This document provides an overview of psychiatric classification and diagnosis. It discusses the aims of classification, including facilitating communication between clinicians and standardizing diagnoses. The two main classification systems, ICD-10 and DSM-5, are described. ICD-10 was developed by the WHO and is used globally, while DSM-5 was developed by the APA and is used primarily in the US. The document outlines the history of psychiatric classification and compares features of ICD-10 and DSM-5.
This power point presentation provides basic concepts in motivation and emotions. It provides definitions of each concept which is then followed by basic theories that try explain each concept.This power point presentation provides basic concepts in motivation and emotions. It provides definitions of each concept which is then This power point presentation provides basic concepts in motivation and emotions. It provides definitions of each concept which is then followed by basic theories that try explain each concept.This power point presentation provides basic concepts in motivation and emotions. It provides definitions of each concept which is then followed by basic theories that try explain each concept.This power point presentation provides basic concepts in motivation and emotions. It provides definitions of each concept which is then followed by basic theories that try explain each concept.This power point presentation provides basic concepts in motivation and emotions. It provides definitions of each concept which is then followed by basic theories that try explain each concept.This power point presentation provides basic concepts in motivation and emotions. It provides definitions of each concept which is then followed by basic theories that try explain each concept.This power point presentation provides basic concepts in motivation and emotions. It provides definitions of each concept which is then followed by basic theories that try explain each concept.This power point presentation provides basic concepts in motivation and emotions. It provides definitions of each concept which is then followed by basic theories that try explain each concept.This power point presentation provides basic concepts in motivation and emotions. It provides definitions of each concept which is then followed by basic theories that try explain each concept.This power point presentation provides basic concepts in motivation and emotions. It provides definitions of each concept which is then followed by basic theories that try explain each concept.This power point presentation provides basic concepts in motivation and emotions. It provides definitions of each concept which is then followed by basic theories that try explain each concept.This power point presentation provides basic concepts in motivation and emotions. It provides definitions of each concept which is then followed by basic theories that try explain each concept.This power point presentation provides basic concepts in motivation and emotions. It provides definitions of each concept which is then followed by basic theories that try explain each concept.This power point presentation provides basic concepts in motivation and emotions. It provides definitions of each concept which is then followed by basic theories that try explain each concept.followed by basic theories that try explain each concept.This power point presentation provides basic concepts in motivation and emotions. It provides definitions
Classificatory systems - Advantages & DisadvantagesHemangi Narvekar
Classification of Diseases/Disorders are important to improve treatment and prevention efforts. Two important classification system used in the field of Mental Disorders are DSM -V and ICD -10. Here we will discuss Strengths and Weaknesses of both.
This power point presentation provides basic concepts in motivation and emotions. It provides definitions of each concept which is then followed by basic theories that try explain each concept.This power point presentation provides basic concepts in motivation and emotions. It provides definitions of each concept which is then This power point presentation provides basic concepts in motivation and emotions. It provides definitions of each concept which is then followed by basic theories that try explain each concept.This power point presentation provides basic concepts in motivation and emotions. It provides definitions of each concept which is then followed by basic theories that try explain each concept.This power point presentation provides basic concepts in motivation and emotions. It provides definitions of each concept which is then followed by basic theories that try explain each concept.This power point presentation provides basic concepts in motivation and emotions. It provides definitions of each concept which is then followed by basic theories that try explain each concept.This power point presentation provides basic concepts in motivation and emotions. It provides definitions of each concept which is then followed by basic theories that try explain each concept.This power point presentation provides basic concepts in motivation and emotions. It provides definitions of each concept which is then followed by basic theories that try explain each concept.This power point presentation provides basic concepts in motivation and emotions. It provides definitions of each concept which is then followed by basic theories that try explain each concept.This power point presentation provides basic concepts in motivation and emotions. It provides definitions of each concept which is then followed by basic theories that try explain each concept.This power point presentation provides basic concepts in motivation and emotions. It provides definitions of each concept which is then followed by basic theories that try explain each concept.This power point presentation provides basic concepts in motivation and emotions. It provides definitions of each concept which is then followed by basic theories that try explain each concept.This power point presentation provides basic concepts in motivation and emotions. It provides definitions of each concept which is then followed by basic theories that try explain each concept.This power point presentation provides basic concepts in motivation and emotions. It provides definitions of each concept which is then followed by basic theories that try explain each concept.This power point presentation provides basic concepts in motivation and emotions. It provides definitions of each concept which is then followed by basic theories that try explain each concept.followed by basic theories that try explain each concept.This power point presentation provides basic concepts in motivation and emotions. It provides definitions
Classificatory systems - Advantages & DisadvantagesHemangi Narvekar
Classification of Diseases/Disorders are important to improve treatment and prevention efforts. Two important classification system used in the field of Mental Disorders are DSM -V and ICD -10. Here we will discuss Strengths and Weaknesses of both.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
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NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
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1. Classification and Diagnosis in
Psychiatry
Diagnostic criteria – ICD 10, DSM 5
Dr Dalal Naeem
Contact Email: naeemmidalal@gmail.com
2. Outline • Aim of this lecture
• Learning objectives
• Background
• Definition of the term-Classification
• Units of Classification
• The fundamental purpose of diagnosis and classification
• Other purposes of diagnosis and classification
• History of classification in psychiatry
• The two most important current psychiatric classifications
• International Classification of Diseases ( ICD )
• Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM)
3. Aim of Lecture
• To familiarise with the international diagnostic criteria:
DSM-5 and ICD-10
4. Learning Objectives
• Understand the principles and reasoning behind classification in medicine
and psychiatry.
• Be able to state the importance of classifying mental disorder
• Be able to describe the recent history of psychiatric classification.
• Be able to compare DSM and ICD classifications of mental disorder
5. What is psychiatry?
• Brain Health
• Function of the mind
• An understanding of functional neuroanatomy is very important to a
practicing health care worker because psychiatric conditions generally
result from a disturbance in the functional and structural anatomy of
the nervous system.
• When a patient presents with a psychiatric condition, the clinician
should have an idea of the part of the brain affected.
6. Bio - Psycho - Social
The bio-psycho-social model of health and illness is a framework developed by George L. Engel that states that
interactions between biological, psychological, and social factors determine the cause, manifestation, and outcome of
wellness and disease.
BIO
Gender, physical illness,
disability, genetics, Immune function,
stress reactivity, neurochemistry…
Illness
PSYCHO
Learning memory, attitude, beliefs,
personality, coping skills, past trauma,
emotions, behavior….
SOCIAL
Social support, family background,
socioeconomic status, culture, traditions,
religious norms, education.
Illness
Social
Psychology
Biology
Naeem Dalal, MD
Naeem Dalal, MD
7. Biopsychosocial model of illness.
A holistic approach to addressing health involves a treatment model known as the biopsychosocial
(BPS) approach of management. The BSP uses a person centered view of illness, rather than
simply a disease centered one [3]
Health is more than the lack of sicknesses. World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as: “A
state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or
disability.”
• Recurrent chronic stress or traumatic stress is a risk to developing mental illness.
• For example, COVID 19 pandemic = Stress
• Acute and chronic stress directly affects brain health
• Disrupts neuroplasticity which may predispose to mental health illness.
BIO
Gender, physical illness,
disability, genetics, Immune function,
stress reactivity, neurochemistry…
Illness
PSYCHO
Learning memory, attitude, beliefs,
personality, coping skills, past trauma,
emotions, behavior….
SOCIAL
Social support, family background,
socioeconomic status, culture, traditions,
religious norms, education.
Naeem Dalal, MD
8. Background
• Most physical conditions are classified on the basis of aetiology,e.g Viral
Pneumonia, Bacterial Pneumonia, Viral Hepatitis.
OR
• On the basis of Structural Pathology,e.g.Bronchopneumonia
OR
• Based on Symptoms,e.g. Migraine Headache, Tension Headache, Cluster
Headache
• Psychiatric disorders are diagnosed based mainly on symptoms.
Few are based on aetiology e.g. Alzheimer’s disease and Down syndrome
9. Classification
“Activity of ordering or arrangement of objects
into groups or sets on the basis of their
relationships.”
Sokal R.R.(1974) Science, 185:115-123
10. Classification
“Procedure for constructing groups or categories and for
assigning entities (disorders or persons) to these
categories on the basis of their shared attributes or
relations”
Millon T.( ) y , 1991) J. Abnorm.Psychol., 100:245-261
11. Units of Classifications
Disorders?
• In medicine, a disorder is a functional abnormality or disturbance.
• Medical disorders can be categorized into mental disorders, physical
disorders, genetic disorders, metabolic disorders, emotional and
behavioural disorders, and functional disorders.
• In mental health, the term mental disorder is used as a way of
acknowledging the complex interaction of biological, social, and
psychological factors in psychiatric conditions.
12. Disease?
• The term disease broadly refers to any condition that impairs the normal
functioning of the body.
• Commonly, the term disease is used to refer specifically to infectious
diseases, which are clinically evident diseases that result from the
presence of pathogenic microbial agents, including viruses, bacteria,
fungi, protozoa, multicellular organisms, and aberrant proteins known as
prions.
• Non-infectious diseases are all other diseases, including most forms of
cancer, heart disease, and genetic disease.
• Normally four main types of diseases are considered: pathogenic
diseases, deficiency diseases, hereditary diseases, and physiological
diseases.
13. Syndrome?
• A syndrome is the association of several medical signs, symptoms,
and or other characteristics that often occur together.
• Some syndromes, such as Down syndrome, have only one cause;
others, such as Parkinsonian syndrome, have multiple possible
causes. In other cases, the cause of the syndrome is unknown.
14. In Psychiatry
• Most of the disorders or diseases diagnosed are syndromes
Syndroma
• Collections of symptoms that tend to appear together and that seem
to have a characteristic course and outcome
15. The fundamental purpose of diagnosis and classification
• Help to simplify our thinking and reduce the complexity of clinical phenomena to
a generally/internationally accepted diagnosis.
• Facilitate communication between clinicians (concisely summarizes information
for all other clinicians)and other allied professionals
• Distinguish one psychiatric diagnosis from another, so that clinicians can offer the
most appropriate and effective treatment
• Helps make generalizations in treatment response, course and prognosis of
individual patients.
• Help to predict the outcome of the disorder
• Creates a framework for research in psychiatry which then assists in the search
for pathophysiology and aetiology
16. Other purposes of diagnosis and classification
Diagnoses are used:
• To monitor treatment
• To make decisions about insurance coverage
• By attorneys in malpractice suits and in litigation
• By health care epidemiologists to determine the incidence and
prevalence of various diseases throughout the world.
17. History of classification in psychiatry
• The various classification systems used in psychiatry date back to Hippocrates, who
introduced the terms mania and hysteria as forms of mental illness in the fifth century
BC.
• Since then, each era has introduced its own psychiatric classification.
• The first US classification was introduced in 1869 at the annual meeting of the American
Medico-Psychological Association, which later became the American Psychiatric
Association.
• In 1952, the American Psychiatric Association’s Committee on Nomenclature and
Statistics published the first edition of DSM (DSM-I). Six editions have been published
since then with the latest being DSM-5 in 2013
• DSM-II (1968); DSM-III (1980); a revised DSM-III, DSM-III-R (1987); DSM-IV (1994);DSM-
IV-TR (TR stands for Text Revision) (2000); and DSM-5 published in 2013
18. The two most important current psychiatric classifications
• DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric
Association, Fifth Edition, 2013)
• ICD-10 (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health
Problems, Tenth Edition, 1992)
• All categories used in DSM-5 are found in ICD-10,but not all ICD-10 categories
are in DSM-5.
19. International Classification of Diseases ( ICD )
• Developed by the World Health Organization
• Used in Europe, Africa and Asia and South America
• Comprehensive classification of all “diseases and related health
problems”
• Basis of obligatory report to WHO on morbidity data
20. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th
Revision (ICD-10)-WHO Version for ;2016
• This is a shortened version of the fifth chapter of the ICD-10: Mental and behavioural disorders. It covers
ICD codes F00 to F99.
• The chapter contains the International Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders. All versions of
the ICD-10, including the most recent one (2016), can be browsed freely on the website of the World
Health Organisation(WHO).
• It can also be downloaded in PDF format ( https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/246208)
21. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM)
• Developed by the American Psychiatric Association
• Is the official psychiatric coding system used in the United States and
for research purposes worldwide
22. DSM-5 CLASSIFICATION
• The DSM-5 lists 22 major categories of mental disorders, comprising more
than 150 discrete illnesses.
• Each disorder listed in DSM-5 is described in detail under the following
headings:
Epidemiology
Aetiology
Diagnosis
Differential diagnoses
Clinical features
treatment of the disorder
23. The Organization of DSM-5
• Neurodevelopmental Disorders
• Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic
Disorders
• Bipolar and Related Disorders
• Depressive Disorders
• Anxiety Disorders
• Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
• Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders
• Dissociative Disorders
• Somatic Symptom Disorders
• Feeding and Eating Disorders
• Elimination Disorders
• Sleep-Wake Disorders
• Sexual Dysfunctions
• Gender Dysphoria
• Disruptive, Impulse Control and
Conduct Disorders
• Substance Use and Addictive Disorders
• Neurocognitive Disorders
• Personality Disorders
• Paraphilic Disorders
• Other Disorders
www.psychiatry.org
24. Diagnostic criteria
• A list of features that must be present for the diagnosis to be made
• Such criteria increase the reliability of the process of diagnosis.
25. Differences between ICD and DSM
ICD
• Official world classification
• Intended for use by all health
practitioners
• Special attention given to primary care
and low- and middle-income countries.
• Major focus on clinical utility (planned
for ICD-11) with reduction of number of
diagnoses
• Provides diagnostic descriptions and
guidance but does not employ
operational criteria
DSM
• US classification (but used in many
other countries)
• Used primarily by psychiatrists
• Focused mainly on secondary
psychiatric care in high-income
countries
• Tends to increase the number of
diagnoses with each succeeding
revision
• Diagnostic system depends on
operational criteria using a polythetic
system for most conditions (i.e.
combination of criteria that need not all
be the same)
26. References:
• Acknowledgement: Dr Brain Maila slides curtsey of Mrs J Ncheka
• A comparison of DSM and ICD classifications of mental disorder: https://www.Cambridge.Org/core/journals/advances-in-psychiatric-
treatment/article/comparison-of-dsm-and-icd-classifications-of-mental-disorder/625C40990677716E8C92AF0A6374F896
• ICD VS DSM - KEY DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES: https://www.Flatworldsolutions.Com/healthcare/articles/icd-vs-dsm-key-
differences-and-similarities.Php
• https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-a-crisis-2795061 Kendra Cherry
• https://www.dshs.wa.gov/book/export/html/490
• Psychological First Aid PFA Guide for Field Workers (WHO, WTF and WVI, 2011), in multiple languages https://bit.ly/2VeJUX7
• Doing What Matters in Times of Stress: An Illustrated Guide (WHO) https://bit.ly/3aJSdib
• Community-Based Psychological First Aid, A Practical Guide to Helping Individuals and Communities During Difficult Times by Gerard
A
Jacobs https://amzn.to/2MwHOwD
• The Johns Hopkins Guide to Psychological First Aid 1st Edition by George S. Everly Jr, Jeffrey M. Lating. https://amzn.to/3eSAK9J
• Psychological Basis of Psychiatry by M.S. Thambirajah, https://amzn.to/2XyA97j
• https://twitter.com/VectorSting
• Emily A Holmes et el, 15th April, 2020, Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental
health science , April 15, 2020 S2215-0366(20)30168-1 Lancet Psychiatry 2020
• https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-health-in-emergencies
Editor's Notes
13.3 7.5 1
Thambiraja, M. S. (2005). Psychological basis of psychiatry, 1st edition, Churchill livingstone