This document discusses classification of standards and traceability. It explains that national standards must be traceable to a single source and linked to international standards to maintain accuracy across countries. Standards are classified into a hierarchy with national laboratories establishing standards that are then traced through standardizing laboratories and industries. Traceability ensures that measurements can be validated and variations identified by justifying measurements to different standards in the classification system. Traceability is important for validating sensor accuracy and providing assurance of results to customers.

1. GEC, PATAN
NAME : DATANIYA ARUNKUMAR MANUBHAI
ENROLLMENT NO. : 190220119012
DEPARTMENT : MECHANICAL
SEMESTER : 4TH
TOPIC : CLASSIFICATION OF STANDARDS AND
TRACEABILITY
FACULTY NAME : PROF. S .S .P SIR

2. CLASSIFICATION OF STANDARDS AND
TRACEABILITY
• In order to maintain accuracy and interchangeability in the items
manufactured by various industries in the country , it is essential that
the standards of units and measurements followed by them must be
traceable to a single source, the national standards of the country.
• Further, the national standards must also be linked with
international standard to maintain accuracy and interchangeability
in the items manufactured by the various countries.
• The national laboratories of well - developed countries maintain
close tolerance with the international bureau of weights and
measures, there is an assurance that the items manufactured to
identical dimensions in different countries will be compatible.

3. CLASSIFICATION OF STANDARDS AND
TRACEABILITY
• Application of precise measurement has increased to such an extent that it
is not practicable for a single national laboratory to perform directly all the
calibrations and standardizations required by a large country.
• It has, therefore, become necessary that the process of traceability technique
needs to be followed in stages, that is. National laboratories, standardizing
laboratories, etc. Need to be established for the country, states, and industries
but all must be traceable to a single source as shown in fig below.
• Clearly, there is a degradation of accuracy in passing from the defining
standards to the standard in use. The accuracy of a particular standard
depends on a combination of the number of times it has been compared with a
standard of a higher order, the recentness of such comparisons, the care with
which it was done, and the stability of the particular standard itself.

8. TRACEABILITY / TRACKABILITY
• Traceability is the capability to trace something. In some cases, it is interpreted
as the ability to verify the history, location , or application of an item by means
of documented recorded identification.
• For example :
1. It department
2. Digital manufacturing( ai , ml , 3d scanning macine )
3. Education level ( gate examination )
Enter object
(shape,size,weight
)
Different object
Recived message by
computer

9. • Traceability is the ability to trace something. It is applicable in different
fields , including software development and healthcare . across industries
, traceability is used to comply with regulations and minimize risk.
• More accuracy , more traceability
• Traceability is able to justify to variation in which problems have
created.
• Why is measurement traceability important ?
• Simply put, calibration to a traceable standard validates a sensors
accuracy and any associated uncertainties. Measurement traceability is
important for providing assurance of the sensors accuracy to both a
customer and manufacturer for a given process. Establishing that a
sensors accuracy is traceable to a higher standard gives credibility for
manufacturers, validating the accuracy of their results to their
customers. Traceability ensures that a manufactured part or calibration

10. THANK YOU