Classification of colorants
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This document discusses different types of colouring materials used for dyeing textiles, including dyes, pigments, and lakes. It describes the key components of dye structures - the chromophore, chromogen, and auxochrome. Dyes can be classified in several ways, including by their source (natural vs synthetic), chemical structure, field of application, ionic nature, and solubility in water. The document provides examples of common chromophores, chromogens, auxochromes, and dye classifications.
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Dyes and pigments
Dyes are colored organic compounds that are used to impart color to various substrates, including paper, leather, fur, hair, drugs, cosmetics, waxes, greases, plastics and textile materials.
whereas pigments are organic and inorganic materials which are practically insoluble in medium in which they are incorporated.
pigments and their characterstics
This document provides information about pigments, including:
- Pigments are insoluble coloring substances that are used to color materials without chemically bonding to them.
- Organic pigments include azo, polycyclic, and phthalocyanine pigments. Inorganic pigments include titanium dioxide, iron oxides, cadmium and chromium pigments.
- Pigments are used to color fabrics, leather, paper, plastics, paints and other materials. They provide properties like color strength, light fastness and weather resistance.
Dyes and its Classification
This document discusses the classification of dyes. It begins by explaining Witt's theory of color, which states that dyes contain chromophores that produce color and auxochromes that intensify color. The document then discusses various dye classifications including by color theory, chemical structure, and application method. The main chemical structures of dyes discussed are azo dyes, which are the most important class, and anthraquinone dyes. Dye application methods covered are direct dyes, mordant dyes, vat dyes, and disperse dyes. Examples are provided for many different dye types and classes.
Dyes and their classification
Dyes and their classification
Types of synthetic dyes, colour and constitution relationship, chromophore and auxochrome theory
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This document provides information about various types of dyes used in the textile industry, including their properties and dyeing processes. It discusses natural dyes extracted from plants as well as synthetic dyes like direct dyes, vat dyes, disperse dyes, and reactive dyes. For each dye type, the document outlines their key properties, how they interact with different fibers, and their advantages and limitations. It also mentions sustainability considerations like limiting chemical usage and following eco-label standards.
presentation on dye
Amir Hamza is a student at Daffodil International University with ID 132-23-193 in the Department of Textile Engineering (TE). The document defines and describes different types of dyes including natural dyes, synthetic dyes, and various classes of synthetic dyes such as acid dyes, basic dyes, direct or substantive dyes, mordant dyes, vat dyes, reactive dyes, disperse dyes, azoic dyes, and sulfur dyes. It also discusses dye classification, color fastness, the basis of color, molecular energy levels, and food dyes.
Dyes and pigment
Color is the sensation resulting from light waves of different wavelengths activating the retina of the eye. Longer wavelengths such as red have lower frequencies while shorter wavelengths like blue have higher frequencies. There are three aspects to color: hue (name), value (amount of black or white), and intensity (purity). Dyes are soluble colored organic compounds that can be applied to substrates to impart color, while pigments are insoluble colored particles that remain physically and chemically unaffected by the substrate. The key differences between dyes and pigments are their solubility, size, bonding method, longevity, and combustibility.
Dyes for fibers
This document discusses different types of dyes. It begins with an introduction to dyes, noting that they are colored substances that bond to substrates and are often water-soluble. It then covers the main types of dyes including reactive dyes, which form covalent bonds; disperse dyes, which are used for synthetic fibers; azo dyes containing the R-N=N-R' group; sulfur dyes for cotton; and vat dyes which are insoluble but become soluble during the dyeing process. The document provides details on the characteristics and applications of each dye type.
Recommended
Dyes and pigments
Dyes are colored organic compounds that are used to impart color to various substrates, including paper, leather, fur, hair, drugs, cosmetics, waxes, greases, plastics and textile materials.
whereas pigments are organic and inorganic materials which are practically insoluble in medium in which they are incorporated.
pigments and their characterstics
This document provides information about pigments, including:
- Pigments are insoluble coloring substances that are used to color materials without chemically bonding to them.
- Organic pigments include azo, polycyclic, and phthalocyanine pigments. Inorganic pigments include titanium dioxide, iron oxides, cadmium and chromium pigments.
