The document discusses climate change, defining it as a long-term alteration in weather patterns driven primarily by greenhouse gases (GHGs) like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. It details the effects of climate change, including rising sea levels, global warming, and impacts on ecosystems and human health, while providing mitigation strategies such as renewable energy and increased energy efficiency. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) aims to limit global temperature increases and reduce carbon emissions to combat this global issue.