This document discusses different types of dosage forms including oral and topical dosage forms. Oral dosage forms include tablets, capsules, liquids, and others. Tablets can be coated, sublingual, effervescent, chewable and more. Capsules are either hard or soft shelled. Topical dosage forms include ointments, creams, gels, pastes, liniments and others that are applied to the skin or mucous membranes for local effects. Dosage forms are designed to deliver drugs to sites of action in the body in a way that protects, masks tastes, and controls drug release.
The document describes different types of tablets classified by method of administration and mechanism of action. Tablets can be ingested orally and include standard, enteric coated, chewable and effervescent varieties. Others are used in the oral cavity as buccal, sublingual or lozenges. Implantation and vaginal tablets are administered by other routes. Tablet types aim to protect drugs, modify release timing, or produce solutions for various therapeutic effects.
This document discusses various dosage forms used to deliver drug molecules to sites of action within the body. It defines dosage forms and describes their classification based on route of administration and physical form. Several oral dosage forms are described in detail, including tablets, capsules, liquids, and others. Topical, rectal, vaginal, parenteral, inhaled, and other dosage forms are also summarized. The purpose, composition, and examples of each type of dosage form are provided.
The document discusses various types of solid, liquid, and semi-solid dosage forms used to deliver drugs to the body. Solid dosage forms include tablets, capsules, powders, and granules which provide accurate dosing and protection of drugs. Liquid forms like syrups provide quick absorption but stability can be an issue. Semi-solids like ointments and creams are used for external application. Dosage forms aim to deliver drugs safely and effectively based on factors like taste-masking, sustained release, and site of action within the body.
This document discusses drugs, dosage forms, and their importance. It begins by defining a drug as a chemical agent for treating disease in humans or animals. Dosage forms are means of delivering drugs to the body. Proper dosage forms are needed for accurate dosing, ease of administration, protection from degradation, and modifying drug effects. The document then covers various oral and topical dosage forms like tablets, capsules, liquids, ointments and creams. It describes their composition, characteristics and purposes. The goal is to educate students on preparation techniques and dosage form selection.
This document provides information on various liquid dosage forms including their descriptions, advantages, disadvantages and examples. It discusses liquid forms such as otic preparations, nasal preparations, syrups, elixirs, tinctures, fluid extracts, douches, enemas, liniments, collodion, aromatic waters, spirits/essences, mouthwashes, gargles and astringents. For each type, it outlines what they are, how they are administered and common examples. The document is an informative reference for the different types of liquid dosage forms used in pharmaceutical preparations.
This document provides information about ointments, including their definition, types, bases, preparation, storage, and quality control testing. It defines ointments as greasy semisolid medicated preparations applied topically to the skin. The main types are unmedicated and medicated ointments. Medicated ointments are further divided into dermatologic, ophthalmic, rectal, vaginal, and nasal ointments based on the application site. The five classes of ointment bases are oleaginous, absorption, water-in-oil emulsion, oil-in-water emulsion, and water soluble/miscible bases. Quality control tests evaluate attributes like rate of absorption, irritation potential, and
This document defines and classifies different types of dosage forms. It discusses oral solid dosage forms like tablets, capsules, granules and powders. It also covers oral liquid forms such as solutions, suspensions, syrups and elixirs. Finally, it summarizes topical dosage forms including ointments, creams, gels, pastes and dusting powders which are applied externally to the skin or mucous membranes. The purpose of different dosage forms is to deliver drug molecules accurately to sites of action in the body while protecting, masking taste and ensuring sustained or controlled release of medication.
The document describes different types of tablets classified by method of administration and mechanism of action. Tablets can be ingested orally and include standard, enteric coated, chewable and effervescent varieties. Others are used in the oral cavity as buccal, sublingual or lozenges. Implantation and vaginal tablets are administered by other routes. Tablet types aim to protect drugs, modify release timing, or produce solutions for various therapeutic effects.