- Pigments are used to color fabrics, leather, paper, plastics, paints and other materials. They provide properties like color strength, light fastness and weather resistance.
Dyes and its Classification
This document discusses the classification of dyes. It begins by explaining Witt's theory of color, which states that dyes contain chromophores that produce color and auxochromes that intensify color. The document then discusses various dye classifications including by color theory, chemical structure, and application method. The main chemical structures of dyes discussed are azo dyes, which are the most important class, and anthraquinone dyes. Dye application methods covered are direct dyes, mordant dyes, vat dyes, and disperse dyes. Examples are provided for many different dye types and classes.
Dyes and their classification
Dyes and their classification
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This document provides information about various types of dyes used in the textile industry, including their properties and dyeing processes. It discusses natural dyes extracted from plants as well as synthetic dyes like direct dyes, vat dyes, disperse dyes, and reactive dyes. For each dye type, the document outlines their key properties, how they interact with different fibers, and their advantages and limitations. It also mentions sustainability considerations like limiting chemical usage and following eco-label standards.
presentation on dye
Amir Hamza is a student at Daffodil International University with ID 132-23-193 in the Department of Textile Engineering (TE). The document defines and describes different types of dyes including natural dyes, synthetic dyes, and various classes of synthetic dyes such as acid dyes, basic dyes, direct or substantive dyes, mordant dyes, vat dyes, reactive dyes, disperse dyes, azoic dyes, and sulfur dyes. It also discusses dye classification, color fastness, the basis of color, molecular energy levels, and food dyes.
Dyes and pigment
Color is the sensation resulting from light waves of different wavelengths activating the retina of the eye. Longer wavelengths such as red have lower frequencies while shorter wavelengths like blue have higher frequencies. There are three aspects to color: hue (name), value (amount of black or white), and intensity (purity). Dyes are soluble colored organic compounds that can be applied to substrates to impart color, while pigments are insoluble colored particles that remain physically and chemically unaffected by the substrate. The key differences between dyes and pigments are their solubility, size, bonding method, longevity, and combustibility.
Dyes for fibers
This document discusses different types of dyes. It begins with an introduction to dyes, noting that they are colored substances that bond to substrates and are often water-soluble. It then covers the main types of dyes including reactive dyes, which form covalent bonds; disperse dyes, which are used for synthetic fibers; azo dyes containing the R-N=N-R' group; sulfur dyes for cotton; and vat dyes which are insoluble but become soluble during the dyeing process. The document provides details on the characteristics and applications of each dye type.
Classification of dyes
This document discusses dyes, their classification, and properties. It defines dyes as colored organic compounds used to impart color. Dyes must be colorfast, soluble, able to bond to fibers, and withstand washing. There are several classification methods, including by source (natural vs synthetic), chromophore (nitro/nitroso, azo, triarylmethane, anthraquinone, indigo), and application method (direct, vat, mordant, azoic, disperse). Synthetic dyes account for most commercial use due to low cost, brightness, and ease of application. Azo dyes represent over half of dyes and provide a wide range of colors.
Structure of fibre and dye
This presentation discusses the functional groups present in various natural and synthetic fibers as well as different types of dyes. It begins by identifying the functional groups in common natural fibers like cotton, wool, and silk, which contain groups like hydroxyl, carboxylic acid, and amino groups. It then examines the functional groups in several synthetic fibers such as polyester, nylon, acrylic, polyurethane and Kevlar. The presentation also categorizes dyes based on their chemical structure and functional groups like nitro, azo, and anthraquinone groups. Finally, it describes different methods of dye application including reactive, direct, disperse, acid, basic, and vat dyes.
Introduction to dyes
Dyes are colored organic compounds that can impart color to substrates like cloth, paper, plastic or leather. There are several types of dyes classified by their chemistry and application method. Reactive dyes are widely used for cotton dyeing due to their high washfast properties. Disperse dyes are used predominantly on polyester fibers. Direct dyes are water-soluble and used for cotton and cellulose. Vat dyes are applied to cellulosic fibers from a soluble leuco form. Sulfur dyes provide good washfastness for economical cotton dyeing.
Azoicdyes ppt~1
The impregnated material is treated in a bath containing diazonium solution to carry out coupling and thus color is produced inside the fabric.
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The document discusses the latest innovations in dyeing technology for textiles. It describes several major types of dyes used in textile finishing and their classifications. New developments in dyeing machinery aim to improve quality, productivity, and sustainability. Recent innovations include e-control dyeing concepts using minimal chemicals, batch dyeing developments for safe fabric transport, and vibratronic dryers for uniform drying. Novel dyes are also discussed, including dyes bound to fibers by high molecular weight compounds and electrochemical dyeing as an efficient and environmentally friendly process. The document concludes that while dyeing methods have changed little over time, technology continues to drive new innovations in the textile industry.
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Pigments are insoluble colorants that remain on the surface of fibers rather than penetrating inside. They are held in place mechanically by binders which are cured at high temperatures. For commercial use, pigments must have good heat resistance, dispersability, light/weather fastness, and be harmless and affordable. Binders are important as they bond pigment particles to fibers and form a clear film. The rubbing fastness of pigments depends on binder efficiency. Pigment dyeing involves padding dye paste onto fabric, drying, and curing at high heat to set the colors.
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Vat dyes are water-insoluble dyes that can be converted to a water-soluble form through chemical reduction. They were first developed in the 1850s as synthetic dyes and include indigo dye. The vat dyeing process involves three steps - vatting to convert the dye to its soluble leuco form, oxidation to convert it back to insoluble form in the fiber, and after treatment. Vat dyes have high color fastness but more limited shades than other dyes and their application process is complex and time-consuming.
Synthetic dye
Muhammad Ahsan presented on synthetic dyes. He discussed that dyes can be classified based on their source as natural or synthetic dyes. Synthetic dyes, first created by William Henry Perkin in 1856, are now used more widely due to lower costs and greater color fastness. Dyes can also be classified by their chromophore, such as azo dyes containing the -N=N- group, or by application method like acid dyes which are water-soluble anionic dyes. Chromophores allow dyes to absorb visible light and appear colored. Modifiers to dye structures can alter their color by changing electron energies.
Organic pigments
Organic pigments can be categorized as either azo or non-azo pigments. Azo pigments contain the -N=N- group and provide color ranging from bluish red to greenish yellow. Their properties depend on the coupling component used in their synthesis. Non-azo pigments include polycyclic, anthraquinone, dioxazine, and quinacridone pigments. Different pigment classes have varying properties like lightfastness, weatherfastness, and solvent resistance depending on their chemical structure and substituents. Organic pigments are an important class of colored materials made of carbon chains and rings.
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This document discusses different types of azo dyes. Azo dyes contain an azo group (-N=N-) in their chemical structure. They are classified based on the number of azo groups, including mono azo, bis azo, tris azo and tetra azo dyes. Mono azo dyes contain one azo group and are further divided into classes like solvent, pigment, mordant, basic, disperse and reactive dyes. Bis azo dyes contain two azo groups and are classified into types based on their chemical structure and method of preparation, such as AZA', AM E, D E' and AZ x Z' A'. Examples of different azo
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Optical brightening agents (OBAs) are colorless dyes that emit visible blue light when exposed to UV light, making white fabrics appear brighter. They work by absorbing UV light and re-emitting it at a longer, visible wavelength. Historically, OBAs were first used as bleaching auxiliaries in the 1800s and were derived from horse chestnut extracts. Modern OBAs are typically derived from stilbene or triazine compounds. While OBAs improve whiteness, they generally have poor light and wash fastness. Their effects also depend on fiber type and conditions like pH and temperature.
Reactive Dye (Full PDF)
The document provides an overview of reactive dyes:
1) Reactive dyes chemically bond to fibers through reactive groups that form covalent bonds with hydroxyl or amino groups on fibers like cotton, polyamide, and wool.
2) They were first invented in 1956 and provided brighter colors and better fastness than previous dyes.
3) Reactive dyes are now widely used for cellulosic fibers due to their brighter colors, good fastness properties, and simpler dyeing process compared to other dyes.
Vat dye
The document discusses vat dyes, which are insoluble aromatic compounds containing quinone groups. Vat dyes are reduced to a soluble hydroquinone form using reducing agents like sodium dithionite and sodium hydroxide for application to cellulosic fibers. The reduced dyes are then oxidized back to the insoluble pigment form within the fibers. Vat dyes provide excellent fastness properties and can withstand various treatments. Common application methods include reduced vat dyeing in jigs or stock vats, and continuous padding and developing processes. Post-dyeing treatments may include oxidation, soaping, leveling, or partial stripping to correct any faults.
Pigments and their classification
Pigment is derived from word “pigmentum” means coloring matter.
“Pigments are organic and inorganic materials which are practically insoluble in medium in which they are incorporated
Introduction of dyeing Basic knowledge
Some basic knowledge about textile dyeing. It will help to gather some information for textile dyeing.
Direct dye
Direct dyes are water-soluble aromatic compounds that have an affinity for cellulose fibers like cotton. They are applied as aqueous solutions and bond to fibers physically through hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces. Direct dyes generally have poor fastness properties but these can be improved through after-treatments using metallic salts like copper or chromium compounds, or formaldehyde, which increase the dye's molecular weight and bonding strength to the fibers. Key factors that influence direct dye uptake include electrolyte concentration, temperature, liquor ratio, and dye class.
Reactive dyes
Reactive dyes are organic dyes that form covalent bonds with cellulose fibers. They were first commercially produced in 1956 and have advantages like excellent color fastness and ease of washing. Reactive dyes contain three parts - a chromophore for color, a reactive group that bonds to fibers, and a bridging group connecting these. Dyeing involves exhaustion of dye onto fibers, fixation through alkaline conditions forming covalent bonds, and washing unfixed dye away. Reactive dyeing gives very colorfast results due to the strong covalent bonds formed.
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The document summarizes a presentation on color theory and color mixing. It discusses the three main types of color theory: trichromatic/ternary combination theory involving red, yellow and blue primaries; additive theory involving red, green and blue light primaries; and subtractive theory involving pigments with cyan, yellow and magenta primaries. It also covers primary, secondary and tertiary colors; color wheels; color values involving tints and shades; and color schemes like monochromatic, complementary, analogous, warm and cool. Color mixing is defined as mixing colored substances or light, and the two types - additive mixing of light colors and subtractive mixing of pigments - are described.
Pigment Dyeing
DEFINITION: Pigment is a substrate in a particulate form which is insoluble in water but which can be dispersed in this medium to modify its color and light scattering properties. They are organic or inorganic coloring materials. They have no affinity to textile materials. They are fixed on the textile material with the help of binding agent in form a thin invisible coating.
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This document provides information about natural dyes that can be extracted from various plants, fungi, insects, and other natural sources. It discusses dye sources such as tree barks, leaves, flowers, fruits, oak galls, safflower, woad, madder, cochineal, lichens, and more. It also lists common "weeds" that can be used as dye plants, such as yarrow, heather, carrot, horsetail, lady's bedstraw, ivy, St. John's wort, bracken, dock, comfrey, dandelion, and nettle. The document concludes by outlining the dye processes of cleaning fibers, mordant
Bhuvana_Dyes.pptx
This document provides information about different types of dyes:
- Dyes can be classified based on their fastness properties as either "fast dyes" that are permanent or "fugitive dyes" that fade.
- Dyes are generally applied in an aqueous solution and sometimes require a mordant to improve their fastness on fibers.
- Major dye classifications include acid dyes, basic dyes, direct or substantive dyes, mordant dyes, vat dyes, azo dyes, and sulfur dyes. Azo dyes are one of the most important classes and are prepared through azo coupling reactions.
- Examples of natural dyes mentioned include henna, w
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Dr. Bapu R. Thorat's document discusses dyes and pigments. It begins by explaining key qualities of dyes, such as being able to impart color and being fixed permanently to fabrics. It then covers various types of dyes like azo dyes, nitroso dyes, triphenylmethane dyes, phthalein dyes, xanthene dyes, and indigo dyes. Specific dyes discussed include methyl orange, aniline yellow, and crystal violet. It also classifies dyes based on their application, such as acid dyes, basic dyes, direct dyes, and vat dyes. The document concludes by covering inorganic pigments like zinc oxide and
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Classification of dyes
This document discusses dyes, their classification, and properties. It defines dyes as colored organic compounds used to impart color. Dyes must be colorfast, soluble, able to bond to fibers, and withstand washing. There are several classification methods, including by source (natural vs synthetic), chromophore (nitro/nitroso, azo, triarylmethane, anthraquinone, indigo), and application method (direct, vat, mordant, azoic, disperse). Synthetic dyes account for most commercial use due to low cost, brightness, and ease of application. Azo dyes represent over half of dyes and provide a wide range of colors.
Structure of fibre and dye
This presentation discusses the functional groups present in various natural and synthetic fibers as well as different types of dyes. It begins by identifying the functional groups in common natural fibers like cotton, wool, and silk, which contain groups like hydroxyl, carboxylic acid, and amino groups. It then examines the functional groups in several synthetic fibers such as polyester, nylon, acrylic, polyurethane and Kevlar. The presentation also categorizes dyes based on their chemical structure and functional groups like nitro, azo, and anthraquinone groups. Finally, it describes different methods of dye application including reactive, direct, disperse, acid, basic, and vat dyes.
Introduction to dyes
Dyes are colored organic compounds that can impart color to substrates like cloth, paper, plastic or leather. There are several types of dyes classified by their chemistry and application method. Reactive dyes are widely used for cotton dyeing due to their high washfast properties. Disperse dyes are used predominantly on polyester fibers. Direct dyes are water-soluble and used for cotton and cellulose. Vat dyes are applied to cellulosic fibers from a soluble leuco form. Sulfur dyes provide good washfastness for economical cotton dyeing.
Azoicdyes ppt~1
The impregnated material is treated in a bath containing diazonium solution to carry out coupling and thus color is produced inside the fabric.
Dye
The document discusses the latest innovations in dyeing technology for textiles. It describes several major types of dyes used in textile finishing and their classifications. New developments in dyeing machinery aim to improve quality, productivity, and sustainability. Recent innovations include e-control dyeing concepts using minimal chemicals, batch dyeing developments for safe fabric transport, and vibratronic dryers for uniform drying. Novel dyes are also discussed, including dyes bound to fibers by high molecular weight compounds and electrochemical dyeing as an efficient and environmentally friendly process. The document concludes that while dyeing methods have changed little over time, technology continues to drive new innovations in the textile industry.
Pigment dyeing
Pigments are insoluble colorants that remain on the surface of fibers rather than penetrating inside. They are held in place mechanically by binders which are cured at high temperatures. For commercial use, pigments must have good heat resistance, dispersability, light/weather fastness, and be harmless and affordable. Binders are important as they bond pigment particles to fibers and form a clear film. The rubbing fastness of pigments depends on binder efficiency. Pigment dyeing involves padding dye paste onto fabric, drying, and curing at high heat to set the colors.
Vat Dyes
Vat dyes are water-insoluble dyes that can be converted to a water-soluble form through chemical reduction. They were first developed in the 1850s as synthetic dyes and include indigo dye. The vat dyeing process involves three steps - vatting to convert the dye to its soluble leuco form, oxidation to convert it back to insoluble form in the fiber, and after treatment. Vat dyes have high color fastness but more limited shades than other dyes and their application process is complex and time-consuming.
Synthetic dye
Muhammad Ahsan presented on synthetic dyes. He discussed that dyes can be classified based on their source as natural or synthetic dyes. Synthetic dyes, first created by William Henry Perkin in 1856, are now used more widely due to lower costs and greater color fastness. Dyes can also be classified by their chromophore, such as azo dyes containing the -N=N- group, or by application method like acid dyes which are water-soluble anionic dyes. Chromophores allow dyes to absorb visible light and appear colored. Modifiers to dye structures can alter their color by changing electron energies.
Organic pigments
Organic pigments can be categorized as either azo or non-azo pigments. Azo pigments contain the -N=N- group and provide color ranging from bluish red to greenish yellow. Their properties depend on the coupling component used in their synthesis. Non-azo pigments include polycyclic, anthraquinone, dioxazine, and quinacridone pigments. Different pigment classes have varying properties like lightfastness, weatherfastness, and solvent resistance depending on their chemical structure and substituents. Organic pigments are an important class of colored materials made of carbon chains and rings.
Azo dyes
This document discusses different types of azo dyes. Azo dyes contain an azo group (-N=N-) in their chemical structure. They are classified based on the number of azo groups, including mono azo, bis azo, tris azo and tetra azo dyes. Mono azo dyes contain one azo group and are further divided into classes like solvent, pigment, mordant, basic, disperse and reactive dyes. Bis azo dyes contain two azo groups and are classified into types based on their chemical structure and method of preparation, such as AZA', AM E, D E' and AZ x Z' A'. Examples of different azo
Optical brightening Agent
Optical brightening agents (OBAs) are colorless dyes that emit visible blue light when exposed to UV light, making white fabrics appear brighter. They work by absorbing UV light and re-emitting it at a longer, visible wavelength. Historically, OBAs were first used as bleaching auxiliaries in the 1800s and were derived from horse chestnut extracts. Modern OBAs are typically derived from stilbene or triazine compounds. While OBAs improve whiteness, they generally have poor light and wash fastness. Their effects also depend on fiber type and conditions like pH and temperature.
Reactive Dye (Full PDF)
The document provides an overview of reactive dyes:
1) Reactive dyes chemically bond to fibers through reactive groups that form covalent bonds with hydroxyl or amino groups on fibers like cotton, polyamide, and wool.
2) They were first invented in 1956 and provided brighter colors and better fastness than previous dyes.
3) Reactive dyes are now widely used for cellulosic fibers due to their brighter colors, good fastness properties, and simpler dyeing process compared to other dyes.
Vat dye
The document discusses vat dyes, which are insoluble aromatic compounds containing quinone groups. Vat dyes are reduced to a soluble hydroquinone form using reducing agents like sodium dithionite and sodium hydroxide for application to cellulosic fibers. The reduced dyes are then oxidized back to the insoluble pigment form within the fibers. Vat dyes provide excellent fastness properties and can withstand various treatments. Common application methods include reduced vat dyeing in jigs or stock vats, and continuous padding and developing processes. Post-dyeing treatments may include oxidation, soaping, leveling, or partial stripping to correct any faults.
Pigments and their classification
Pigment is derived from word “pigmentum” means coloring matter.
“Pigments are organic and inorganic materials which are practically insoluble in medium in which they are incorporated
Introduction of dyeing Basic knowledge
Some basic knowledge about textile dyeing. It will help to gather some information for textile dyeing.
Direct dye
Direct dyes are water-soluble aromatic compounds that have an affinity for cellulose fibers like cotton. They are applied as aqueous solutions and bond to fibers physically through hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces. Direct dyes generally have poor fastness properties but these can be improved through after-treatments using metallic salts like copper or chromium compounds, or formaldehyde, which increase the dye's molecular weight and bonding strength to the fibers. Key factors that influence direct dye uptake include electrolyte concentration, temperature, liquor ratio, and dye class.
Reactive dyes
Reactive dyes are organic dyes that form covalent bonds with cellulose fibers. They were first commercially produced in 1956 and have advantages like excellent color fastness and ease of washing. Reactive dyes contain three parts - a chromophore for color, a reactive group that bonds to fibers, and a bridging group connecting these. Dyeing involves exhaustion of dye onto fibers, fixation through alkaline conditions forming covalent bonds, and washing unfixed dye away. Reactive dyeing gives very colorfast results due to the strong covalent bonds formed.
Different color theory
The document summarizes a presentation on color theory and color mixing. It discusses the three main types of color theory: trichromatic/ternary combination theory involving red, yellow and blue primaries; additive theory involving red, green and blue light primaries; and subtractive theory involving pigments with cyan, yellow and magenta primaries. It also covers primary, secondary and tertiary colors; color wheels; color values involving tints and shades; and color schemes like monochromatic, complementary, analogous, warm and cool. Color mixing is defined as mixing colored substances or light, and the two types - additive mixing of light colors and subtractive mixing of pigments - are described.
Pigment Dyeing
DEFINITION: Pigment is a substrate in a particulate form which is insoluble in water but which can be dispersed in this medium to modify its color and light scattering properties. They are organic or inorganic coloring materials. They have no affinity to textile materials. They are fixed on the textile material with the help of binding agent in form a thin invisible coating.
Natural Dyes - a mini presentation
This document provides information about natural dyes that can be extracted from various plants, fungi, insects, and other natural sources. It discusses dye sources such as tree barks, leaves, flowers, fruits, oak galls, safflower, woad, madder, cochineal, lichens, and more. It also lists common "weeds" that can be used as dye plants, such as yarrow, heather, carrot, horsetail, lady's bedstraw, ivy, St. John's wort, bracken, dock, comfrey, dandelion, and nettle. The document concludes by outlining the dye processes of cleaning fibers, mordant
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Bhuvana_Dyes.pptx
This document provides information about different types of dyes:
- Dyes can be classified based on their fastness properties as either "fast dyes" that are permanent or "fugitive dyes" that fade.
- Dyes are generally applied in an aqueous solution and sometimes require a mordant to improve their fastness on fibers.
- Major dye classifications include acid dyes, basic dyes, direct or substantive dyes, mordant dyes, vat dyes, azo dyes, and sulfur dyes. Azo dyes are one of the most important classes and are prepared through azo coupling reactions.
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Dr. Bapu R. Thorat's document discusses dyes and pigments. It begins by explaining key qualities of dyes, such as being able to impart color and being fixed permanently to fabrics. It then covers various types of dyes like azo dyes, nitroso dyes, triphenylmethane dyes, phthalein dyes, xanthene dyes, and indigo dyes. Specific dyes discussed include methyl orange, aniline yellow, and crystal violet. It also classifies dyes based on their application, such as acid dyes, basic dyes, direct dyes, and vat dyes. The document concludes by covering inorganic pigments like zinc oxide and
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2) Dyes can be classified based on their source (natural vs synthetic), chromophore group (e.g. azo, triphenylmethane), or method of application (reactive, acid, disperse dyes). Common synthetic dyes discussed include methyl orange and malachite green.
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Twelve dyes were synthesized by diazotizing six primary aromatic amines, which were subsequently coupled with H-acid(1-napthol-8-amino-3,6-disulphonic acid).Each of these amines wasalso diazotized and coupled with abenzoylated H-acid.The colours obtained were mainly pink, red and orange. The various dyes synthesized were applied onto a Nylon 6.6. The molecular weights of the dyes, as well as their molar extinction coefficients were calculated and their solubility in water was determined. Their maximum absorption wavelength was measured in water. The fastness properties of the dyes were also investigated. They had good fastness properties. Benzoylated acid dyes give brighter shades and high wet fastness properties on nylon 6.6, due to their high molecular weight. They also have good exhaustion properties.Dyeing of fabrics
Dyes are colored substances that are applied to materials to change their color. They work by absorbing certain wavelengths of light, which our eyes then perceive as color. Dyes are made up of chromophores, which are structures containing delocalized electrons that allow the dye to absorb specific wavelengths of visible light. Auxochromes are groups of atoms attached to chromophores that modify their light absorption properties and provide solubility. There are various ways to classify dyes, including by their chemical structure and the materials they can be applied to such as textiles, paper, leather, and more.
reactive dyes in dyeing
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GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF STAINING AND H & E STAIN.pptx
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1. introduction to preparation and structure of some common dyestuffs
This document provides an introduction to dye preparation and classification. It discusses that dyes are used to impart color and can be classified by their chemical structure or application method. The key types of dyes mentioned are azoic, acid, basic, direct, disperse, reactive, mordant, sulfur and vat dyes. Azo dyes are described as being prepared through diazotization and coupling reactions. Reactive dyes are highlighted as forming covalent bonds with cellulose fibers for high wash fastness. Vat dyes are insoluble complexes that are reduced to leuco forms for application before reoxidizing. Disperse dyes are water-insoluble for application to synthetic hydrophobic fibers.
DYES part I ( intrduction, chromophore n auxochrome and classification.pptx
This document discusses the key properties and components of dyes. It defines chromophores as the part of a molecule responsible for its color, and notes that chromophores undergo π-π* or n-π* electronic transitions. Auxochromes are groups that intensify a dye's color by extending conjugation with the chromophore. Common auxochromes include -OH, -NH2, and -COOH groups. The document also classifies dyes based on their structure, application method, and presence of acidic or basic auxochrome groups.
Acid dye presentation
This document provides information about acid dyes. It begins with an introduction to acid dyes, noting that they are large dyes containing sulfonic or carboxylic acid groups that dye protein fibers like wool from acid solutions. It then discusses the properties of acid dyes, including that they are water soluble and have affinity for protein and nylon fibers. The document also covers the classification, structure, and dyeing processes for acid dyes. In particular, it differentiates between types of acid dyes like levelling, fast, milling, and super-milling dyes based on their molecular size and dyeing characteristics.
dyes part II.pptx
This document discusses the classification and properties of dyes. It outlines seven main classifications of dyes based on their chemical structure: 1) nitro and nitroso dyes, 2) azo dyes, 3) triphenyl methane dyes, 4) phthalein dyes, 5) indigoid and thioindigoid dyes, 6) antraquinone dyes, and 7) miscellaneous dyes. It then provides examples of azo dyes, including methyl orange. Methyl orange is described as an acidic azo dye containing a sulphonic acid group that makes it water soluble and allows it to be used as a dye and pH indicator that is orange in alkaline solutions and red
Theory of staining
The tissue section is colourless because the fixed protein has the same refractive index as that of glass. We use dyes that have specific affinity with the different tissue proteins and colour them differently.
Colour is seen by the eye as a result of the effect of certain electromagnetic waves on the rods and cones of the retina. These waves, which have a varying length, will determine the colour that is seen.
White light being composed of all the colours of the visible spectrum varies in wavelength from 4,000 Â to 8,000 Â.
If light of a specific wavelength is absorbed from white light the resultant light will then be coloured, the colour being dependent upon the particular wavelength that has been removed.
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Classification of colorants
- 1. COLOURANTS BY B. Venkatesh Asst. Professor, Dept. of Textile Technology VFSTR University
- 2. INTRODUCTION Colouring materials are mainly of three types, viz. dyes, pigments and lakes (ingrain dyes). A dye has three parts in its structure – chromophore, chromogen and auxochrome – and is soluble in a specific medium under certain conditions. Chromophore is an unsaturated group that absorbs light and reflects it at specific angle to give the hue, e.g. azo, keto, nitro, nitroso, thio, ethylene, etc.;
- 3. Chromogen retains chromophore and plays a crucial role to determine the final hue and its affinity for fibre, fastness, stability, etc. While auxochrome is a substituted acidic or basic group in dye structure to intensify depth of shade, e.g. –OH, –COOH, SO3H, –NH,etc.
- 4. Classification Colouring materials are also classified in several other ways based on their source or origin, chemical structure, field of application, ionic nature and solubility in water, etc.
- 5. SOURCE OF ORIGIN Natural colours Synthetic colours
- 6. CHEMICAL STRUCTURE Colouring materials are also classified based on their chemical structure. e.g., azo, nitro, nitroso, stilbene, di- and tri-phenylmethane, xanthene, acridine, quinoline, methane, thiazole, azine, oxazine, thiazine, anthraquinone, indigoid and phthalocyanine, etc
- 8. IONIC NATURE Dyes can also be classified according to electrical charge that exists in its ionized coloured part before or during dyeing. Based on this, direct, acid, reactive, sulphur, metal-complex, vat and soluble vat dyes are anionic; Basic dye is cationic Disperse dye is non-ionic in nature
- 9. SOLUBILITY IN WATER Water is the universal medium of dyeing. It is cheaper, non toxic, easily available and can be recovered and reused. That is why solubility of dye in water is an important factor in dyeing. Direct, reactive, solubilised vat and acid dyes are water-soluble dyes. Vat and sulphur dyes are water insoluble but can be taken into solution by reduction and solubilisation. Basic dye is soluble in acidic warm bath while other dyes are insoluble in water under normal conditions.
- 10. THANK YOU