Cohesion - An introduction
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Cohesion refers to linking words, sentences, and ideas together in a text. There are three main ways cohesion is created: 1) Connectors are joining words like "although" and "in spite of" that link ideas and indicate functions like contrasting. 2) Reference words like "who", "which", and "this" refer back to people, things, and ideas already mentioned to avoid repetition. 3) Referring to other parts of a text, using expressions like "as follows" and "see above", makes lengthy texts more comprehensible by connecting different sections.
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Your name and title (your initials for verification)
DATE:
(also serves as a chronological record for future reference)
SUBJECT:
Using about five to six words, state the memo's purpose precisely.
This is the most crucial part of the memo. It will determine whether the reader will continue reading. Also, it must accurately represent of the memo's content. A clear subject line helps the reader gauge the memo's importance and helps to make filing by subject easier.
A memo usually begins with a statement of the main idea. Long memos should include appropriate introductions and conclusions. The first line of the introductory paragraph should relate to the subject line. If a reader is not familiar with the subject or with the background of a problem, provide an introductory background paragraph. Doing so is especially important in memos that serve as records for future reference. Additionally, the introductory paragraph should set up the memo's main points as well as state how the memo is organized.
Do not indent the first line of paragraphs. In typical memos (like this one), writers should single space within, and double space between paragraphs. However, for assignments in this class, space and a half is appropriate. That will leave me space to write comments.
Subject headings divide material into manageable segments, call attention to main topics, and signal a shift in topic. Additionally, subject headings provide several entry points into a memo, allowing the reader to skip sections and begin reading sections other than the introduction. In short, their purpose is to help readers locate information quickly.
The body of the memo should follow the method of organization stated in the introductory paragraph. The main points in the body should flow logically and have appropriate transitions and topic sentences.
When the memo exceeds one page, begin all subsequent pages with th ...
Artful Critique Spring Workshop by Chip Crane May 12, 2015
The document provides tips for giving constructive feedback to writers in a helpful way. It recommends thinking like a coach by focusing on long-term improvement. Feedback should acknowledge what the writer is trying to do, use a friendly tone, and convince the writer the reviewer is on their side. Editing should be limited to one or two paragraphs and explain any style or grammar changes to empower the writer for continued growth.
Effective Report Writing
The document discusses the importance of effective communication skills, particularly written communication. It states that communication skills are key to success in both personal and professional life. It emphasizes that the ability to write effective reports is an essential skill for career success.
They Say, I Say: Chapter 8
Bill struggled to connect his ideas from one sentence to the next, making his writing difficult to follow. Chapter 8 explains that writers must connect not only their ideas to other sources, but also connect their own ideas together within their writing. The chapter provides four strategies for helping writers make these connections: using transition terms, adding pointing words, developing key terms and phrases, and repeating ideas with variation. Any of these strategies require carefully assessing how each new sentence relates to the ones before and after it.
15. Report Design
This document provides guidelines for designing technical reports, including standard components such as a transmittal letter, cover page, abstract, executive summary, table of contents, and table of figures. It discusses the purpose and contents of each component, with examples. Key guidelines include using a spiral or comb binding for the cover, including the report title, recipient, author, and date on the label, writing the abstract as a single paragraph and the executive summary at 1/2 to 2 pages. The document stresses that components like the table of contents and headings should match the text. Overall, the document offers recommendations for laying out and organizing a technical report in a clear, standard format.
Lecture 5 - Writing a project report
The document provides guidance on writing an effective project report. It should include an introduction, project plan, design process, recommendations, and conclusion. Key sections are the problem statement, objectives, methods, results, and lessons learned. Visuals like diagrams and screenshots can support the written content. Precision, clear structure, and referencing sources properly are important for professionalism and credibility.
Technical writing lecture
Technical writing is different from academic writing in its purpose, format, and style. Technical writing is used in the workplace to communicate about technical topics to professionals in a clear, concise, and simple manner using defined structures and formats. It focuses on being easily understood by a variety of readers who are looking for specific information relevant to their roles. Technical writing emphasizes clarity, conciseness, and coherency over depth, logic, and grammar through the use of short sentences, active voice, and visual elements like graphics and tables.
English M3 Formal Writing business letters
This document provides an overview of business letters, including their objectives, definition, formats, elements and assignments. It defines a business letter as a formal letter written to a business or that follows specific formats and content guidelines. The document outlines common formats like block, modified block and semi-block and discusses key elements like tone, language, stating the purpose clearly and including only relevant information. It includes examples and activities for learners to practice identifying these components in sample business letters. The final part provides assignments for learners to create a grading checklist and write a business letter of application.