This document discusses various dosage forms used to deliver drug molecules to sites of action within the body. It defines dosage forms and describes their classification based on route of administration and physical form. Several oral dosage forms are described in detail, including tablets, capsules, liquids, and others. Topical, rectal, vaginal, parenteral, inhaled, and other dosage forms are also summarized. The purpose, composition, and examples of each type of dosage form are provided.
The document discusses various types of solid, liquid, and semi-solid dosage forms used to deliver drugs to the body. Solid dosage forms include tablets, capsules, powders, and granules which provide accurate dosing and protection of drugs. Liquid forms like syrups provide quick absorption but stability can be an issue. Semi-solids like ointments and creams are used for external application. Dosage forms aim to deliver drugs safely and effectively based on factors like taste-masking, sustained release, and site of action within the body.
This document discusses drugs, dosage forms, and their importance. It begins by defining a drug as a chemical agent for treating disease in humans or animals. Dosage forms are means of delivering drugs to the body. Proper dosage forms are needed for accurate dosing, ease of administration, protection from degradation, and modifying drug effects. The document then covers various oral and topical dosage forms like tablets, capsules, liquids, ointments and creams. It describes their composition, characteristics and purposes. The goal is to educate students on preparation techniques and dosage form selection.
This document provides information on various liquid dosage forms including their descriptions, advantages, disadvantages and examples. It discusses liquid forms such as otic preparations, nasal preparations, syrups, elixirs, tinctures, fluid extracts, douches, enemas, liniments, collodion, aromatic waters, spirits/essences, mouthwashes, gargles and astringents. For each type, it outlines what they are, how they are administered and common examples. The document is an informative reference for the different types of liquid dosage forms used in pharmaceutical preparations.
This document provides information about ointments, including their definition, types, bases, preparation, storage, and quality control testing. It defines ointments as greasy semisolid medicated preparations applied topically to the skin. The main types are unmedicated and medicated ointments. Medicated ointments are further divided into dermatologic, ophthalmic, rectal, vaginal, and nasal ointments based on the application site. The five classes of ointment bases are oleaginous, absorption, water-in-oil emulsion, oil-in-water emulsion, and water soluble/miscible bases. Quality control tests evaluate attributes like rate of absorption, irritation potential, and
This document defines and classifies different types of dosage forms. It discusses oral solid dosage forms like tablets, capsules, granules and powders. It also covers oral liquid forms such as solutions, suspensions, syrups and elixirs. Finally, it summarizes topical dosage forms including ointments, creams, gels, pastes and dusting powders which are applied externally to the skin or mucous membranes. The purpose of different dosage forms is to deliver drug molecules accurately to sites of action in the body while protecting, masking taste and ensuring sustained or controlled release of medication.
This document summarizes ophthalmic preparations including definitions, commonly used dosage forms, drugs used in the eye, anatomy and physiology of the eye, factors affecting drug absorption in the eye, manufacturing considerations, and classification of ocular drug delivery systems such as topical eye drops, ointments, and inserts. Key points covered include the types of solutions, suspensions, and gel-forming solutions used as topical eye drops, as well as inactive ingredients used to adjust tonicity, pH, provide stability, and impart viscosity.
Throat paints are viscous solutions intended for application to the throat to treat conditions like pharyngitis and tonsillitis. Common active ingredients include iodine, crystal violet, phenol, and tannic acid. Mandl's throat paint contains potassium iodide, iodine, alcohol, water, peppermint oil and glycerin. Glycerin makes it viscous and sticky to prolong the effect. It is applied using a soft brush and food/water should be avoided for 1 hour after. It is stored in an amber bottle in a cool place and the bottle should be shaken before use.
The document discusses suppositories, which are solid dosage forms meant to be inserted into body cavities like the rectum or vagina to release drugs locally or systemically. Suppositories are semi-solid preparations made by melting ingredients like bases and drugs together. The main types include rectal, urethral, vaginal, and nasal suppositories, which vary in shape, weight and intended cavity. The document outlines the formulation of suppositories including ideal properties of bases, examples of hydrophilic and lipophilic bases, and other additives like antioxidants and emulsifying agents.
1. Dosage forms can be classified in several ways including by route of administration, physical form, sterility, and dose accuracy.
2. Common solid dosage forms include tablets, capsules, powders, and granules while common liquid forms include solutions, suspensions, emulsions, and elixirs.
3. Semi-solid dosage forms for external use include ointments, creams, gels, and suppositories which are administered via different routes such as oral, topical, rectal, etc.
This document describes various types of dosage forms including their definitions, classifications, and examples. It discusses oral dosage forms like tablets, capsules, liquids, and others. It also covers topical forms like ointments, creams, gels and more. Rectal forms like suppositories and enemas are outlined. Vaginal forms such as pessaries and rings are defined. Finally, it briefly discusses parenteral forms including intravenous and intramuscular injections. The document provides detailed information on the characteristics and uses of different dosage forms for drug delivery.
Liquid dosage forms are effective pharmaceutical products containing a mixture of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API/Drug) and non drug components (excipients). It is a dose of a drug used as a medicine for consumption or administration. Many liquid dosage forms are used in the pharmacy, but the most commonly used are syrup, suspension, and elixirs. The general category of liquid oral doses includes a broad range of dosage forms, broadly classified as monophasic and biphasic. Whereas dosage forms in both types comprise at least one drug, monophasic forms are homogeneous and completely dissolve in liquid, whereas biphasic forms in a vehicle do not dissolve.
Elixirs are clear, sweetened liquids containing flavoring substances or active medicinal agents dissolved in water and alcohol. Their primary ingredients include alcohol, water, glycerin, preservatives, sorbital, and flavoring agents. There are two main types - non-medicated elixirs which contain no therapeutic agents, and medicated elixirs which contain active drug ingredients dissolved in the liquid. Elixirs are formulated to be stable, clear solutions and are quality controlled through tests such as measuring alcohol concentration and viscosity. They are commonly used to deliver and mask the taste of other drugs.
1. The document discusses different types of dosage forms including solid, liquid, semi-solid, inhaled, and rectal/vaginal dosage forms.
2. Solid dosage forms include tablets, capsules, powders, and granules. Liquid forms include solutions, emulsions, suspensions, syrups and elixirs. Semi-solid forms include ointments, gels, creams and pastes.
3. The document provides examples of each dosage form and explains their composition, use, advantages, and route of administration. The classification of dosage forms is also described based on physical form and route of administration.
This document provides information on various pharmaceutical solutions including:
1) Aqueous solutions such as douches, aromatic waters, enemas, gargles, and nasal washes which use water as the solvent.
2) Non-aqueous solutions including elixirs, spirits, collodions, glycerin, liniments, and lotions which do not use water as the solvent.
3) Sweet or viscid solutions like syrups which are thick and sweet rather than aqueous.
It discusses the composition, uses, advantages, and disadvantages of different types of pharmaceutical solutions.
This lecture discusses pharmaceutical powders. It begins by defining a pharmaceutical powder as a solid dosage form containing finely divided drugs or chemicals meant for internal or external use. Powders permit drugs to be reduced to a very fine state, enhancing dissolution rate, absorption, and masking unpleasant tastes. The lecture then covers various types of powders including divided powders for internal use (simple, compound, cachet-enclosed), bulk powders (antacids, laxatives), and powders for external use. Methods for reducing particle size like trituration, pulverization, and levigation are also summarized.
This document discusses various types of solid dosage forms, with a focus on tablets and capsules. Tablets can be film coated, enteric coated, effervescent, sublingual, buccal, troches, chewable, or modified/slow release. Capsules can be hard or soft shell and contain solids or oils. Powders can be simplex, complex, indivisi or divisi. The document provides examples and describes how to write prescriptions for different solid dosage forms.
