Tools we use for weather prediction
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This document describes various instruments used to measure different weather elements including: air temperature (thermometers, thermographs), air pressure (mercury and aneroid barometers, barographs), wind (wind vanes, anemometers, aerovanes, anemographs), humidity (psychometers, hair hygrometers, hydrothermographs), precipitation (rain gauges), clouds (ceiling light projectors, satellite imagery), and solar radiation (polar-orbiting satellites, geostationary meteorological satellites, pilot balloons, theodolites).
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The document discusses weather and climate, defining weather as the current atmospheric conditions in a specific place and time. It describes the key elements of weather as temperature, humidity, precipitation including rain, snow and hail, and wind. It also lists common instruments used to measure these elements, such as thermometers, pluviometers, anemometers and vanes. The document poses questions about these topics and suggests related activities like identifying weather instruments and recording daily weather conditions.
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This document lists and describes various meteorological instruments used to measure different weather phenomena. It discusses instruments that measure temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind speed and direction, precipitation, humidity, solar radiation, cloud height and more. The instruments are used by meteorologists to collect weather data and make observations about current and changing weather conditions.
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The document discusses weather and climate, defining weather as the current atmospheric conditions in a specific place and time. It describes the key elements of weather as temperature, humidity, precipitation including rain, snow and hail, and wind. It also lists common instruments used to measure these elements, such as thermometers, pluviometers, anemometers and vanes. The document poses questions about these topics and suggests related activities like identifying weather instruments and recording daily weather conditions.
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This document discusses various instruments used to measure meteorological elements like temperature, humidity, and wind speed. It describes:
1. Thermometers like mercury, alcohol, maximum, minimum, kata, and globe thermometers which are used to measure air temperature, maximum/minimum temperatures reached, cooling power of air, mean radiant heat.
2. Instruments like the sling and Assmann psychrometers which use wet and dry bulb thermometers to measure relative humidity by comparing the temperature difference between a wet and dry bulb.
3. The kata thermometer procedure which involves suspending wet and dry thermometer bulbs in air to measure cooling power and thermal comfort.
4. Wind an
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Included in the slide is a presentation about the weather and the different kinds of weather instruments. This slide is best used in demo presentation. It also includes sample test questions and assignments. It does not have slide special effects. Its reference is based only on self research from various sites and definitions by meriam dictionary.
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Meteorology is the study of the atmosphere and weather forecasting. Early weather observation relied on observing the sky, but instruments like the barometer, hygrometer, and thermometer allowed accurate measurement of atmospheric variables. In 1765 daily measurements began in France, allowing reasonable short-term forecasts. Modern meteorology began after a 1854 storm disaster prompted establishment of a storm warning service in France. A variety of instruments are now used to observe and measure various atmospheric phenomena and conditions.
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This document discusses various instruments used to measure meteorological elements. It describes 12 meteorological elements (such as wind speed, atmospheric pressure, temperature, rainfall) and provides 1-2 sentences on the instrument used to measure each element. For example, it states that an anemometer is used to measure wind speed and a rain gauge is used to measure the amount of rainfall. The document is intended to inform readers about the different tools that meteorologists use to collect weather data.
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Westly Whithers, a meteorologist, introduces the tools used to study and measure weather conditions. He explains that as a meteorologist he went to school to learn how to use instruments like a thermometer, barometer, anemometer, weather vane, rain gauge to measure air temperature, air pressure, wind speed, wind direction, and precipitation. He quizzes the viewer on identifying the instruments and their purposes before concluding that learning about weather can be fun.
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The document describes several common weather instruments: thermometers measure air temperature, sling psychrometers measure humidity, anemometers measure wind speed, barometers measure air pressure, and weather charts synthesize multiple data points. Thermometers contain a liquid that expands with heat, allowing users to read the temperature. Psychrometers measure humidity by comparing the temperature of a wet bulb to a dry bulb. Anemometers have spinning cups or vanes moved by wind. Barometers measure air pressure in millibars using a column of liquid. Weather charts depict fronts, pressure systems, and symbols to convey current and predicted conditions.