5Title of the Paper in Full Goes HereStudent Name Here.docx
5
Title of the Paper in Full Goes Here
Student Name Here
Walden University
Course Number, Section, and Title
(Example: NURS 0000 Section 01, Title of Course)
Month, Day, Year
(enter the date submitted to instructor)
Title of the Paper
This is your introductory paragraph designed to inform the reader of what you will cover in the paper. (BSN Students - Carefully follow your course-specific Grading Rubric concerning the content that is required for your assignment and the Academic Writing Expectations [AWE] level of your course.) This template’s formatting—Times New Roman 12-point font, double spacing, 1” margins, 1/2” indentations beginning of each paragraph, page numbers, and page breaks—is set for you, and you do not need to change it. Do not add any extra spaces between the heading and the text (you may want to check Spacing under Paragraph, and make sure settings are all set to “0”). The ideas in this paper should be in your own words and supported by credible outside evidence. Cite the author, year of publication, and page number, if necessary, per APA. The introductory paragraph should receive no specific heading because the first section functions as your paper’s introduction. Build this paragraph with the following elements:
1.
Briefly detail what has been said or done regarding the topic.
2.
Explain the problem with what has been said or done.
3.
Create a purpose statement (also commonly referred to as a thesis statement) as the last sentence of this paragraph: “The purpose of this paper is to describe…”.
Level 1 Heading (Name According to the Grading Rubric Required Content)
This text will be the beginning of the body of the paper. Even though this section has a new heading, make sure to connect this section to the previous one so readers can follow along with the ideas and research presented. The first sentence, or topic sentence, in each paragraph should transition from the previous paragraph and summarize the main point in the paragraph. Make sure each paragraph addresses only one topic. When you see yourself drifting to another idea, make sure you break into a new paragraph. Avoid long paragraphs that are more than three-fourths of a page. Per our program recommendations, each paragraph should be at least 3-4 sentences in length and contain a topic sentence, evidence, analysis, and a conclusion or lead out sentence. In your paragraphs, synthesize your resources/readings into your own words and avoid using direct quotations. In the rare instances you do use a direct quotation of a historical nature from a source, the page or paragraph numbers are also included in the citation. For example, Leplante and Nolin (2014) described burnout as "a negative affective response occurring as result of chronic work stress" (p. 2). When you transition to a new idea, you should begin a new paragraph.
Another Level 1 Heading (Name According to the Grading Rubric Required Content)
Here is another Level 1 heading. Again, the to.
Compare and Contrast Essay AssignmentLength At least three fu.docx
This document provides instructions for a compare and contrast essay assignment. Students must pick two essays from a list and analyze three elements of the rhetorical situation for each essay. They must write an introduction, six body paragraphs comparing and contrasting the elements, and a conclusion. The assignment requires at least three pages and MLA formatting. It will be graded based on following directions, analyzing the essays, identifying rhetorical elements, effective comparison and contrast, organization, tone, coherence, proofreading, and general requirements.
LIB100Semester ProjectIn-Text Citations Practice SheetIn t.docx
LIB100
Semester Project
In-Text Citations Practice Sheet
In the space below, practice using at least three direct quotations from your six sources. Follow these direct quotations with an in-text citation in the APA format.
CHAPTER 9:
Organizing the Information You Evaluated, Part II
LIB100 Professor Lisa Anderson with Merve Uludogan, Business Administration
164
Here’s What We Know from Chapter 8
How to finalize your Semester Project thesis statement, research
questions and keywords
How to organize your Semester Project presentation mode
How to utilize time management skills to effectively organize your
Semester Project
How to create an effective outline based on your selected mode of
presentation
By the End of This Chapter Here’s What You Will Know
How to determine when, where and how you need to cite a source
How to create an APA-style in-text citation
How to create an APA-style full citation
How to cite print books
How to cite print periodicals
How to use database citation tools
How to use open-web citation tools
How to cite websites
How to cite social media sites
165
The Cold, Unforgiving World of Citations
In Chapter 8, you determined who your audience is for your Semester Project and
locked down your presentation format. You also finalized your thesis statement, research
questions and primary keywords for database searching.
As Travis Bickle would say, you are getting your Semester Project “organizized.”