Semi-solid and liquid dosage forms can be used topically, orally, and parenterally. Semi-solid forms include ointments, creams, gels, pastes, liniments, suppositories, and poultices. Liquid forms include solutions, suspensions, emulsions, syrups, elixirs, lotions, and injections. Sterile dosage forms like injections must be free of microbes while non-sterile forms can be used orally or topically. Different routes like intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular and intravenous provide variable absorption and effects.
This document discusses various types of liquid dosage forms including pharmaceutical solutions, galenicals, decoctions, infusions, percolations, douches, enemas, gargles, washes, juices, sprays, sweeteners, honey, mucilage, jellies, and non-aqueous solutions. Pharmaceutical solutions are homogenous mixtures that can be aqueous or non-aqueous depending on the solubility of the drug. Various extraction and preparation methods are covered for obtaining active ingredients from plants into liquid forms. The uses and formulations of different oral and topical liquid medications are also outlined.
This document provides information about the preparation and formulation of a cetrimide cream. It describes the ingredients used including cetrimide as the active ingredient, cetostearyl alcohol as an opacifying and viscosity increasing agent, and liquid paraffin as the oleaginous vehicle. The procedure involves heating the water phase and oil phase separately, then mixing the two phases together with continuous stirring until an emulsion is formed. Precautions are taken to carefully weigh and transfer ingredients and the final product is labeled with required information such as ingredients, indications, storage instructions before packaging.
Nasal preparations are products applied in the nose to treat nasal symptoms and conditions. They include nasal steroids, lubricants, antihistamines, decongestants, and anti-infectives. Nasal preparations are available as nose drops, nose sprays, nasal jellies, and inhalers. They have advantages like ease of use, rapid effectiveness, and safety. However, they also have disadvantages like low bioavailability and potential damage to the nasal mucosa with improper use. Common uses include treating rhinitis, sinusitis, congestion, and infections.
This document discusses various ophthalmic products including eye drops, eye lotions, eye suspensions, eye ointments, and contact lens solutions. It describes the ideal characteristics of ophthalmic products such as being sterile, isotonic, and having the proper pH and viscosity. It also discusses the types of microorganisms that can cause eye infections and how sterility is achieved. The document provides details on the formulation, preparation, and labeling of different ophthalmic products.
the all u need to know about syrup is here its a verified information.and will help u to incerease your knowledge about liquid dosage forms especially Syrup
Dosage form, complete chapter on dosage form, pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical d...RajkumarKumawat11
Pharmaceutical dosage form,Dosage form, complete chapter on dosage form, pharmaceutics,
Dosage form by raj kumar kumawat
Dosage from presentation for pharmacy students
Liquid oral topic in Industrial Pharmacy contains many topics like solution, elixirs, syrups, emulsion, and suspension. This topic includes general introduction, types, formulation, components, uses, and Quality control tests. These are also beneficial in other subjects like Pharmaceutics.
Powders are mixtures of finely divided drugs and chemicals that can be used internally or externally. Powders consist of particles that can range in size from 10 mm to 1 μm. The particle size distribution and properties influence how powders can be used. Before using powders to make pharmaceutical products, their chemical and physical characteristics like morphology, purity, solubility, and stability are analyzed. Proper blending and avoiding segregation of powder mixtures is important for ensuring uniform and consistent dosing.
This document discusses various types of dosage forms including their definitions, classifications, and examples. It covers solid dosage forms like tablets, capsules, and powders as well as liquid forms like solutions, suspensions, and emulsions. It also discusses semi-solid forms like ointments, creams, gels and pastes. Additionally, it covers various routes of administration such as oral, topical, rectal, parenteral, inhaled and others. It provides details on the composition, use and examples of different dosage forms based on their physical properties and intended route of delivery.
This document describes various types of dosage forms including their definitions, classifications, and examples. It discusses oral dosage forms like tablets, capsules, liquids, and others. It also covers topical forms like ointments, creams, gels and more. Rectal forms like suppositories and enemas are outlined. Vaginal forms such as pessaries and rings are defined. Finally, it briefly discusses parenteral forms including intravenous and intramuscular injections. The document provides detailed information on the characteristics and uses of different dosage forms for drug delivery.
