Clinical Manifestations of Intestinal Obstruction (Constipation)
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This document discusses intestinal obstruction, describing its clinical manifestations and major causes. It defines intestinal obstruction as a physical blockage that prevents gut contents from progressing normally. The key clinical manifestations are abdominal pain, vomiting, distension, and constipation. The causes and symptoms vary depending on the location and severity of the obstruction, but may include colicky pain, faeculent vomiting, visible peristalsis, and dehydration. The major causes of intestinal obstruction are hernias, adhesions, volvulus, intussusception, and tumors.
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The gallbladder is a hollow organ located beneath the liver that stores and concentrates bile. Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, usually caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct. Symptoms include pain in the upper right abdomen and fever. Ultrasound is often used to diagnose cholecystitis by detecting gallstones or thickening of the gallbladder wall. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the gallbladder via laparoscopy.
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intestinal obstruction
Intestinal obstruction occurs when the intestine is blocked partially or completely, preventing contents from passing through. It can be classified as dynamic, adynamic, small bowel, or large bowel obstruction.
Clinical presentation depends on the location and severity of the obstruction. Symptoms often include colicky abdominal pain, vomiting, distention, and constipation.
Common causes are adhesions, hernias, volvulus, intussusceptions, gallstones, and tumors. Strangulated obstruction with compromised blood flow is a surgical emergency.
Diagnosis involves blood tests, abdominal exams, imaging studies like abdominal x-rays and CT scans to detect air-
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Intestinal obstruction occurs when intestinal contents cannot pass through normally. It can involve the small intestine, large intestine, or both. Obstruction is classified as mechanical, due to a physical blockage, or dynamic/adynamic without a blockage. Mechanical obstruction has specific causes and can be further classified as simple, strangulated, or closed loop based on vascular involvement. Clinical features vary depending on location and cause but commonly include pain, vomiting, distention, and constipation. Examination may reveal visible peristalsis, hyperactive bowel sounds, and tenderness.
Intestinal obstruction
Intestinal obstruction occurs when the normal passage of intestinal contents is blocked. It can involve the small intestine, large intestine, or both. Obstructions are classified as mechanical, which involve a physical blockage, or dynamic/adynamic, which involve ineffective motility without a blockage. Common causes include adhesions, hernias, tumors, and volvulus. Symptoms vary based on the location and severity of the obstruction but often include colicky abdominal pain, vomiting, distention, and constipation. Diagnosis involves physical exam findings like distention and hyperperistalsis as well as imaging tests showing gas/fluid levels and other signs of obstruction.
intestinal obstruction.pptx
This document discusses intestinal obstruction, including its definition, classification, causes, pathophysiology, signs, symptoms, investigations and management. Intestinal obstruction can be mechanical or non-mechanical, and mechanical obstructions are further classified as simple, closed-loop or strangulated. Common causes include adhesions, hernias, tumors and volvulus. The key features are pain, vomiting, constipation and distension. Investigations may include blood tests, imaging and endoscopy. Management depends on whether the obstruction is simple or there are signs of strangulation.
Intestinal Obstruction
This document discusses intestinal obstruction, including:
- Types of obstruction include mechanical, functional, dynamic, and adynamic. Mechanical obstruction can be partial or complete.
- Causes include adhesions, hernias, tumors, volvulus, and diverticular disease.
- Pathophysiology involves bowel distension, alterations in motility and absorption, circulatory changes, and bacterial overgrowth.
- Clinical presentation includes colicky abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, obstipation, and distension. Diagnosis involves imaging like abdominal x-rays, ultrasound, and CT scan.
- Management depends on whether it is simple or strangulated, and includes resuscitation, NG decompression
INTESTINAL_OBSTRUCTION_PPT.pptx
Intestinal obstruction occurs when the intestine is blocked, preventing the normal passage of digested food and fluid. This can be caused by adhesions, hernias, inflammatory bowel diseases, tumors, or intussusception. Symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and diarrhea. Diagnosis involves imaging tests and physical examination. Treatment depends on the severity and location of the blockage, ranging from surgery to remove the obstruction for complete blockages, to stents or dietary changes for partial blockages.
Acute bowel obstuction (lecture mogilevec e.v)
This document discusses acute intestinal obstruction, including classifications, causes, clinical features, investigations and treatments. It classifies obstruction based on origin, method of occurrence, blood flow and clinical course. Mechanical obstruction is distinguished from functional obstruction. Signs of small bowel obstruction include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and distention. Large bowel obstruction causes dull abdominal cramps and distention. Treatment involves decompression, fluid resuscitation, antibiotics and surgery to remove obstructions and non-viable bowel segments.
02. INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION-DR PHYLLIP BMC.ppt
This document provides an overview of intestinal obstruction, including:
- Definitions, classifications, etiologies, pathophysiology, clinical presentations, workup, and treatment of intestinal obstruction.
- Intestinal obstruction can be mechanical/dynamic from intraluminal, intramural/intrinsic, or extramural/extrinsic causes, or functional/adynamic from paralytic ileus, pseudo-obstruction, or other causes.
- Clinical features depend on location and severity of obstruction but commonly include abdominal pain, vomiting, distension, and constipation. Workup involves laboratory tests and physical exam to evaluate for complications like ischemia.