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The document discusses different weather instruments and measurements. It defines weather as the state of the atmosphere regarding heat, moisture, wind and precipitation. It describes how barometers are used to measure atmospheric pressure, which is highest at sea level due to more air pressing down. Thermometers measure temperature, while psychrometers compare wet and dry bulb temperatures to determine relative humidity levels in the air.
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Thermometers measure air temperature using liquid expansion in a glass tube. Barometers measure air pressure to indicate rising or falling conditions. A sling psychrometer uses two thermometers to measure relative humidity through evaporation. Weather instruments like rain gauges, anemometers, hygrometers, weather balloons, compasses, satellites, and human observation are used to detect and analyze atmospheric conditions.
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This document discusses tools for testing coolant strength in a vehicle's cooling system. It describes a hydrometer and refractometer, which measure the concentration of antifreeze compared to water to determine freeze protection. A hydrometer indicates the freeze protection level by where floating balls point on a scale, which should be between 34 degrees F and 265 degrees F. A refractometer measures the refraction of light through the coolant to determine the refractive index and corresponding coolant concentration.
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This document lists and describes various meteorological instruments used to measure different weather phenomena. It discusses instruments that measure temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind speed and direction, humidity, rainfall, sunlight, and other meteorological variables. The instruments are used to collect weather data that can be analyzed to study weather patterns and climate conditions.
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A hygrometer is an instrument used to measure humidity. It has been improved over time from early versions built by da Vinci and Folli to modern electronic hygrometers. Hygrometers work by measuring things like the difference between wet-bulb and dry-bulb temperatures or electrical resistance. They are used to monitor humidity in various applications like incubators and museums. Common types include mechanical, electronic, dew point, and chemical hygrometers.
Methods for measurements of meteorological variables
1) Meteorological instruments must be accurate to properly measure variables like wind direction, speed, humidity, temperature, and solar radiation.
2) The National Environmental Engineering Research Institute in India has developed simple, low-cost devices to measure these variables, including a wind vane for direction and a four-cup anemometer for speed.
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This document discusses types of rain gauges used to measure rainfall. It describes non-automatic/non-recording rain gauges like Symon's rain gauge which collect rainfall manually. It also describes automatic/recording rain gauges like weighing bucket, tipping bucket, and float type gauges that record rainfall continuously without manual measurement. Recording gauges provide rainfall intensity over time through a pen on a rotating drum, while non-recording gauges only give total rainfall. Recording gauges do not require an attendant but are more expensive and prone to mechanical faults.
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This document discusses weather and the elements that define it. It describes the four seasons and how the Earth's movement around the sun creates them. It also outlines instruments used to measure temperature, precipitation, wind speed and direction. Questions are provided to test comprehension, and activities are suggested to have students order atmospheric layers, report current weather, name measuring tools and identify the current season.
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This document discusses temperature and flow measurement. It begins by defining temperature and the common units used to measure it. There are two main methods for measuring temperature - electrical and non-electrical. Electrical methods include thermocouples, thermistors, and RTDs, which convert temperature into an electrical signal. Non-electrical methods include infrared thermometers and glass thermometers. The document also defines flow and common flow measurement units. Main flow measurement devices are discussed, including orifice plates, vortex meters, pitot tubes, and magnetic and turbine flow meters. These devices are used across industries like oil/gas, water treatment, and manufacturing.
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This document discusses principles and methods of humidity measurement. It defines key terms like relative humidity, wet bulb temperature, and dew point. Popular devices for measurement include hygrometers, thermohygrometers, psychrometers, and dew point meters. Thermohygrometers typically use a sponge or electronic sensor to measure humidity along with a thermometer to measure temperature. Psychrometers use two thermometers - a dry bulb and wet bulb, with the latter wrapped in a moist wick, to determine humidity through evaporation rates. Psychrometric charts graphically represent atmospheric conditions and are useful for applications like HVAC.
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This document discusses various instruments used to measure meteorological elements like temperature, humidity, and wind speed. It describes:
1. Thermometers like mercury, alcohol, maximum, minimum, kata, and globe thermometers which are used to measure air temperature, maximum/minimum temperatures reached, cooling power of air, mean radiant heat.
