This document contains a presentation on climate change given in Narvik, Norway. It discusses the shrinking of the Upsala glacier in Patagonia-Argentina over time. It then covers the natural and human causes of climate change, including the greenhouse effect and how excess fossil fuel use has increased greenhouse gases. Key indicators of climate change are outlined as well as the impacts of a warming planet like extreme weather. Solutions proposed include reducing emissions through choices like using renewable energy and recycling. The importance of individual and collective action is stressed.

1. Climate change presentation
By Marina Kaitalidou for Climate school in Narvik, Norway
WELCOME!

2. Upsala glacier 1928-2001, Patagonia-Argentina
South America’s largest glacier, Upsala measures 50km long and 10km wide (31 miles long,
6 miles wide).

3. Teachers TV- Climate Change - The Causes
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RHrFBOUl6-8

4. Planet Earth is about 4,5 billion years old!
 The temperature of the Earth has changed many
times during its life, changing the global
temperature(climate). These changes happen
naturally and are caused by changes in the
amount of energy that our planet receives from
the sun or from events such as volcanic
explosions.

5. What causes climate change?
 The cause of climate change is the excessive use of fossil resources such as coal
and lignite, oil and natural gas, the burning of which releases huge amounts of
CO2 into the atmosphere. In this way the “blanket” of “Greenhouse” gases
covering the Earth, holds more and more energy which, in its turn, increases
the average temperature of the planet.

6.  The temperature changes are derived
from a combination of natural
events(facts) and climate change caused
by Man. Sometimes both factors causing
warming on earth and sometimes some
natural events can cool down a little bit
the planet and to disguise(cover up) or
hide the effects of climate change which
caused by human. But such changes and
the increase in the Earth continuously
heated. The 9 warmest years in the
history of the planet have been between
1997 and 2007.

7. Top 10 Warmest Years (1880–2013)
10 warmest years on record.
Rank
1 = Warmest
Period of
Record:
1880–2013
Year Anomaly °C Anomaly °F
1 2010 0.66 1.19
2 2005 0.65 1.17
3 1998 0.63 1.13
4 (tie)* 2013 0.62 1.12
4 (tie)* 2003 0.62 1.12
6 2002 0.61 1.10
7 2006 0.60 1.08
8 (tie)* 2009 0.59 1.07
8 (tie)* 2007 0.59 1.06
10 (tie) 2004 0.57 1.04
10 (tie) 2012 0.57 1.03
*Note: Tie is based on temperature anomaly in °C.
*Anomaly= sth that deviate from what is normal, etc.

8. Greenhouse Effect
What is the Greenhouse Effect?

9. What is the Greenhouse Effect?
 The term Greenhouse is used in conjunction with the phenomenon known as
the Greenhouse effect.
 Energy from the sun drives the earth’s weather and climate, and heats the
earth’s surface.
 In turn, the earth radiates energy back into space
 Some atmospheric gases (water vapor, carbon dioxide, and other gases) trap
some of the outgoing energy, retaining heat somewhat like the glass panels of
a greenhouse.
 These gases are therefore known as Greenhouse gases.
 The Greenhouse effect is the rise in temperature on Earth as certain gases in
the atmosphere trap energy.

11. When did start the Greenhouse Effect?
 Greenhouse gases started millions of years ago, before life began on earth. They keep the
planet warm enough for life, through the natural carbon and water cycles of the planet.
Human began producing greenhouse gases about 260 years ago, at the start of the Industrial
Revolution, when we dug up durned coal and oil for industry, transport and later for the
generation of electricity. These fossil fuels are releasing extra greenhouse gas which is now
overwhelming the natural carbon cycle.
 Svante Arrhenius (1859-1927) was a Swedish scientist that was the first to claim in 1896 that
fossil fuel combustion may eventually result in enhanced global warming. He proposed a
relation between atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and temperature. He found that
the average surface temperature of the earth is about 15oC because of the infrared
absorption capacity of water vapor and carbon dioxide. This is called the natural greenhouse
effect. Arrhenius suggested a doubling of the CO2 concentration would lead to a 5oC
temperature rise. He and Thomas Chamberlin calculated that human activities could warm
the earth by adding carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. This research was a by-product of
research of whether carbon dioxide would explain the causes of the great Ice Ages. This was
not actually verified until 1987.

13. Greenhouse Effect

14. 3D Animation for a Short film on Global
Warming
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RHrFBOUl6-8

15. Climate change
What is the climate change?

16. What is climate change?
 Climate change is a significant and lasting change in the statistical distribution of
weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It may be
a change in average weather conditions, or in the distribution of weather around
the average conditions (i.e., more or fewer extreme weather events).
 Today when people talk about climate change beyond the sun or volcanic
explosions. They talk about the changes because of human activities and starting
from the time when coal was first used to give energy in industry.
 Global warming and climate change refer to an increase in average global
temperatures. Natural events and human activities are believed to be contributing
to an increase in average global temperatures. This is caused primarily by
increases in “Greenhouse” gases such as Carbon Dioxide (CO2).
 A warming planet thus leads to a change in climate which can affect weather in
various ways(, as discussed further below).

17. How climate change works

18. The main indicators of
Climate Change
What are the main indicators of Climate Change?

19. What are the main indicators of Climate
Change?There are 7 indicators that would be expected to increase in a warming world:
 Tropospheric Temperature
 Humidity
 Temperature Over Ocean
 Sea Surface Temperature
 Sea Level
 Temperature Over Land
 Ocean Heat Content
and 3 indicators would be expected to decrease:
 Glacier
 Snow Cover
 Artic Sea Ice

21. A Global Climate Change (animation)
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zpu7IZcdzXE

22. The impacts of climate change.
 Extreme weather events like
floods, drought, heat waves and
heavy storms.

23. We have two options!

24. Option number 1

25. Option number 2

26. The solution!
Help the Earth to help you!
1. Green your commute!
2. Fly less!
3. Be energy efficient, use not abuse!
4. Choose renewable power!
5. Save the water!
6. Love your food, hate your waste!
7. Reduce, reuse, recycle!
8. Pay as you throw!
9. Insulation the house!
10. Eco drive!
11. Get informed!
12. Get involved!

27. We should act NOW!

28. Global Warming Facts
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ROZJmX73FF4

29. Everything starts
from 1 person,
but the results
come from a
group of people!
So what do you
think, would you
like to stop at
this point or to
GET INVOLVE?

30.  Tusen Takk!
 Merci beaucoup!
 ክብረት ይሃበለይ!
 Большое спасибо!
 Τak!
 Ευχαριστώ πάρα πολύ!
 Thank you very much!

31. Bibliography
 http://www.globalissues.org/article/233/climate-change-and-global-warming-
introduction
 http://www.wwf.gr/el/sustainable-economy/clean-energy/climate-change
 http://education.actionaid.gr/files/File/Yliko%20Kontra%20Gymnasio/Ekpaideytik
es%20Kartes.pdf
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change
 http://www.lenntech.com/greenhouse-effect/global-warming-history.htm
 http://wiki.answers.com/Q/When_did_greenhouse_gas_start?#slide=8
 https://www.google.no/search?q=greenhouse+gas&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&
sa=X&ei=GqePU4_0BpOK4gTQkYD4Dg&ved=0CC0QsAQ&biw=1067&bih=552
 https://www.google.no/search?q=the+main+indicators+of+Climate+Change&tbm=i
sch&source=lnms&sa=X&ei=oKePU8nhDu2P4gSX44HYDg&ved=0CAgQ_AUoAQ&biw=1
067&bih=552&dpr=1.5
 http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/global/2010/13
 http://www.davidsuzuki.org/what-you-can-do/top-10-ways-you-can-stop-climate-
change/

32. YouTube Links
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RHrFBOUl6-8
 http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=3D+Animation+for+a+Short+fi
lm+on+Global++Warming
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ROZJmX73FF4