The document discusses the cognitive theory view of learners as active processors of information, in contrast to the behaviorist view of learners as passive receivers. According to the cognitive theory, learners are active thinkers who analyze situations, impose meaning on data, and learn through problem-solving. This view emphasizes meaningful practice and inductive presentation of structures, and has influenced English for Specific Purposes education through the development of reading strategy courses.

1. Cognitive Code: learners
as thinking beings
Prepared by: Erika Panganiban

2. The Learner
Passive receiver of
information
(Behaviorist)
Active processor of
information
(Cognitive Code)

3.  Answer for many of the theoretical and
practical problems raised by behaviorism
 emphasized the importance of meaningful
practice, and the structures presented
inductively
 Learners are active processor of
information (Ausubel, 1978)
 Learners apply their mental powers in
order to distil a workable generative rule
from the mass of data presented

4.  Learners analyze the situations where
the application of the rule would be
useful or appropriate
 Learners try to make sense of data
 Learning have taken place when learner
has managed to impose some sort of
meaningful interpretation or pattern on
the data

5.  Learners learn by thinking and trying
to make sense of what we see, feel
and hear.
 The basic teaching technique associated
with this theory is the problem-solving
task.
 This theory has had a significant impact on
ESP through the development of courses to
teach teaching reading strategies