2. Instruments like the sling and Assmann psychrometers which use wet and dry bulb thermometers to measure relative humidity by comparing the temperature difference between a wet and dry bulb.
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Included in the slide is a presentation about the weather and the different kinds of weather instruments. This slide is best used in demo presentation. It also includes sample test questions and assignments. It does not have slide special effects. Its reference is based only on self research from various sites and definitions by meriam dictionary.
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Meteorology is the study of the atmosphere and weather forecasting. Early weather observation relied on observing the sky, but instruments like the barometer, hygrometer, and thermometer allowed accurate measurement of atmospheric variables. In 1765 daily measurements began in France, allowing reasonable short-term forecasts. Modern meteorology began after a 1854 storm disaster prompted establishment of a storm warning service in France. A variety of instruments are now used to observe and measure various atmospheric phenomena and conditions.
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This document discusses several instruments used to measure weather conditions:
1) The aneroid barometer measures atmospheric pressure and requires corrections for index error and height above sea level.
2) The barograph continuously records barometric pressure on a rotating chart and requires weekly maintenance including chart changes and ink replenishment.
3) The hygrometer measures relative humidity and dew point using a wet-bulb thermometer surrounded by a damp wick inside a ventilated Stevenson screen.
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This document discusses the history of the development of meteorology and the invention of various weather instruments. It describes how early weather observation was based on sky observations, and how instruments like the barometer, thermometer, and hygrometer were later invented to measure air pressure, temperature, and humidity. It then discusses the development of weather mapping, satellites, and modern forecasting techniques using data from worldwide observation stations.
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Meteorological instruments are used to measure various atmospheric conditions. Key instruments include thermometers for temperature (degrees Celsius/Fahrenheit), barometers for pressure (hPa, mb), anemometers for wind speed (m/s, km/h), rain gauges for precipitation (mm), and hygrometers for humidity (percent relative humidity). Other instruments such as ceilometers, disdrometers, and weather balloons equipped with radiosondes are used to profile clouds, precipitation, and wind conditions at varying altitudes above ground level. Measurement units vary depending on the parameter and instrument but generally relate to the International System of Units.
Metereological instruments
Meteorological instruments are used to measure various atmospheric conditions. Key instruments include thermometers for temperature (degrees Celsius/Fahrenheit), barometers for pressure (hPa, mb), anemometers for wind speed (m/s, km/h), rain gauges for precipitation (mm), and hygrometers for humidity (percent relative humidity). Other instruments such as ceilometers, disdrometers, and weather balloons equipped with radiosondes are used to profile clouds, precipitation, and wind conditions at varying altitudes above ground level. Measurement units vary depending on the parameter and instrument but generally relate to the International System of Units.
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This document outlines the key elements of weather that are measured, including temperature, precipitation, wind, humidity, atmospheric pressure, sunshine, and cloudiness. It describes the instruments used to measure each element, such as thermometers for temperature, rain gauges for precipitation, wind vanes and anemometers for wind, hygrometers for humidity, barometers for pressure, a Campbell-Stokes recorder for sunshine, and estimation of cloud cover in oktas. It provides details on how each instrument is used and constructed to gather weather data.
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The document provides a history of meteorology and the invention of various weather instruments. It discusses how Aristotle coined the term "meteorology" and early attempts to study and predict weather. Key developments included Galileo inventing the thermometer in 1593, Torricelli inventing the barometer in 1664, and the introduction of instruments like the anemometer, hygrometer, and rain gauge between the 15th-19th centuries. Modern weather forecasting relies on tools developed over centuries, as well as newer technologies like weather balloons, satellites, and radar.
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The document provides a history of meteorology and the invention of various weather instruments. It discusses how Aristotle coined the term "meteorology" and early attempts to study and predict weather. Key developments included Galileo inventing the thermometer in 1593, Torricelli inventing the barometer in 1664, and the introduction of weather balloons, kites and airplanes to take weather measurements in the 1900s. The common weather instruments - the thermometer, barometer, hygrometer, anemometer and rain gauge - were developed between 1640-1750 by various scientists to measure temperature, air pressure, humidity, wind speed and rainfall.
