The document discusses cleaner production, providing definitions and key concepts. It outlines the 6-step methodology for applying cleaner production, including establishing management commitment, analyzing processes, generating cleaner production options, selecting options through feasibility studies, implementing options, and maintaining continuous improvement. It also provides an example of applying cleaner production to a painting process, identifying waste sources, analyzing causes, and implementing options to reduce material use.

1. Saltillo Institute of
Technology
Name of the matter:
Sustainable development
Student´sname:
Ivone Gabriela Medina Flores
Name of the homework:
Cleaner Production
Number and name of the unit:
Unit 4. Modified Scenarios
Professor:
Carlos Loyola
Teaching Assistant:
Imelda Cárdenas

2. In the present work the concept of cleaner production is exposed, along
with all its basic concepts and the principles involved in carrying it out, in
addition the methodology of application of said production is made known
and is carried out by means of an example.
The concept of cleaner production has been introduced by the United
Nations Environment Program in the year 1989, since then it has had great
resonance throughout the world and this is the reason why companies have
seen a greater performance and the economic benefit obtained by
avoiding or minimizing the environmental impact.
Introduction.

3. Cleaner production: general concept
The cleanest production, also known as the P.M.L. it is defined as
that environmental preventive strategy which is applied to
processes, products and services, with the priority of reducing the
risks of harm to the population and the environment, thus increasing
eco-efficiency.
The P.M.L. It should not be considered only as an environmental
strategy because it also refers to economic considerations, that is to
say that all actions to reduce the consumption of raw materials,
energy, and waste reduction increase productivity obtaining
financial benefits for companies.

4. Cleaner production: definition.
In illustration 1 you can see
In a more structured way, the definition
of cleaner production, as well as
areas in which it is applied and the advantages
that are obtained when applying them

5. Key concepts of cleaner production.
Pollution
It is the change that harms the set of
physical, chemical and biological
characteristics of the air, the earth
and the water, having as a
consequence the harmful affection of
human life
Contamination prevention.
This concept is based on a set of strategies,
which are:
 Inventory management
 Reengineering of processes
 Practices of efficient use of energy
 Practices of efficient use of water
 Recycling and reuse of by-products and
waste

6. Key concepts of cleaner production.
Energy efficiency
When talking about energy efficiency,
it refers to savings in energy
consumption, which translates into
cost savings and a reduction in
greenhouse gas emissions.
Better known as the three Rs, being
the basic concepts of ecology that will
help the conservation of the
environment.
Recycling, Reuse and Recovery

7. Key concepts of cleaner production
Reduce
 It makes reference to the
reduction of the consumption of
raw materials, that is to say to use
the products in a conscientious way
since we know that for the
production of said product natural
raw materials are required.
Re-use
 It means that different consumable
products must be used in different
ways. That is, everything that can
be used again should not be ruled
out
Recycle
 This concept must be used when
you can not reduce the
consumption of any product and
can not be reused, you can recycle
using waste as raw material.

8. Principles of cleaner production.
The principle of precaution.
The precaution goes more to avoid
legal conflicts, that is, it serves to
make sure that your workers are
protected against all those
irreversible health problems and that
the plant itself is protected from
these damages

9. Principles of cleaner production.
The preventive principle.
Prevention is of the utmost
importance, especially in those
cases when the damage that a
process or product can cause is
known, this principle indicates the
advance search for changes in the
chain of production and
consumption

10. Integration principle.
It implies the holistic vision in a
production cycle together with a
method to introduce this idea in
the analysis of the life cycle.

11. Methodology of application of cleaner
production.
The cleanest production serves as a tool to systematically
investigate the production process of an industry, in this way
you can identify opportunities that improve processes,
products and services.
Within the industry, the concept of cleaner production can
be made operational by following the six steps shown below,
using illustration 2, which shows the hierarchy in the
application of cleaner production.

12. Methodology of application of cleaner
production.
So with the above we know that the cleanest production is a continuous process
and when it concludes step six it must continue with greater goals and / or
focused on other areas.
Next in illustration 3 you can see the six steps to implement cleaner production.

13. Methodology of application of cleaner
production.
Stage 1. Management commitment.
The application of a cleaner production program demands a management that is
involved in direct supervision of the improvements.
 Work team. Involves the active participation of supervisors and operators
from the beginning of the program.
 Basic information. It is a practical requirement to have information about the
company and the process, as well as the types of products and their
production volumes, it is also essential to know the amount of water, energy
and raw materials consumed, as well as waste generated in the different
areas of production taking into account the cost that everything exposed
usually generates

14. Methodology of application of cleaner
production.
Stage 2. Analysis of process stages.
Once the team that will carry out the cleaner production program is formed, they proceed to initiate it
through the complete review of the company, listing the processes and unit operations, as well as reflecting
in a process diagram the main inputs and outputs .
 Identify waste at the source. Based on the diagram, the waste from the different operations is
identified.
 Choice of approach with greater economic benefit. The company chooses the approach that allows
greater economic benefits.
 Material balance. Realization of balance of materials, water, and energy.
 Water balance Once the operations that consume too much liquid have been identified, it is necessary to
identify the equipment and containers that allow a greater reduction.
 Energy balance. The deficiency in the operation of the equipment and the opportunities for
improvement are identified.
 Quantification of losses. The balance of materials, energy and water provides relevant information
regarding the costs that are generated according to the types of waste.
 Analysis of the causes. For each relevant waste it is necessary to carry out an analysis of the causes that
generate them.

