Clinical microbiology : Chlamydia trachomatis an overview of STD's
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This is a brief presentation of clinical aspects in microbiology concerning of Chlamydia Trachomatis infection.In this presentation also covers the life cycle,clinical manifestations and laboratory investigations of chlamydia trachomatis .Hopefully this will give an information on one of the common organism causing STD's.
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This presentation was derived from Microbiology 4 books.
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1) Donovanosis is a sexually transmitted bacterial infection caused by Klebsiella granulomatis that affects the genital and anal skin and mucous membranes.
2) It is diagnosed by identifying intracellular Donovan bodies in phagocytes from lesions stained with Wright's or Giemsa stain.
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HCM 124 lecture 6.pptx
nd invade the genital ridges in the sixth week of
development. here they form primitive sex cords. in
the absence of tdf, medullary cords disappear and
get replaced by a vascular stroma (ovarian medulla).
cortical cords develop and surround one or more
primitive germ cells. the germ cells subsequently
develop into oogonia, while the surrounding epithelial
cells form the follicular cells. this differentiates
undifferentiated gonads into ovaries. stroma of ovary
develops from basal mesenchyme. granulosa and theca
cells develop from celomic epithelium.
development of genital ducts
development of genital duct system and the external
genitalia occurs under the influence of hormones
circulating in the fetus. sertoli cells in the fetal testes
produce a nonsteroidal substance known as müllerian
inhibiting substance (mis) that causes regression of
müllerian ducts. androgen from the fetal testes causes
masculinization of external genitalia. in the absence of
mis, müllerian ducts develop and mesonephric duct
system regresses. in the absence of androgen, external
genitalia differentiate into female phenotype. the
müllerian duct develops between the fifth and sixth
weeks lateral to intermediate cell mass and wolffian
duct. the müllerian duct has the following three parts:
•cranial vertical portion that opens into celomic
cavity. later it differentiates into fallopian tubes.
•horizontal part crosses the mesonephric duct.
•caudal vertical part that fuses with its partner
from opposite side. this fused part later differ
entiates into uterus, cervix, and upper one-third
of the vagina.
the dorsal celomic epithelium (which forms
müllerian duct) remains open at its site of origin and
ultimately forms the fimbriated ends of the fallopian
tubes. at their point of origin, each of the müllerian
ducts forms a solid bud. each bud penetrates the
mesenchyme lateral and parallel to the wolffian duct.
as the solid buds elongate, a lumen appears in the
cranial part, beginning at each celomic opening. the
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Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted bacterial infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. It often has no symptoms but can cause reproductive health complications if left untreated. Chlamydia has a unique life cycle where it lives intracellularly and switches between two forms, spreading from infected cells to uninfected cells. Diagnosis involves nucleic acid amplification tests of genital specimens or urine samples, while treatment is typically a single dose of antibiotics. Untreated chlamydia can lead to serious complications in both men and women such as pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility.
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This document discusses atypical mycobacteria (NTM). It describes the Runyon classification system for NTM based on pigment production and growth rate. The most common NTM species are Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and Mycobacterium kansasii. MAC is ubiquitous in the environment and a major cause of pulmonary NTM disease. M. kansasii is associated with tap water and causes lung disease resembling tuberculosis, often in older male smokers with COPD. Host immune deficiencies increase risk of NTM infections.
Mycoplasma
Mycoplasma are the smallest free-living organisms that lack a cell wall. They can cause respiratory infections like pneumonia (accounting for 10-20% of all pneumonias) as well as urogenital infections. Important species that infect humans include M. pneumoniae, Ureaplasma urealyticum, M. hominis, and M. genitalium. While some Mycoplasma species can be part of the normal flora, they can also cause diseases like atypical pneumonia and pelvic inflammatory disease. They are treated with antibiotics like tetracyclines but show resistance to beta-lactams due to their lack of a cell wall.
Chlamydiae.pptx
- Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacteria that cause diseases in humans infecting the eye, genital organs, and lungs. The three main pathogenic species that infect humans are Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydophila psittaci, and Chlamydophila pneumoniae.
- C. trachomatis causes trachoma (the leading cause of preventable blindness), and other genital infections. C. psittaci causes psittacosis which is transmitted from birds. C. pneumoniae causes atypical pneumonia.
- Diagnosis involves microscopy, antigen detection, culture, PCR and serology. Treatment involves antibiotics like azithromycin, doxycycline and
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Clinical microbiology : Chlamydia trachomatis an overview of STD's
- 1. Chlamydia trachomatis By : Muhamad Afif Bin Roslan BHAL17047118 MBBS UniSZA YEAR 2 1 Learning outcomes: 1. State the normal flora of Chlamydia trachomatis 2. Describe the virulence factor and infections of Chlamydia trachomatis 3. Explain the complication involving Chlamydia trachomatis 4. Briefly describe the investigations in diagnosing Chlamydia trachomatis
- 2. Chlamydia trachomatis infection Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular bacterium that infects human mucosal epithelial cells of the oropharynx, genital tract, anorectal area and conjunctiva. Chlamydia trachomatis can be found in the endothelium and epithelium of the: 1. Endocervix 2.Rectum 3.Peritoneal cavity 4.Fallopian tubes 5.Oropharynx and 6.Conjunctiva Chlamydia trachomatis 2
- 3. • The incubation period: 7-21 days • In 60% of women and at least 25% of men chlamydia infection is asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis infection Chlamydia trachomatis virulence factor 1. Intracellular replication- protected from host immune defense 2. Prevent fusion of phagolysosome- evades phagocytic killing 3. Repeated infections with C.trachomatis results in cell pathology 4. Serotypes A-K and L1,L2,L3 – Serotype identifies strain’s clinical manifestations 3
- 4. 4 Life cycle of Chlamydia trachomatis
- 5. ➢Women may present with non-specific symptoms such as: 1.Abnormal vaginal discharge and bleeding due to cervicitis 2.Dysuria 3.Pyuria 4.Abdominal pain and fever due to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), or from infection of the fallopian tubes or uterus. Men: ✓Dysuria ✓Urethral discharge ✓Epididymitis – pain & swelling of the testes Chlamydia trichomatis infection: symptoms 5
- 6. Complication of chlamydia trichomatis infection ➢PID & infertility ➢Trachoma inclusion conjunctivitis (TRIC) – in neonate. ➢Prostatitis or epididymitis, bartholinitis ➢Reiter’s syndrome – arthritis, conjuctivitis, uveitis etc ➢Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome (Rt upper quadrant abd pain in a sexually active person) Fitz hugh Curtis syndrome Trachoma inclusion 6
- 7. Investigation of Chlamydia Trachomatis •Must rule out gonococal infection. •Sample: urethral, cervical scrapings •Microscopic exam : stained by iodine or specific immunofluorescent antibody technique. •Culture: Mc Coy media etc •Antigen detection – ELISA •PCR 7
- 8. Thank you & Good Luck For PRO 1 REFERENCES: 1. Assoc.prof DR Salwani Ismail ,STD Lecture notes FP 2019 2. Robbins basic pathology of disease 3. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10397-010-0642-8 4. www.Medscape.com 8