This document contains information about climatic processes and patterns from a geography lesson, including: - Different factors that influence climate like temperature, latitude, altitude, and relief. - Climatic processes like heating from the sun, wind patterns, precipitation, and the water cycle. - Types of precipitation like orographic, convectional, and frontal rainfall. - How climatic processes can affect natural landscapes through erosion, deposition, and vegetation growth. - Examples of completing word squares and definitions for geographic terms.

1. Wed 27 th Feb DO NOW: Name 3 aspects of climate Temperature, rainfall, sunshine, wind, seasons, humidity, weather, droughts, hurricanes, monsoons Level 2 Geography

2. Skills – pg48 Due: Friday 29 th Feb No essay practice this week. Homework for Week 5:

3. Learning Intention: To be able to describe different climatic processes Climatic Patterns and Processes

4. Climate… look at an atlas

5. Climatic Processes: heating of the earth The sun heats the earth - Temperatures are warmer at the equator where the sun’s rays are more concentrated. How could the sun affect natural landscapes?

6. Latitude: Generally the closer to the Equator the warmer the temperature. This is because light at the Equator hits at less of an angle than at the poles. Northland at 36°S has an average temp of 14°C, whereas at Tongariro at 39°S has an average temp of 7°C. Altitude: Saturated air cools at the rate of 0.6°C per 100 vertical metres. Relief: This can cause orographic rain (Rangipo Desert) and cause wind funnelling (e.g. Cook Strait). Climate Controls copy

7. Climatic Processes: Aeolian Processes Wind – occurs through the heating and cooling of air. Air rises because it’s warm, then cools and falls. (convection current) How do you think wind could affect natural landscapes? - Erosion (when something is warn away) - Deposition – when particles are deposited somewhere)

8. Climatic Processes: Precipitation Rain…Snow…Hail…Drizzle… How do you think precipitation could affect natural landscapes? Erosion – rainfall wears away soils and rocks Helps grow vegetation Creates flooding which erodes, transports and deposits soil particles.

9. Precipitation: draw a simplified version

10. evaporation Water condenses Rainfall This enters the rivers, glaciers, streams, lakes, ground water, oceans to complete the system Simplified water cycle

11. Types of Rainfall: Orographic Moist air forced to rise Rain shadow on leeward side Air warms as it descends Air cools as it rises Rain Dry

12. Where could orographic rainfall occur in NZ? - West side of the mountain ranges Where would the rain shadows be? - Eastern side of the mountain ranges What does leeward mean? lee – shelterd area Leeward – the sheltered side of something. Eg the Desert Road is the sheltered (leeward) side of Mt Ruapehu. Write generalisations to answer these questions

13. Warm Surface Warm moist air rising Altitude Convectional Rainfall Types of Rainfall: Convectional

14. Types of Rainfall: Frontal – cold front Narrow bank of heavy rain Cumulus Cumulonimbus Squalls Cold air (denser) Warm air (less dense) Frontal surface

15. Types of Rainfall: Frontal – warm front Drizzle Warmer air nimbostratus Frontal surface Wide band of heavy rain Cooler air (denser)

16. Vegetation: Complete a word square for TUSSOCK Draw a picture of the word. Write your own definition of the word. Write the word in a sentence. TUSSOCK

17. Vegetation: Complete a word square for Beech Forest

18. Vegetation: Complete a word square for Lichens

19. Tell the person beside you how orographic rainfall occurs.

20. Reflection Have you achieved today’s Learning Intention? Write down any questions that you have from today’s lesson. In your groups, work out the question you can’t answer. Learning Intention: To be able to describe different climatic processes

21. ? Answer: ? Answer: ? Answer: ? Answer: ? Answer: ? Answer: