This document discusses alternative fuels and energy security. It notes that global energy use is unsustainable and dependent on crude oil. It explores various alternative fuels like alcohols, LPG, hydrogen, CNG, LNG, and vegetable oils. It also examines fossil fuel reserves like oil, natural gas, and coal. It discusses issues with widespread use of coal and nuclear energy. The document emphasizes that ensuring stable, affordable, and environmentally friendly energy is vital for continued economic growth.

1. Alternative Fuels .
 Estimates of petroleum reserve
 Need for alternative fuel
 Alcohols
 LPG
 Hydrogen
 CNG
 LNG
 Vegetable oils
 Biogas

2. Alternative Fuels
.
 The global energy are
unsustainable.
 The situation is the worst in the
transport sector.
 Which is almost totally
dependent on crude oil.
 The demand for energy in
transportation is growing.
 For sure, in a medium- and long-
term perspective our world of
transportation will be going to
major changes concerning energy
sources.

3. Alternative Fuels
 Neither IEA nor EIA predicts a
direct shortage of energy by 2030.
(International energy agency and
environmental impact assessment)
 Both organizations predict that
the price of energy will go up.
 The IEA & WEO 2006 states:
(international energy agency & world
economic outlook
 The world is facing twin energy-
that of environmental harm
caused by consuming too much of
it.

4. Alternative Fuels
.
Oil
 Sufficiency of oil reserves is called peak
of oil.
 Which refers to the year of maximum
production for conventional oil, after
production decreases .
 Robert L . Hirsch (2006 ) points out that
when oil production is peaking and no
new technology is available, this results
 Rise in prices
 Development of shortages
 Maybe long -lasting .
 Unemployment,
 Recession of economy and
 High interest rates .

5. Alternative Fuels
World natural gas reserves
Located mainly in
 Russia
 Iran
 Qatar
 World natural gas reserves
2007:
 181,532 billion cubic meters

6. Alternative Fuels
Coal and nuclear energy
 For economic and energy supply
safety reasons:
 Use of coal and nuclear with
large-scale electricity and CHP
production.
 Despite problems associated
with both these energy sources.

7. Alternative Fuels
Nuclear problem
 Produces radioactive waste
 Impact on the environment
Coal problem
 Air pollution
 Greenhouse gas emissions

8. Alternative Fuels
Coal
 Most abundant fossil in world
reserves around (1 trillion tons)
 The largest found in the U.S,
Russia, china, India and
Australia (EIA IEO 2007).
 Coal resources are estimated to
last over 100 years at current
demand.
 But, if utilization strongly the
reserve life of coal begins to
drop dramatically.

9. Alternative Fuels
Energy
 Prime mover for economic growth
of any country.
 Vital to the sustenance of modern
economy.
Future economic growth depends on
 Availability of energy affordability
 Accessibility
 Environmentally friendly

10. Alternative Fuels
.
Energy
 Major sources of energy in the world
Fossil fuels
 Petroleum oil
 Coal
 Natural gas
Renewable energy
 Hydro
 Wind
 Solar
 Geothermal
 Marine energy
 Combustible wastes
 Nuclear energy

11. Alternative Fuels
Energy
 The primary energy converted
into secondary energy.
 Coal and crude oil are converted
into electricity and steam.
 Combustible wastes like animal
products, biomass, and
industrial wastes.

12. Energy
.
Petroleum
 Most important and abundantly available
energy source,
 Largely consumed in the world.
 The price of crude oil is very volatile and
supply is driven by market price.
 While developed industrialized countries
consume around 43 million barrels daily on an
average,
 Developing countries consume only 22 million
barrels per day (mbd).
Coal
 Second most abundant source of energy in the
world mainly used in power generation.
Natural gas
 Highest rates of growth in recent years. The
end-user made it a popular choice for power
generation projects

13. Energy
.
Hydro electricity
 Major use of sources of energy around the
globe.
 Renewable sources of energy are gaining
popularity.
 Renewables 6% of energy in us in 2005
o Half was biomass
o Wood
o Wood waste
o Black liquor from pulp mills were the largest
biomass sources.
o Waste (municipal solid waste, landfill gas,
sludge waste, tires, agricultural byproducts)
 (EERE 2006)

14. Energy
ExxonMobil shows
 Annual growth in primary energy from 2005
to 2030 will be 1.3%,
 Nuclear energy, natural gas and renewable
energy growing more than average.
 Biomass for stationary applications
 Biofuels for transport
The strongest growth expected from
o Wind energy
o Solar energy
o Biofuels

15. Energy Security
.
 80% of the world’s population is in the
developing countries
 their energy consumption is 40% of the
total energy consumption.
 high living standards in the developed
countries are high-energy consumption
levels.
 petroleum resources are available only
in Middle East countries (about 63%)
 Countries having insufficient oil
resources and depending upon the
import may seriously affect its
economic development and
sovereignty in international political
relations.

16. We’ll meet with part 2
.
.