This document summarizes a unit on cleaner production from the Saltillo Technological Institute's distance education program. It discusses the principles and phases of cleaner production, as well as practices, barriers, and benefits. Cleaner production aims to conserve resources and reduce waste and pollution in production processes, products, and services. It can increase efficiency and sustainability. The document also provides several case studies on industries that implemented cleaner production strategies to reduce their environmental impact and become more sustainable and efficient.

1. SALTILLO TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE
DISTANCE EDUCATION UNIT
MATTER: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
UNIT 5 MODIFIED SCENARIOS
TEACHER: JUAN CARLOS LOYOLA LICEA
STUDENT: HERIBERTO RAMIREZ PARRA
6TH SEMESTRE
ACTIVITY CLEANER PRODUCTION
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Saltillo Coahuila to March 20, 2019

2.  INTRODUCTION
 PRINCIPLES OF CLANER PRODUCTION
 PHASES OF CLENAER PRODUCTION
 CLEANER PRODUCTION PRACTICES
 BARRIERS TO CLEANER PRODUCTION
 BENEFITS
 CONCLUSION

5.  According to UNEP (1996) Cleaner
Production is “The continuous application of
an integrated preventative environmental
strategy applied to processes, products, and
services to increase overall efficiency and
reduce risks to humans and the
environment.”
 Production processes: conserving raw
materials and energy, eliminating toxic raw
materials, and reducing the quantity and
toxicity of all emissions and wastes.
 Products: reducing negative impacts along
the life cycle of a product, from raw materials
extraction to ultimate disposal.
 Services: incorporating environmental
concerns into designing and delivering
services.

6.  Cleaner Production is one of the key ways to
ensure sustainable development—there is or
should be a close link between Cleaner
Production and sustainable development.
 Cleaner Production aims to increase
production and corporate productivity
through the more efficient use of raw
materials, water and energy in order to
reduce wastes and emissions of any kind at
source rather than simply to deal with them
afterwards, and to contribute to improved
product designs for products which will be
more environment-friendly and cost- effective
over the whole of their life-cycles.
 Cleaner Production of cleaner products and
sustainable production and consumption are
key elements of sustainable societies

7. Four basic guiding principles are implied in
the conception of cleaner production
 a) The precaution & preventative principle.
 Precaution is not simply a matter of
avoiding breaking the law, it is also about
ensuring that workers are protected from
irreversible ill-health and that the plant is
protected from irreversible damage.
 The preventative principle is to look to
upstream changes in the causal network
of the system of production and
consumption. The preventative nature of
cleaner production calls for the new
approach to reconsider product design,
consumer demand, patterns of material
consumption, and indeed the entire
material basis of economic activity

8. The integration Principle
 Integration involves adopting a holistic view of the production cycle.
 By reducing the need for emission into the environment of such substances, these
measures thereby provide for an integrated protection of all environmental media.
The comprehensive or democratic principle
 The comprehensive or democratic principle involves people, workers and local
residents, in the way where production and consumption are organized.
The continuity principle
 Cleaner production is a no-end process. Its implementation calls for the ever-lasting
efforts of governments, industries and consumers.

11. Planning and Organization Phase.
 In this phase a project team are establish, and
assessment goal are set. At this phase, the
participation and commitment of the owners
and workers were confirmed because they
determine the success of CP implementation.
Preliminary Assessment Phase
 The purpose of the preliminary assessment
phase is to gain an understanding of the
processes at each site, to identify the major
inputs and outputs, and to quantify and then to
compare the wastes.
 This phase is carried out to know basic
information about the enterprise. This phase is
conducted to acquire qualitative review
including a description of the company and
identification of all stages of the production
process.

12. Detailed Assessment Phase
 During the detailed assessment phase CP ideas were generated to
reduce, either directly or indirectly, the quantity and toxicity of the
focus waste streams. More detailed knowledge of the processes that
generate the focus wastes was required.
 it include assessment of various waste and collection of quantitative
data.
Feasibility Assessment Phases
 The identified Cleaner Production options were then subjected to a
feasibility analysis in the feasibility assessment phase. Options that
were deemed feasible may then be implemented and monitored

14. Better Process Control
 Better process Control includes modification in Operational procedures,
Equipment instructions and Process record keeping in order to run the processes
more efficiently and at lower waste and emission generation rates.
Equipment modification
 It Modify the existing production equipment and utilities in order to run the
processes at higher efficiency, lower waste and emission generation rates.
 Design change refers to modifications or changes made to the equipment used
for processes and activities. It may bring about significant results if implemented
properly.

15. Technology change
 Technology change involves replacement of; the technology, Processing
sequence, Synthesis pathway in order to minimize waste and emission
generation during production.
On-site recovery/reuse
 There are many materials that can be reuse or recycle in the industry. It may
be from the process, offices and from any part of the premise. It includes
Reuse of the wasted materials in the same process for another useful
application within the company

17. Production of a useful by-product
Consider transforming waste into a useful by-product, to be sold as input for
companies in different business sectors. It is the process of Modification in the waste
generation process in order to transform the wasted material into a material that can
be reused or recycled for another application within or outside the company.
Product modification
It is achieved by modify the product characteristics in order to Minimize the
environmental impacts of the product during or after its use (disposal) and Minimize
the environmental impacts of its production.

19.  Resistance to change
 Lack of information, expertise and
adequate training
 Lack of communication within enterprises
 Competing business priorities – in
particular, the pressure for short – term
profits
 Perception of risk
 Difficulty in accessing cleaner technology
 Accounting systems which fail to capture
environmental costs and benefits
 Difficulty in accessing external finance
 The failure of existing regulatory
approaches
 Perverse economic incentives

20. To overcome the identified barriers, a
number of policy options to promote
Cleaner Production were researched
through the informal discussions/seminars
and questionnaires with representatives
from enterprises and the departments of
the central as well as local governments.
According to policy functions, the
mechanisms of the policy options were
divided into four categories:
 Regulatory mechanisms;
 Supportive mechanisms;
 Economic incentive mechanisms; and
 Social pressure mechanisms.

21. A polyethylene plant at Altona has made significant progress towards cleaner
production over its 30 year life. The original high pressure plant built in 1961 has
been modernized, resulting in improved productivity and reliability and consequently
in reduced emissions. The UnipolTM low pressure polyethylene process, which has
inherently clean environmental performance, was first introduced in 1972. The
gradual shift in production capacity to this process has enabled significant waste
reduction and improvements in energy use per unit of production. However, the
highlight of the move to cleaner production has been the achievement of zero
discharge of wastewater offsite. This has been achieved by water conservation
combined with a system of wastewater treatment, recycling and land disposal.

22. Waste prevention assessments aim at the systematic identification, evaluation
and implementation of waste prevention opportunities. Furthermore, an
assessment should initiate an ongoing waste prevention programmed
catalyzing the corporate effort in achieving environmental improvements in its
operations. To achieve success, the assessment procedure should be tailored
to company characteristics, especially in small and medium-sized enterprises.
This paper describes how we conducted a waste prevention assessment at a
foundry. This case study is used to elaborate on the success factors that
should be borne in mind if one wishes to initiate a system of continuous
environmental improvement. These are: achieving visible waste prevention
benefits; organizing a capable and motivated project team; generating new
insights; and introducing a preventive environmental care system.

23. To meet the demands of the Danish Environmental Authorities, the Association
of Fish Meal and Fish Oil Manufacturers of Denmark had a detailed research
assignment carried out, with the aim of determining the best available
technology for reducing the pollution. The research and development work
concluded that there is a linear relation between the fish quality and the
wastewater content of nitrogen compounds and organic matter. The conclusion
of the work is that pollution can be minimized by using a combination of cleaner
technology and wastewater treatment. Improvement of the fish quality and
optimum production methods are expected to provide reductions of 30 and 10–
20%, respectively of the discharge of nitrogen. A total reduction of 80% is
obtained by biological removal of nitrogen in a Bio-Denitro treatment plant.

24. The mission of the Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory is to advance the
understanding, development and application of engineering solutions for the
prevention or reduction of risks from environmental contamination. This
mission is accomplished through basic and applied research studies,
engineering technology evaluations, new process developments and
demonstration studies. This paper provides an overview of the ongoing
pollution prevention research that supports this mission.

25. The promotion of cleaner production has to take possible green
consumption patterns into account. The synergetic relations between green
products, their production and related consumption patterns are examined in
this paper so as to set out a course of action for a better and sustainable
environment. The first part of this paper looks into the green consumption-
production relations, followed by an analytical account of the way in which
green consumption is being promoted. The standardization of green
products and the related production processes that went along with the
differentiated consumption patterns are discussed. This paper ends with an
argument that green consumption must be correlated with green production.

26. Thank you.