The document is an assignment discussing various climate measuring instruments including hygrometers, barometers, radars, wind vanes, and anemometers. Each instrument is described in terms of its function, mechanism, and application in meteorological science. The assignment is prepared by a student at Chenab College of Engineering & Technology for a civil engineering course.

1. 1
CHENAB COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Engineering Hydrology
Assignment-I
 Submitted To: Engr. Syed Ali Husnain
 Submitted By: Hassan Ur Rahman
 Registration No: 2017-UET-CCET-CIVIL-18

2. 2
Climate Measuring Instruments
1- Hygrometer.
2- Barometer.
3- Radar.
4- Wind Vane.
5- Anemometer.
Hygrometer:
 Hygrometer is the instrument that is used in
meteorological science to measure relative humidity
in atmosphere.[1][2]
 Hygrometer works differently for different testing
purposes. The most used hygrometer is
psychrometer. It consists of two thermometers one
is wet bulb and other is dry bulb. Relative humidity
is determined by comparing the difference between
these two temperatures.
 This psychrometer is useful for close-room
environment.[3]
Barometer:
 Barometer is the instrument which is used to
measure pressure upon surface. There are several
types of barometers in market.
 Simplest type of barometer consists of tube filled
with liquid mercury and other side is sealed. Another
more simple instrument for measuring pressure is
aneroid barometer. Aneroid barometer is sealed
capsule, with flexible sides and mounted in a
box.[5]
Radar:
 RADAR stands for Radio Detection And Ranging.
 RADAR used radio waves to detect range, angle,
climate etc. It can be used to detect aircraft, ships,
spacecraft.
 Radar system consists of transmitter that produces
electromagnetic waves in radio, a transmitting
antenna and also a receiving antenna, a receiver and
processor, used to determine climate and other stuff
like this.[7]
Figure-I: Hygrometer.[4]
Figure-II: Barometer.[6]
Figure-III: Radar.[8]

3. 3
Wind Vane:
 Weather vane, wind vane or weather crock is instrument used for showing the
direction of wind.
 The word vane comes from word “fana” which means flag.[9]
 To use wind vane, place it in an open area. Use compass to make sure that N on your
direction disk is pointing north. When wind blows then see in which direction arrow
points are? The arrow will point in the direction the wind is blowing from.
 If arrow is towards north then wind is blowing from north.[10]
Anemometer:
 Anemometer is an instrument which is used to measure
wind speed and is also called as common weather station
input.
 Anemometer is derived from Greek word “Anemos”
which means wind and is used to describe any wind
instrument used in meteorology.[12]
 Wind speed helps to indicate change in weather patterns,
which quite helpful for pilots, engineers and
climatologists.
 The most used type of anemometer is two to three cups
attached to horizontal arms and arms are attached to
vertical rod. As the wind blows, cup rotates and rod spin. As
faster the wind blows, cup rotates faster. Anemometer
counts number of rotations to calculate wind speed.[13]
Figure-IV: Wind Vane.[11]
Figure-V:
Anemometer.[14]

4. 4
References:
Hygrometer Complete Data
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hygrometer.
[2] https://www.britannica.com/science/hygrometer.
[3] https://hygrometer.net/hygrometers-work/.
[4] https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.homedepot-
static.com%2FproductImages%2F46327202-117f-4d56-93c4-
92004e013909%2Fsvn%2Ftfa-outdoor-hygrometers-45-2033-
64_1000.jpg&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.homedepot.com%2Fp%2FTFA-
TableStand-Chrome-Thermo-Hygrometer-45-
2033%2F302872763&docid=kDgC3MAghAXXwM&tbnid=NDqDEGzt6HUysM%3A&vet
=10ahUKEwiUyLjzt8PkAhXFxIUKHbsFASAQMwh5KAEwAQ..i&w=1000&h=1000&clie
nt=opera&bih=658&biw=984&q=hygrometer&ved=0ahUKEwiUyLjzt8PkAhXFxIUKHbsF
ASAQMwh5KAEwAQ&iact=mrc&uact=8.
Barometer Complete Data
[5] https://sciencing.com/information-weather-forecasting-instruments-22256.html.
[6] https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fis4-
ssl.mzstatic.com%2Fimage%2Fthumb%2FPurple124%2Fv4%2F8f%2F64%2F59%2F8f645
920-184d-ac90-f5a6-7118b435820d%2FAppIcon-0-1x_U007emarketing-0-0-
GLES2_U002c0-512MB-sRGB-0-0-0-85-220-0-0-0-
7.png%2F246x0w.jpg&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fitunes.apple.com%2Fnz%2Fapp%2Fb
arometer-atmospheric-
pressure%2Fid769602146%3Fmt%3D8&docid=ZiwqpgQFM6F6LM&tbnid=CPs9i98_m2Z
wKM%3A&vet=10ahUKEwja3tX4uMPkAhUKhlwKHfcaCEkQMwiCASgGMAY..i&w=2
46&h=246&client=opera&bih=658&biw=984&q=barometer&ved=0ahUKEwja3tX4uMPkA
hUKhlwKHfcaCEkQMwiCASgGMAY&iact=mrc&uact=8.
Radar Complete Data
[7] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radar.
[8]
https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nwclimate.org%2Fwp-
content%2Fuploads%2F2015%2F10%2Fweather-radar-
building.jpg&imgrefurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nwclimate.org%2Fguides%2Fweather-
radar-
websites%2F&docid=EoCuWfZvGTZSgM&tbnid=BV36KVgJxpdg6M%3A&vet=10ahUK
Ewil__npucPkAhUIyYUKHZGVANIQMwhKKAAwAA..i&w=600&h=600&client=opera

5. 5
&bih=658&biw=984&q=climate%20radar&ved=0ahUKEwil__npucPkAhUIyYUKHZGVA
NIQMwhKKAAwAA&iact=mrc&uact=8.
Weather Vane
[9] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weather_vane.
[10] http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/wwatch/gather_data/windvane.htm.
[11]
https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2F4.imimg.com%2Fdata4%2FCS
%2FNN%2FMY-4176277%2Fwind-vane-wind-direction-
500x500.jpg&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiamart.com%2Fproddetail%2Fwind-
vane-wind-direction-
13641122788.html&docid=5D9U7FC1CYno7M&tbnid=nFOxl7V_wOBZWM%3A&vet=1
0ahUKEwjphqilvMPkAhXzoVwKHckdCo0QMwh3KAEwAQ..i&w=500&h=375&client=o
pera&bih=658&biw=984&q=wind%20vane&ved=0ahUKEwjphqilvMPkAhXzoVwKHckd
Co0QMwh3KAEwAQ&iact=mrc&uact=8.
Anemometer
[12] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anemometer.
[13] https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/anemometer/.
[14] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wea00920.jpg.