to better use the skills of immigrants and children, with a special focus on the integration of refugees.
Recent migration trends and the refugee crisis
Jean-Christophe Dumont, Head, International Migration Division, OECD Employment, Labour and Social Affairs Directorate
Immigration flows are on the rise in most OECD countries. Preliminary data for 2014 suggest that permanent migration flows increased sharply for the first time since 2007 and are almost back to their pre-crisis level. Intra-regional migration, notably within Europe, is increasing together with the international competition for talents. What are the key trends regarding labour migration policies in the OECD? In the meantime, Europe will record in 2015 an unprecedented number of asylum seekers and refugees with up to one million asylum applications; an estimated 350 000 to 450 000 people could be granted refugee or similar status, more than in any previous European refugee crisis since World War II. Can OECD countries cope with this crisis and what are the prospects for future developments?
The UN Framework Convention on Climate Change was agreed more than 20 years ago, but global CO2 emissions have continued to rise. Fossil fuels still dominate the global energy supply and we are on course for a 3-5⁰C increase in global surface temperatures by the end of the century. July 2015 was the warmest month ever recorded for the globe. The OECD has been working in co-operation with its partners to identify how countries need to resolve misalignments between climate goals and policies in other domains that risk undermining climate action and making the low-carbon transition more costly. With the carbon clock ticking, the Paris COP21 conference in December must give a clear and credible directional signal that governments can and will transition from the carbon-intensive present to a low carbon resilient future.
According to the OECD’s research on international bribery and corruption, most international bribes are paid by large companies, usually with the knowledge of senior management. Bribes are generally paid to win contracts from state-owned or controlled companies in advanced economies, rather than in the developing world, and most bribe payers and takers are from wealthy countries. Almost two-thirds of 400 cases analysed worldwide, occurred in just four sectors: extractive (19%); construction (15%); transportation and storage (15%); and information and communication (10%). Intermediaries, mostly agents or corporate vehicles, were involved in three out of four foreign bribery cases. This demonstrates the need for more effective due diligence and oversight of corporate compliance programmes. Governments should strengthen sanctions, make settlements public and reinforce protection of whistleblowers as part of greater efforts to tackle bribery and corruption.
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
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how to sell pi coins on Bitmart crypto exchangeDOT TECH
Yes. Pi network coins can be exchanged but not on bitmart exchange. Because pi network is still in the enclosed mainnet. The only way pioneers are able to trade pi coins is by reselling the pi coins to pi verified merchants.
A verified merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell it to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
Key Features of USDA Loans:
Zero Down Payment: USDA loans require no down payment, making homeownership more accessible.
Competitive Interest Rates: These loans often come with lower interest rates compared to conventional loans.
Flexible Credit Requirements: USDA loans have more lenient credit score requirements, helping those with less-than-perfect credit.
Guaranteed Loan Program: The USDA guarantees a portion of the loan, reducing risk for lenders and expanding borrowing options.
Eligibility Criteria:
Location: The property must be located in a USDA-designated rural or suburban area. Many areas in California qualify.
Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
Primary Residence: The home must be used as the borrower's primary residence.
Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
Pre-Qualification: Determine your eligibility and the amount you can borrow.
Property Search: Look for properties in eligible rural or suburban areas.
Loan Application: Submit your application, including financial and personal information.
Processing and Approval: The lender and USDA will review your application. If approved, you can proceed to closing.
USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
Now a merchant stands in between these exchanges and the miners. As a link to make transactions smooth. Because right now in the enclosed mainnet you can't sell pi coins your self. You need the help of a merchant,
i will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant below. 👇 I and my friends has traded more than 3000pi coins with him successfully.
@Pi_vendor_247
Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank Introduce New Co-Branded Credit Cardnickysharmasucks
The unveiling of the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card marks a notable milestone in the Indian financial landscape, showcasing a successful partnership between two leading institutions, Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank. This co-branded credit card not only offers users a plethora of benefits but also reflects a commitment to innovation and adaptation. With a focus on providing value-driven and customer-centric solutions, this launch represents more than just a new product—it signifies a step towards redefining the banking experience for millions. Promising convenience, rewards, and a touch of luxury in everyday financial transactions, this collaboration aims to cater to the evolving needs of customers and set new standards in the industry.
Introduction to Indian Financial System ()Avanish Goel
The financial system of a country is an important tool for economic development of the country, as it helps in creation of wealth by linking savings with investments.
It facilitates the flow of funds form the households (savers) to business firms (investors) to aid in wealth creation and development of both the parties
Latino Buying Power - May 2024 Presentation for Latino CaucusDanay Escanaverino
Unlock the potential of Latino Buying Power with this in-depth SlideShare presentation. Explore how the Latino consumer market is transforming the American economy, driven by their significant buying power, entrepreneurial contributions, and growing influence across various sectors.
**Key Sections Covered:**
1. **Economic Impact:** Understand the profound economic impact of Latino consumers on the U.S. economy. Discover how their increasing purchasing power is fueling growth in key industries and contributing to national economic prosperity.
2. **Buying Power:** Dive into detailed analyses of Latino buying power, including its growth trends, key drivers, and projections for the future. Learn how this influential group’s spending habits are shaping market dynamics and creating opportunities for businesses.
3. **Entrepreneurial Contributions:** Explore the entrepreneurial spirit within the Latino community. Examine how Latino-owned businesses are thriving and contributing to job creation, innovation, and economic diversification.
4. **Workforce Statistics:** Gain insights into the role of Latino workers in the American labor market. Review statistics on employment rates, occupational distribution, and the economic contributions of Latino professionals across various industries.
5. **Media Consumption:** Understand the media consumption habits of Latino audiences. Discover their preferences for digital platforms, television, radio, and social media. Learn how these consumption patterns are influencing advertising strategies and media content.
6. **Education:** Examine the educational achievements and challenges within the Latino community. Review statistics on enrollment, graduation rates, and fields of study. Understand the implications of education on economic mobility and workforce readiness.
7. **Home Ownership:** Explore trends in Latino home ownership. Understand the factors driving home buying decisions, the challenges faced by Latino homeowners, and the impact of home ownership on community stability and economic growth.
This SlideShare provides valuable insights for marketers, business owners, policymakers, and anyone interested in the economic influence of the Latino community. By understanding the various facets of Latino buying power, you can effectively engage with this dynamic and growing market segment.
Equip yourself with the knowledge to leverage Latino buying power, tap into their entrepreneurial spirit, and connect with their unique cultural and consumer preferences. Drive your business success by embracing the economic potential of Latino consumers.
**Keywords:** Latino buying power, economic impact, entrepreneurial contributions, workforce statistics, media consumption, education, home ownership, Latino market, Hispanic buying power, Latino purchasing power.
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
If you are looking for a pi coin investor. Then look no further because I have the right one he is a pi vendor (he buy and resell to whales in China). I met him on a crypto conference and ever since I and my friends have sold more than 10k pi coins to him And he bought all and still want more. I will drop his telegram handle below just send him a message.
@Pi_vendor_247
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
1. OECD Employment Outlook 2014
Stefano Scarpetta, Director for Employment, Labour
and Social Affairs, OECD
2. The recovery is gaining momentum but there is no time for complacency
•
Unemployment has started to decline, but further progress is required as the job recovery has not gone very far yet
•
People have borne considerable personal, economic and social costs that may prove to be long-lasting:
–
long-term unemployment remains persistently high
–
many workers have experienced falls in the real value of their earnings
•
Fixed term contracts are increasingly used for new hires, but they are not an automatic stepping-stone to permanent work
•
Not just more jobs but also better jobs are needed. The good news is that there is little sign of a trade-off between job quantity and job quality across countries
•
Skills are the key to better jobs, but this requires giving people the opportunity to acquire the right skills needed in the labour market. It is not just educational attainment that matters 2
3. Unemployment has started to decline, but further progress is required… 3
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Italy
Euro area
France
OECD
United Kingdom
United States
Canada
Germany
Japan
%
Unemployment rate
Percentage of the labour force
Current value (Q4 2013)
Start of the crisis (Q4 2007)
Country-specific peak
Projected value (Q4 2015)
4. 4
Youth unemployment has reached very high levels in some OECD countries
Youth unemployment rate (15-24) Percentage of the labour force
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Italy
Euro area
France
United
Kingdom
OECD
Canada
United States
Germany
Japan
%
Q2 2014
Q4 2007
Country-specific peak
5. … since the jobs recovery has not yet gone far enough 5
41
43
45
47
49
51
53
55
57
59
61
63
Canada
United
Kingdom
Japan
Germany
United States
OECD
Euro area
France
Italy
%
Employment-to-population ratio
Percentage of the working-age population (aged 15 or more)
Current value (Q4 2013)
Start of the crisis (Q4 2007)
Country-specific trough
Projected value (Q4 2015)
6. The personal, economic and social costs of the crisis have been considerable
•
Among those who are unemployed, an increasing number of persons are out of work for 12 months or more, facing a depreciation of their skills and a risk of labour market exclusion
•
Among those who have kept their jobs, many low- paid workers and their families have experienced economic hardship as a result of declines in the spending power of their earnings 6
7. The long-term unemployed face skill depreciation and labour market exclusion 7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Canada
United States
United
Kingdom
OECD
France
Japan
Germany
Euro area
Italy
%
Long-term unemployed (more than one year)
as a percentage of total unemployed
Q4 2013
Start of the crisis (Q4 2007)
8. 8
Real wage growth has come to a virtual standstill
-6-4-202468%Q4 2007-Q1 2009Q1 2009-Q4 2013
Real hourly wage, average annualised percentage growth rate
Source : OECD calculations based on quarterly national accounts.
