Intestinal obstruction occurs when the intestine is blocked, preventing the normal passage of digested food and fluid. This can be caused by adhesions, hernias, inflammatory bowel diseases, tumors, or intussusception. Symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and diarrhea. Diagnosis involves imaging tests and physical examination. Treatment depends on the severity and location of the blockage, ranging from surgery to remove the obstruction for complete blockages, to stents or dietary changes for partial blockages.

1. INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION
Deepak Saini
Group:301

2. INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION
• Intestinal obstruction means blockages of
Intestinal pathway that reduces normal flow
of product of intestine.
• It is aslo known as Bowel Obstraction
• Intestinal obstruction Is a Significant or
mechanical blockage Of intestine that occur
when Stool or food can’t move through the
intestine

3. • Digested food particles must travel through 25 feet of intestines or more
before new wastes enter your body. These wastes are constantly in
motion. However intestinal obstruction can put a stop to this. An
intestinal obstruction occurs when your small or large intestine is
blocked. The blockage, partial or total, prevents the passage of fluid or
digested food.
• If intestinal obstruction happens, food, fluids, gastric acids, and gas build
up behind the site of the blockage. If enough pressure builds up, the
intestine can rupture. This causes a leak of harmful stomach contents
into your abdominal cavity.

4.  Intussusception : which occurs when one section of your intestine
collapses into another
• Intestinal adhesions — bands of Fibrous tissue in the abdominal cavity
that can form after abdominal or pelvic surgery
• Colon cancer
• In children, the most common cause of intestinal obstruction is
telescoping of the intestine (intussusception).
• Hernias — portions of intestine that protrude into another part of your
body
• Inflammatory bowel diseases, such as Crohn's disease
• Diverticulitis — a condition in which small, bulging pouches
(diverticula) in the Digestive tract become inflamed or infected
• Twisting of the colon (volvulus)
• Impacted feces

7. Intestinal obstruction causes a wide range of uncomfortable symptoms, including:
• abdominal pain
• decreased appetite
• nausea
• vomiting
• constipation
• diarrhea
• severe abdominal cramps
• abdominal swelling
• Some of the symptoms may depend on the location of the obstruction. For
example, vomiting is an early sign of small intestine obstruction. This tends to
happen after a longer amount of time if you have an obstruction in the large
intestine. A partial obstruction can result in diarrhea, while a complete
obstruction results in constipation.
• Intestinal obstruction may also cause a high fever if a portion of the intestinal
wall has ruptured.

8. • Description of symptoms. Give your doctor a detailed description
of the bowel obstruction symptoms that are causing you concern.
• Medical history. Tell your doctor about any recent surgeries or
medical treatments as well as ongoing health conditions and
medications or supplements you are taking.
• Physical examination. Your doctor may want to examine your
abdomen and any other parts of your body where you are
experiencing pain or discomfort.
• Imaging tests. “To diagnose [bowel obstruction], you rely on
imaging an X-ray or CT scan.
• Colonoscopy. If your doctor suspects that the obstruction is in the
large bowel, he may order a colonoscopy. You will be sedated for
this test while your doctor inserts a camera at the end of a thin
tube into your colon. This allows him to see inside the colon.

10. • Treatment for partial obstruction-
• Treatment for complete obstructionsurgery to
relieve the blockage. involves removing the
obstruction, as well as any section of your
intestine that has died or is damaged.
• Stents are generally used to treat people with
colon cancer
special low-fiber diet

11. Most intestinal obstructions require surgery.
Medications your doctor may prescribe include:
• antibiotics to reduce infection
• anti-emetics to keep you from vomiting
• pain relievers