Intestinal obstruction
Intestinal obstruction occurs when there is an interruption of the normal passage of intestinal contents. It can be classified as mechanical or non-mechanical. Common causes of mechanical small bowel obstruction include adhesions, hernias, intussusceptions, and neoplasms. Common causes of mechanical large bowel obstruction are colon cancer, diverticular disease, and sigmoid volvulus. Diagnosis involves determining if obstruction is present and where, assessing for strangulation, and identifying the cause. Treatment depends on whether the obstruction is simple or there are signs of strangulation, and may involve decompression, IV fluids, or surgery.
Gastrointestinal obstruction
HI, i am Maitri Doshi, a medical student, showing many different presentations that i made.
It has introduction, causes, signs and symptoms, complications, and diagnosis.
Short and easy to understand about GI obstruction.
Intestinal obstruction
definition, types,etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, Diagnosis and management of intestinal obstruction
Constipation
Constipation is a common digestive complaint characterized by infrequent and difficult bowel movements. It can be caused by factors within the colon like slow motility or blockages, or external factors like diet, medications, and medical conditions. Chronic constipation significantly reduces quality of life and may lead to complications like hemorrhoids, anal fissures, or impaction if left untreated. Treatment involves increasing fiber intake, hydration, exercise, stool softeners, and in severe cases newer medications or surgery to correct structural issues. With lifestyle changes and proper management, most patients' constipation can be effectively controlled.
Pemicu 5 blok GIT.pptx
The document discusses defecation and constipation. It defines defecation as the process of passing stool through the anus, which is usually painless and under voluntary control. Constipation is defined as having less than 3 bowel movements per week and other symptoms like straining. Causes of constipation include low fiber diet, lack of exercise, and certain medications. Constipation can be primary/functional or secondary to other underlying disorders and is diagnosed based on symptoms and medical history.
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Clinical Manifestations of Intestinal Obstruction (Constipation)
- 1. CONSTIPATION OBJECTIVES: I. Describe the clinical manifestations of intestinal obstruction. II. List the major causes of intestinal obstruction. Updesh Kumar Yadav Roll No : 5126 Magh 14, 2073
- 2. Definition A blockage arising from a structural abnormality that presents a physical barrier to the progression of gut contents. Partial or Complete Simple or Strangulated Factors affecting clinical manifestation: Location of obstruction Duration of obstruction Underlying pathology Presence or absence of intestinal ischemia
- 3. Major Clinical Manifestations of Intestinal Obstruction: 1) Abdominal Pain 2) Vomiting 3) Distension 4) Constipation
- 4. Abdominal Pain • First symptom, usually sudden • Colicky in nature • Centered on the umbilicus (small bowel) or lower abdomen (large bowel) • Coincides with increasing peristaltic activity • With increasing distension, the colicky pain is replaced by a mild & more constant diffuse pain • Severe continuous pain indicates the presence of strangulation
- 5. Vomiting • Interval, frequency & nature of the vomitus depends on the site of the obstruction.
- 6. Vomiting cont… • More distal the obstruction, larger will be the interval between the onset of symptom & the appearance of nausea & vomiting. • More proximal the obstruction, greater will be the frequency of the vomitus. • Large volume of vomitus & sometimes projectile vomiting suggest upper intestinal obstruction. • As obstruction progresses the character of vomitus alters from digested food to faeculent material. • Faeculent vomit suggests lower intestinal obstruction.
- 7. Distension • Degree of distention depends on the site of obstruction. • More distal the obstruction, greater & more delayed will be the distension. • Central abdomen is distended in low small bowel obstruction & distension is much less in high SBO. • Visible peristalsis may be present (which can be provoked by gently flicking the abdominal wall)
- 8. Few images of visible peristalsis in obstruction
- 9. Constipation • A consensus definition used in research (The Rome III Criteria) defines constipation as having 2 or more of the following for at least 12 weeks: infrequent passage of stool (<3/weeks), straining >25% of the time, passage of hard stools, incomplete evacuation & sensation of anorectal blockage
- 10. Constipation cont… • Types : 1) Absolute (neither feces nor flatus is passed) 2) Relative (where only flatus is passed) Absolute constipation (Obstipation) is the cardinal features of the complete intestinal obstruction.
- 11. Other Manifestations: • Dehydration • Abdominal Tenderness • Pyrexia • Bowel Sound • Hypokalemia • Infrequent Urination • Fatigue
- 12. Major Causes of Intestinal Obstruction Hernia Intestinal Adhesions Volvulus Intussusception Tumors
- 13. Proximal small bowel Distal small bowel Large bowel Severe vomiting Moderate vomiting Late vomiting Less distension Central distension Early distension , pronounced Colicky pain Central abdominal pain Less pain Constipation late Varies in appearance Constipation is early feature Severe dehydration Moderate Less dehydration Comparison of Clinical Manifestation SUMMARY
- 14. References: o Bailey & Love’s Short Practice of Surgery – 26e o Harrison’s Principle of Internal Medicine – 18e o Davidson’s Principles & Practice of Medicine – 22e o Kumar & Clark’s Clinical Medicine – 7e o Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease – 9e
- 15. THANK YOU !!!