I made this slideshow to help study the 8 factors Brown lists in "Teaching by Principles" that make listening difficult. They are found on pages 304-307.
Communicative Language Teaching is the cornerstone for approaches that have shifted from a grammar-based language view to a functional view of language where communication is the main objective. Such approaches are CBI (Content-based instruction) and TBI (Task-based instruction). Today, both CBI and TBI are the leading approaches most teachers are currently using to teach a second/foreign language around the world. Both approaches have been proven to be effective, and the most important thing is that students are truly learning to use language to communicate their ideas to different audiences.
Communicative Language Teaching is the cornerstone for approaches that have shifted from a grammar-based language view to a functional view of language where communication is the main objective. Such approaches are CBI (Content-based instruction) and TBI (Task-based instruction). Today, both CBI and TBI are the leading approaches most teachers are currently using to teach a second/foreign language around the world. Both approaches have been proven to be effective, and the most important thing is that students are truly learning to use language to communicate their ideas to different audiences.
Anyone wanting to enhance their speaking skills, this slide presentation is meant for you.
In this presentation meaning of speaking has also been given as well as the strategies on how it could be developed.
Anyone wanting to enhance their speaking skills, this slide presentation is meant for you.
In this presentation meaning of speaking has also been given as well as the strategies on how it could be developed.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
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Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
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It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using âinvisibleâ attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
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Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
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An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
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In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as âdistorted thinkingâ.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
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This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasnât one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
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In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdf
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Brown - 8 Factors in Listening Comprehension
1. 8 FACTORS IN
LISTENING
COMPREHENSION
- From H. D. Brownâs Teaching by Principles
Slides by Daniel Beck
(aka SamuraiTheologian)
samuraitheologian@gmail.com
2. INTRODUCTION
There are a number of special
characteristics of spoken language that
need to be taken into consideration.
Brown cites 8 factors that can make the
listening process difďŹcult. They are
adapted from several sources (Dunkel,
1991; Flowerdew & Miller, 2005; Richards,
1983; Ur, 1984).
4. 1. CLUSTERING
In spoken language, due to memory
limitations and our predisposition for
âchunking,â or clustering, we break down
speech into smaller groups of words. In
teaching listening comprehension,
therefore, you need to help students to
pick out manageable clusters of words âŚ
6. 2. REDUNDANCY
Spoken language has a good deal of
redundancy (rephrasing, repetition,
elaboration, and insertions of âI meanâ
and âyou know.â). Learners can train
themselves to proďŹt from it by ďŹrst
becoming aware of it and by looking for
the its signals.
8. 3. REDUCED FORMS
Spoken language has many reduced forms
and sentence fragments. Reduction can
be phonological (didju?), morphological
(Iâll), syntactic, or pragmatic (Mom!
Phone!).
10. 4. PERFORMANCE
VARIABLES
In spoken language, hesitations, false
starts, pauses, and corrections are
common. There are also many
ungrammatical forms and dialect
differences.
12. 5. COLLOQUIAL
LANGUAGE
Idioms, slang, reduced forms, and shared
cultural knowledge are all part of spoken
language. Learners are usually exposed to
âtextbook Englishâ and need help.
14. 6. RATE OF DELIVERY
The number and length of pauses are
more crucial to comprehension than
sheer speed (Richards 1983). Still,
learners need to be able to comprehend
language delivered at varying rates of
speed and, at times, delivered with few
pauses.
16. 7. STRESS, RHYTHM,
AND INTONATION
English is a stress-timed language. Also,
intonation patterns are signiďŹcant for
interpreting questions, statements,
emphasis, sarcasm, endearment, insult,
solicitation, praise, etc.
18. 8. INTERACTION
The spoken word is subject to rules of
interaction: negotiation, clariďŹcation,
attending signals, turn-taking, and topic
nomination, maintenance, and
termination. To learn to listen is also to
learn to respond and to continue a chain
of listening and responding.
19. 8 FACTORS IN LISTENING
COMPREHENSION
1. Clustering 5. Colloquial
Language
2. Redundancy
6. Rate of delivery
3. Reduced Forms
7. Stress, Rhythm,
4. Performance and Intonation
Variables
8. Interaction
20. 8 FACTORS IN
LISTENING
COMPREHENSION
- From H. D. Brownâs Teaching by Principles
Slides by Daniel Beck
(aka SamuraiTheologian)
samuraitheologian@gmail.com