In this chapter, we will continue our organization process by applying the formal
rigor of APA-style citations. Citations are both unforgivingly precise and very important.
Learning when and how to correctly cite research papers and projects is an essential skill
that will reach well beyond this course. You will need this skill not only for the remainder
of your academic career, but throughout your professional career as well.
COME BACK AND READ THIS WHEN YOU THINK ABOUT
WINGING IT: Citation style and formatting is a very precise and specific process. The
final grading of your Semester Project submission is
rubric-based, and a significant part of that rubric evaluates
the levels of success in your citation proficiency.
Your LIB100 professor will review your citations for
precision and accuracy and score accordingly. In short,
166
there is no faking the correct formatting and placement of citations!
Too often, students undervalue the importance of correct citations and formatting
style, waiting until the very last moment to slap something together and hope no one
notices. It never works; they do.
In short, when it comes to citations, you can’t just fake it.
Don’t fall into this trap! As you will soon see, there are many tools, templates and
even entire websites that will help you correctly format citations. It is very important to the
overall success of your S ...
ENG 1030, WSU Spring 2014Summary Reaction #2ATTACH TH.docx
ENG 1030, WSU Spring 2014
Summary / Reaction #2
***ATTACH THIS PAGE TO YOUR SUMMARY/ REACTION PAPER***
Summarizing is a very important academic skill. It will help you become a more effective reader as it helps you remember what you have read. In addition, summaries and reactions play an important role in college writing. In essay examinations and papers, you demonstrate your understanding of material you have read by briefly summarizing its main ideas and explaining them in a condensed form. However, you often go beyond merely summarizing the material; you also respond to it. You analyze it, compare or contrast it with other material you’ve studied, agree or disagree with its ideas, or expand on them further.
Summary/Reaction Assignment #2:
Read “Globalization and Local Culture”, pp. 179-180 in Sourcework.
Write a one-paragraph summary of the article, followed by a two-page response, for a total of 2-3 pages, double-spaced, using MLA format.
Grading Criteria:
The Summary…
includes an introductory sentence with the title of the article, and/or source; the author (if available); the thesis, or main idea.
/2
includes an additional reference to the source with an appropriate reporting verb
/1
the summary contains only the most important information (topic; main point/thesis; supporting points that explain the thesis).
/3
paraphrases and quotes the author’s words properly and accurately (and does not copy the original writing)
/3
The Reaction…
is subjective; you explain your opinion, perception, or insight about an idea or ideas in the article.
/2
includes supporting information for your reaction: details, examples, etc.
/2
varies in content: personal experience/ application/ agree-disagree/ opinion
/2
The Writing…
is clear and comprehensible (easy to follow)
/2
includes minimal grammatical mistakes
/2
MLA format is used correctly and the S/R is 2-3 pages long
/1
Total:
/ 20
Comments:
How to write a summary:
1. Review “Summarizing” and “Paraphrasing” in Chapter 1 of Sourcework. Read the text of the article several times to make sure you understand it clearly.
2. Find the key words and main ideas in the text. Underline or highlight these sentences.
3. Write your own sentences that paraphrase the main points of the text. When you paraphrase, you use your own words and vary the grammatical structure of the author’s sentences.
4. Begin your summary with a reference to the author and the title of the article. For example,
In “Wipeout: The Dangers of Workplace Websurfing”, Pachikara reports that many companies have set policies to monitor and control personal Internet use by employees.
5. Include one or more additional reporting verbs in your summary that refer back to the source.
Example:
Pachikara observes that …
Tunceren and Benson note that. . .
Remember, in a summary:
· include only the main points, not the details
· do not change the author’s ideas
· do not include your own opinions
· a summary is much shorter th ...
Writing for the Web
The document provides tips for effective online writing including keeping content concise yet engaging, using an active voice and conversational tone, incorporating lists and keywords, and focusing on the needs of the target audience. Proper formatting, spelling and avoiding jargon are also emphasized. The overall goal is to communicate clearly and reinforce the company brand in a way that captures readers and keeps them engaged with the content.
101921, 155 PM Week 7 Paper - FINC600 D001 Summer 2021 - AP
10/19/21, 1:55 PM Week 7 Paper - FINC600 D001 Summer 2021 - APEI
https://myclassroom.apus.edu/d2l/lms/dropbox/user/folder_submit_files.d2l?db=130709&grpid=0&isprv=0&bp=0&ou=41003 1/13
FINC Graduate Grading Paper Rubric
Course: FINC600 D001 Summer 2021
Criteria Exemplary Accomplished Developing Beginning
Did not
attempt
Criterion
Score
Thesis and
Support
/ 20
Organizatio
n
/ 20
20 points
The writing
has a clearly
articulated
original thesis
and
subordinate
ideas
supported by
reliable and
relevant
evidence
based on
original
research.