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The document discusses barometers, which are tools used to measure atmospheric pressure. It describes the basic types of barometers, including mercury barometers and aneroid barometers. It explains how barometers can be used to predict weather changes by measuring fluctuations in air pressure. Specifically, decreasing pressure typically signifies stormy weather, while rising pressure usually means calm conditions. The document also outlines some common applications of barometers in weather forecasting.
Babelene@powerpoint
Meteorology is the scientific study of the atmosphere and weather forecasting. It has developed significantly since the 18th century with the establishment of observation networks across many countries. Further breakthroughs in weather forecasting occurred in the late 20th century with the development of computers. Meteorology studies observable weather events and phenomena through measurements of atmospheric variables like temperature, pressure, and water vapor at different spatial scales from local to global. It is closely related to other atmospheric sciences and has applications across diverse fields.
Babelene
Meteorology is the scientific study of the atmosphere and weather forecasting. It has developed significantly since the 18th century with the establishment of observation networks across many countries. Further breakthroughs in weather forecasting occurred in the late 20th century with the development of computers. Meteorology studies observable weather events and phenomena through measurements of atmospheric variables like temperature, pressure, and water vapor at different spatial scales from local to global. It is closely related to other atmospheric sciences and has applications across diverse fields.
Babelene
Meteorology is the scientific study of the atmosphere and weather forecasting. Significant advances occurred in the 18th century with observing networks, and in the 20th century with the development of computers enabling improved weather forecasting. Meteorology studies temperature, pressure, water vapor and how they interact and change over time at various spatial scales from local to global. It is related to other atmospheric sciences and has applications across many fields. Common weather instruments measure rainfall, temperature, pressure, wind speed and direction, sunshine, and humidity.
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History of meteorology and invention of weather instruments
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Tools we use for weather prediction
- 2. (i) Air temperature (ii) Air pressure (iii) Wind Velocity (iv) Humidity (v) Precipitation (rain, snow hail etc.) (vi) Clouds (viii) Solar radiation
- 3. (i) Air temperature Thermometer thermometers measure the air temperature via the expansion or contraction of a liquid or a metal as the air temperature changes. Some thermometers contain red-colored alcohol, others contain mercury, while still others have a bimetal coil attached to a gauge. Thermographs An instrument that records temperature on graphing paper.
- 4. Barometer Types of barometer: o Mercury barometer----Barometers measure the air pressure, which is sometimes referred to as barometric pressure. The pressure of the air on the pool of mercury in the barometer causes the mercury to rise in a tube. We measure the height of mercury in the tube in inches. Aneroid barometers--- which don't contain mercury but have a small box inside instead. The air pressure on this box causes it to change shape, moving a needle on a gauge that indicates the air pressure. Normal air pressure readings vary from 28 to 31. Barograph a recording barometer.
- 5. Wind Vane Indicates wind direction. Anemometer measures wind speed. Made of propeller cups which are rotated by the wind’s motion. aerovane Indicates both the wind direction and speed or simply the ―wind velocity‖ Anemographs Records the variations of the wind velocity.
- 6. Psychometer—measures humidity consists of dry and wet-bulb thermometer Hair Hygrometer—uses human hair Hydrothermograph—records relative humidity and temperatureon a graphing paper.
- 7. Rain Gauge– a galvanized iron cylinder which is 20 cm in diameter. A rain gauge is a weather tool used to collect rain. Using measurements on the side of the rain gauge, you can see how many inches it rained.
- 8. Ceiling Light Projector-- uses a searchlight to project vertically a narrow beam of light onto a cloud base. The height of the cloud base is determined by using a clinometer, located at a known distance from the ceiling light, to measure the angle included by the illuminated spot on the cloud, the observer, and the ceiling light.
- 9. Pibal/Theodolite (Pilot Balloon Theodolite) Satellite imagery
- 10. Polar-Obtaining Satellites-- is an orbit in which a satellite passes above or nearly above both poles of the body being orbited on each revolution. Geostationary Meteorological Satellite (GMS)---- satellites hovering over the same spot on the equator. Pilot Balloon-- A small balloon used to determine wind velocity. Theodolite-- An optical instrument consisting of a small mounted telescope rotatable in horizontal and vertical planes, used to measure angles in surveying, meteorology, and navigation.