9. 9
The growth in unit labour costs has slowed, particularly in a number euro zone economies
Base 100 = 2000
Source : OECD calculations based on quarterly national accounts.
8090100110120130140150160CanadaUnited KingdomJapanOECDUnited States8090100110120130140150160GermanySpainFranceGreeceItalyOECD
10. … but the flip side is that many workers saw the real value of their earnings fall 10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
FIN
NLD
DNK
SVN
AUS
LUX
ITA
POL
AUT
FRA
BEL
ALL
DEU
USA
CZE
GBR
ESP
GRC
PRT
EST
%
Incidence of real wage cut in 2010 Percentage of full-time job stayers (aged 15-64, staying at least one year with the same employer)
Nominal wage cut
Real wage cut
11. Fixed term contracts are increasingly used for new hires 11
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
%
Fixed-term contracts among new hires
Percentage of employees with no more than three months of tenure
2011-12
2006-07
12. Temporary jobs are not an automatic stepping-stone to permanent work 12
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
NLD
GRC
EST
FRA
ESP
IRL
ITA
AUT
BEL
POL
ALL
PRT
SWE
LUX
CZE
SVN
GBR
FIN
HUN
SVK
NOR
ISL
%
Three-year transition rates from temporary to permanent contracts Share of temporary employees in 2008 that were employed as full-time permanent employees in 2011
13. Gaps in employment protection between permanent and temporary workers should be reduced…
•
When these gaps are excessive, the job losses in a downturn are greater, especially for temporary workers. They also reinforce labour market segmentation and undermine employment prospects for temporary workers
•
Reducing these gaps could be done by:
─
Lowering the level of protection for permanent contracts (which could raise labour churning) or raising protection for temporary contracts (which would reduce labour adjustment)
─
Or by introducing a single or unified contract. But these options involves overcoming implementation difficulties, especially where employment protection of permanent contracts is very strict
•
Reducing labour market segmentation also requires complementary reforms to be effective 13
14. Both more jobs and better jobs are needed
Job quality embraces a range of aspects that matter for well-being:
•
Earnings quality: level and distribution of earnings
•
Labour market security: risk and consequence of job loss in terms of lost income
•
Quality of the working environment: extent to which workers have the resources they need to meet the demands of their jobs 14
15. There is little sign of a trade-off between job quantity and job quality across countries… 15
0.00.20.40.60.81.0 TURESPGRCSVKESTPOLHUNMEXSVNCZEPRTKORJPNISRITAFRAUSAAUTCANDEUGBRNZLLUXAUSBELIRLSWEFINNLDDNKCHENOR Indices from 0 (low quality) to 1 (high quality) Earnings qualityLabour market securityQuality working environmentHigh employment rate (in the top two deciles)Low employment rate (in the bottom two deciles)
16. … but there are considerable differences in job quality between socioeconomic groups within countries 16
Job quality outcomes by socio-demographic group (gender, age, education) Average over 23 European countries, 2010048121620Earnings qualityPPP-adjusted gross hourly earnings02468101214Labour market insecurityRisk of income loss due to unemployment risk, as a % of previuos earnings0510152025Quality of the woking environmentIncidence of job strain
17. Having the right skills to get a good job: what matters most?
The OECD’s international Survey of Adult Skills shows that:
•It is not just educational attainment but also the type of skills acquired and proficiency in these skills that affect the probability of finding a job
•Work experience and generic skills positively affect wages early on 17
18. Youth with high proficiency in literacy are much less likely to be out of work and out of school… 18
*** *** *** ** ** ** ** * -10-8-6-4-20246810Level 4 and 5Level 3Level 2Level 1ServicesHealth and welfareAgriculture and veterinaryEngineering, manufacturing and construcScience, mathematics and computingHumanities, languages and artsTeacher training and education scienceGeneral programmesTertiaryPost-secondary, non-tertiaryUpper secondaryPrecentage point diffrerence in the probability of being NEETThe determinants of the probability of being neither in employment nor in education or training (NEET), for young poeple aged 16-29Proficiency in literacy(as compared to below level 1) Field of study(as compared to Social Sciences) Educational attainment(as compared to lower secondary)
19. … and work experience as well generic skills are key determinants of the level of pay 19
03691215182124YouthPrime-age workersOlder workersThe determinants of the variation in hourly wagesPercentage of the explained variance (R-squared) in hourly wagesExperienceGeneric skillsField of studyEducationUse of information- processing skillsProficiency in literacy
20. Thank you
Read more about our work
Website: www.oecd.org/employment/outlook
Follow us on Twitter : @OECD_Social