15. Methodology of application of cleaner
production.
Stage 3. Generation of options in cleaner production.
It consists of drawing up a list of all those improvements that can be applied to
all the causes that generate the waste, this is carried out through a brainstorm,
in this way a better analysis of causes is made and opens the door to the
development of successful improvement options.
 Classification of options. Once the options have been identified, they are
classified as a variability study
Classification of options Description
Options that can be implemented low cost or no cost options such as staff training or leak
repairs
Options that require study the options that need an additional study come to be
evaluated in the next stage
Options to refuse the options that are not feasible

16. Methodology of application of cleaner
production.
Stage 4. Selection of options through a feasibility study.
 In this phase for the most complicated options a study of variability according
to the company's capacity is required, it is to carry out a technical and
financial evaluation in order to select the best options
Stage 5. Implementation of cleaner production options.
 In this phase, the low and null cost phases are implemented in the program
almost immediately, as the rest of the options must be implemented
according to an action plan approved by management.
 Monitoring and evaluation of results. For the program to be sustainable, it
requires a certain daily management, that is to say, to maintain its monitoring
every day

17. Methodology of application of cleaner
production.
Stage 6. Maintain cleaner production: continuous improvement.
After having completed the application of the options, it is essential that the
team continues to be driven through continuous improvement with this
approach. Then establishing an environmental management system is crucial to
ensure that cleaner production remains active.
Design new goals for cleaner production.
This refers to once the cycle of the six steps is completed, we must proceed to
launch new reduction and savings goals, ensuring continuous improvement.

18. Cleaner production and continuous
improvement.
Its application contributes positively to
continuous improvement since it obeys
a systematic and dynamic process,
thus achieving its continuous
application and an environmental
benefit. Figure 4 shows the cycle of
efficient use of P.M.L and its
continuous improvement

19. Examples of cleaner production.
Cleaner production in a painting process.
Analysis of process stages:
Within the production process there are many places like loss of materials and energy.
These places are also weak points from the ecological and economic point of view.
An analysis of the flow of materials indicates the places and the amount of losses.
Waste is identified at the source.
In this case, the analysis focuses on a painting process such as in a car repair shop,
where paints and solvents are used to obtain a painted surface as a product. In a
conventional process 10 kg of input material is used to apply 1 kg of dry paint on the
surface

20. Example: Cleaner production in a painting
process.
Analysis of causes.
From the previous process, 9 kg were lost due to:
Cleaning of spray guns
Paint waste
Solvents in the air
Particles in the air
Sludges of paints.
Due to the analysis carried out, the use of better technologies and better
management practices is chosen.

21. Example: Cleaner production in a painting
process.
Generation of options in cleaner production.
The same processes can be achieved with the use of only 2.2 kg of input material
if some measurements are taken:
Closed cleaning unit for spray guns
Use of HVLP spray guns
Use of paints with low solvent content
Training for painters
Improve work preparation

22. Example: Cleaner production in a
painting process.
Implementation of cleaner production options.
The reduction of emissions can be reflected through a diagram and an economic
analysis can be carried out.
These options should be implemented according to the expenses they occupy,
such as training that has no cost, is the first option to implement
As for the rest of the options that reflect the savings of expensive paints and
solvents as well as the reduction of waste disposal costs, they must justify the
necessary investment.

23. Conclusion
Cleaner production is the best option that can exist so far since eliminating or
mitigating pollution once it has occurred is not enough.
The design of this implementation is fundamental in the daily struggle against
pollution as it improves the environmental and economic management of
companies.
I think that this strategy should be mandatory in all industries because thanks to
it we can make the industrial process more friendly to the environment.
It is crucial that the students of industrial engineering can conserve this strategy
as a legacy since it will be of deep environmental necessity to carry it out in the
practice of engineering because only in this way can a little more environmental
care be promoted.

24. Recommendations.
If you are a student of some engineering it is important that you recognize the
strategy of cleaner production as a fundamental tool of today, since it is a
fundamental piece to make a process more important and significant.
Contributing to the care of the environment is a mandatory daily task, do not let
doubt and disinformation stop you to be able to fulfill this task.

25. Bibliographic references.
 prezi.com. (2019). METODOLOGIA DE APLICACION DE PRODUCCION MAS
LIMPIA. [online] Available at: https://prezi.com/xzeuf0_vuzsl/metodologia-
de-aplicacion-de-produccion-mas-limpia/ [Accessed 21 Mar. 2019].
 Unido.org. (2019). [online] Available at:
https://www.unido.org/sites/default/files/2008-06/1-Examples_0.pdf
[Accessed 21 Mar. 2019].
 Cuba. Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología y Medio Ambiente (1999). Estrategia
Ambiental Nacional. Reimpresión. Ciudad de La Habana. 54p.
 -Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Medio Ambiente. Declaración
Internacional sobre Producción Más Limpia (1998).