16 points
The writing
has a clearly
articulated
thesis
supported by
appropriate
evidence and
sound logic.
Minor gaps in
logic and
argument may
appear.
14 points
The writing
has a clear
thesis and
related
subordinate
ideas
supported by
clear thinking
and
appropriate
evidence.
Logical
arguments
may be one-
sided or
incomplete.
12 points
The writing
may need a
more clearly
articulated
thesis and/or
appropriate
related
subordinate
ideas. Fuzzy
logic may be
evident and
adequate
supporting
evidence is
lacking.
0 points
Did not
attempt this
portion of the
assignment.
20 points
The writing
flows
smoothly and
logically from
a well-defined
thesis. It
contains an
appropriate
introduction,
conclusion,
and smooth
transitions.
16 points
The writing is
organized
logically and
flows well. An
introduction
and conclusion
are evident,
but transitions
may be
smoother.
14 points
The writing
demonstrates
rudimentary
organization
and logical
structure, but
ideas may be
more fully
developed and
supported by
more
appropriate
evidence.
12 points
The writing is
noticeably
lacking in
organization.
There is no
clear
introduction
nor conclusion
and ideas are
neither
carefully nor
fully
developed.
Supporting
evidence is
lacking.
0 points
Did not
attempt this
portion of the
assignment.
Paragraph
Lato (Recom…
19px …
10/19/21, 1:55 PM Week 7 Paper - FINC600 D001 Summer 2021 - APEI
https://myclassroom.apus.edu/d2l/lms/dropbox/user/folder_submit_files.d2l?db=130709&grpid=0&isprv=0&bp=0&ou=41003 2/13
Criteria Exemplary Accomplished Developing Beginning
Did not
attempt
Criterion
Score
Style / 20
Mechanics/
Syntax/Gra
mmar
/ 20
20 points
The writing
engages the
reader through
an original
prose style
appropriate to
the subject.
Language is
precise.
Sentences are
varied but not
noticeably so.
Active voice is
apparent.
16 points
The writing
keeps the
reader’s
attention
through a
carefully
crafted prose
style Language
chosen is
appropriate to
the subject,
but may call
attention to
itself in minor
ways.
14 points
The writing is
clear but could
be expressed
in a style more
appropriate to
the subject. It
is jargon-free
but may
require a more
complete
explanation of
some terms
used.
12 points
The writing
lacks clarity
and is
sometimes
confusing. The
language
cho ...
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101921, 155 PM Week 7 Paper - FINC600 D001 Summer 2021 - AP
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Cohesion - An introduction
- 2. What is Cohesion? Cohesion means ‘holding together’, or ‘linking’. Words, sentences, paragraphs and ideas in emails, reports and memos are linked together by: – connectors – reference words – referring to other parts of a text
- 3. Connectors Connectors are joining words and phrases, for example, ‘although’ and ‘in spite of’. They are used to link two ideas. They can also be used to give a signal to the reader of a function like ‘contrasting’, for example.
- 4. Connectors Although the company was established just two years ago, it is already renowned for the quality of its products.
- 5. Reference Words Reference words, e.g. ‘who’, ‘which’, ‘this’ are used to refer to people, things, and ideas that already have been mentioned in the email or report. The writer wished to mention these topics again and by using referencing words, he or she avoids repeating other words.
- 6. Reference Words The company relocated to the north of Japan last year. This resulted in considerable financial savings.
- 7. Referring to Other Parts of a Text To make a complex or lengthy text more comprehensible to the reader, it is also important for the writer to refer to other parts of the text, for example, an earlier or later part, or to refer to a visual. Reference to other parts of the text can be made by using expressions such as ‘as follows’, ‘see above’, ‘the graph below’, etc.
- 8. Cohesion in Emails and Reports Although connector new meals have been introduced to the menus of restaurants, only a few of these reference word (new meals) have been popular with customers. The rest have only been sold in only small quantities, and restaurant managers would like to drop unsuccessful items from their menus. They reference word (restaurant managers)claim that large quantities of unused food are thrown away each week.
- 9. Questions? For more slide presentations visit:
- 10. Questions? For more slide presentations visit: