This document classifies antibiotics based on their chemical structure, mechanism of action, spectrum of activity, and origin. It divides antibiotics into categories such as beta-lactams, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, and others. Within each category it provides examples of common antibiotics and briefly explains their mechanism of action and whether they are primarily bacteriostatic or bactericidal. The document also differentiates antibiotics based on whether they are narrow or broad spectrum and whether they target bacteria, fungi, protozoa, or viruses. It concludes by noting antibiotics can be obtained from fungi, bacteria, or actinomycetes.

1. By
Bhavya Sree Pinnamaneni
Sir CRR COPS.

2. Classification done basedon
Chemical structure
Mechanism of action
Type of organism which primarily
active
Spectrum of activity
Type of action
From which antibiotics are obtained

3. Based on chemical structure
1. Sulfonamides & related drugs:
Ex: Sulfadiazine, Dapsone, PAS
2. Diamino pyridines:
Ex:Trimethoprim, Pyrimethamine
3. Quinolones:
Ex: Nalidixic acid, Norfloxacin, Ciprofloxacin,
Gatifloxacin
4. Beta lactam antibiotics:
Ex: Pencillins, Cephalosporins, Monobactams,
Carbapenems
5. Tetracyclines:
Ex: Doxycycline, Oxytetracycline.
6. Nitrobenzene derivatives:
Ex: Chloamphenicol

4. Based on chemical structure
7. Aminiglycosides:
Ex: Streptomycin, Gentamycin, Amikacin,
Neomycin
8. Macrolide antibiotics:
Ex: Azithromycin, Clarithromycin,
Erythromycin
9. Glycopeptide antibiotics:
Ex: Vancomycin, Teicoplannin
10. Lincosamide antibiotics:
Ex: Lincomycin, Clindamycin
11. Oxazolidinone:
Ex: Linezolid
12. Polypeptide antibiotics:
Ex: Polymixin-B, Colistin, Bacitrain,Tryothricin

5. Based on chemical structure
13. Nitrifuron derivatives:
Ex: Nitrofurantoin, Furazolidone
14. Nicotinic acid derivatives:
Ex: INZ, Pyrazinamide, Ethionamide
15. Nitroimidazoles:
Ex: Metronidazole, Tinidazole
16. Polyene antibiotics:
Ex: Nystatin, Amphotericin-B, Hamycin
17. Azole derivatives:
Ex: Miconazole, Clotrimazole, Ketoconazole,
Fluconazole
18. others:
Ex: Rifampin, Spectinomycin, Cycloserine,
Vincomycin, Ethambutol, Grisefluvin, Clofizimine

6. Based on Mechanism of action
1. Inhibit cellwall synthesis:
Ex: Pencillins, Cephalosporins, Cycloserine,
Vancomycin, Bacitracin
2. Cause leakage from cellmembranes:
Ex: Polypeptide- Polymixins, Cloestine,
Bacitarcin
Polyenes- Amphotericin-B, Nystatin,
Hamycin
3. Inhibit the protein synthesis:
Ex: Tetracyclines, Cholromphenicol,
Erythromycin, Clindamycin, Linezolid
4. Cause misreading of mRNA coding & affect permiability:
Ex: Aminolgycosides- Streptomycin, Gentamycin

7. Based on Mechanism of action
5. Inhibit the DNA Gyrase:
Ex: Fluroquinolones- Ciprofloxacin
6. Interfere with DNA function:
Ex: Rifampin, Metronidazole
7. Interfere with DNA synthesis:
Ex: Acyclovir, Zidovudine
8. Interfere with intermediary metabolism:
Ex: Sulfoamides, Sulfone, PAS, Trimethoprim,
Ethambutol

8. Based on organism against which
primarily actives
1. Anti bacterial:
Ex: Pencillins, Aminoglycosides, Erythromycin
2. Anti fungal:
Ex: Gresiofulvin, Amphotericin-B, Ketoconazole
3. Anti protozal:
Ex: Chlrorquin, Pyrimethamine, Metranidazole
4. Anti viral:
Ex: Acyclovir, amantidine, Zidovudin
5. Anti helmenthic:
Ex: Mebendazole, Pyrantel, Albenmdazole,
Niclosamide, Diethylcarbamazine

9. Based on Spectrum of activity
Narrow spectrum
• Pencillin-G
• Streptomycin
• Erythromycin
Broad spectrum
• Tetracyclines
• Cholramphenicol

10. Based on type of action
Primarily Bacteriostatic
• Sulfonamides
• Tetracyclines
• Chloramphenicol
• Erythromycin
• Ethambutol
• Linezolid
Primarily Bactericidal
• Pencillins
• Aminolglycosides
• Polypeptides
• Rifampin
• Cotrimazole
• Metronidazole
• Ciprofloxacin
• Nalidixic acid
• Cephalospoins
• Vancomycin
• Pyrazinamide
• Isoniazide

11. Based upon antibiotics obtained from
1. Fungi:
Ex: Pencillin, Cephalosporin, Griseofulvin
2. Bacteria:
Ex: Polymixin-B, colestin, Bacitracin,
Aztreonam
3. Actinomycetes:
Ex: Aminoglycosides, Teteacyclines,
Chloramphenicol, Polyene, Macrolides