This document summarizes ophthalmic preparations including definitions, commonly used dosage forms, drugs used in the eye, anatomy and physiology of the eye, factors affecting drug absorption in the eye, manufacturing considerations, and classification of ocular drug delivery systems such as topical eye drops, ointments, and inserts. Key points covered include the types of solutions, suspensions, and gel-forming solutions used as topical eye drops, as well as inactive ingredients used to adjust tonicity, pH, provide stability, and impart viscosity.
Throat paints are viscous solutions intended for application to the throat to treat conditions like pharyngitis and tonsillitis. Common active ingredients include iodine, crystal violet, phenol, and tannic acid. Mandl's throat paint contains potassium iodide, iodine, alcohol, water, peppermint oil and glycerin. Glycerin makes it viscous and sticky to prolong the effect. It is applied using a soft brush and food/water should be avoided for 1 hour after. It is stored in an amber bottle in a cool place and the bottle should be shaken before use.
The document discusses suppositories, which are solid dosage forms meant to be inserted into body cavities like the rectum or vagina to release drugs locally or systemically. Suppositories are semi-solid preparations made by melting ingredients like bases and drugs together. The main types include rectal, urethral, vaginal, and nasal suppositories, which vary in shape, weight and intended cavity. The document outlines the formulation of suppositories including ideal properties of bases, examples of hydrophilic and lipophilic bases, and other additives like antioxidants and emulsifying agents.
1. Dosage forms can be classified in several ways including by route of administration, physical form, sterility, and dose accuracy.
2. Common solid dosage forms include tablets, capsules, powders, and granules while common liquid forms include solutions, suspensions, emulsions, and elixirs.
3. Semi-solid dosage forms for external use include ointments, creams, gels, and suppositories which are administered via different routes such as oral, topical, rectal, etc.
This document describes various types of dosage forms including their definitions, classifications, and examples. It discusses oral dosage forms like tablets, capsules, liquids, and others. It also covers topical forms like ointments, creams, gels and more. Rectal forms like suppositories and enemas are outlined. Vaginal forms such as pessaries and rings are defined. Finally, it briefly discusses parenteral forms including intravenous and intramuscular injections. The document provides detailed information on the characteristics and uses of different dosage forms for drug delivery.
Liquid dosage forms are effective pharmaceutical products containing a mixture of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API/Drug) and non drug components (excipients). It is a dose of a drug used as a medicine for consumption or administration. Many liquid dosage forms are used in the pharmacy, but the most commonly used are syrup, suspension, and elixirs. The general category of liquid oral doses includes a broad range of dosage forms, broadly classified as monophasic and biphasic. Whereas dosage forms in both types comprise at least one drug, monophasic forms are homogeneous and completely dissolve in liquid, whereas biphasic forms in a vehicle do not dissolve.
Elixirs are clear, sweetened liquids containing flavoring substances or active medicinal agents dissolved in water and alcohol. Their primary ingredients include alcohol, water, glycerin, preservatives, sorbital, and flavoring agents. There are two main types - non-medicated elixirs which contain no therapeutic agents, and medicated elixirs which contain active drug ingredients dissolved in the liquid. Elixirs are formulated to be stable, clear solutions and are quality controlled through tests such as measuring alcohol concentration and viscosity. They are commonly used to deliver and mask the taste of other drugs.
1. The document discusses different types of dosage forms including solid, liquid, semi-solid, inhaled, and rectal/vaginal dosage forms.
2. Solid dosage forms include tablets, capsules, powders, and granules. Liquid forms include solutions, emulsions, suspensions, syrups and elixirs. Semi-solid forms include ointments, gels, creams and pastes.
3. The document provides examples of each dosage form and explains their composition, use, advantages, and route of administration. The classification of dosage forms is also described based on physical form and route of administration.
This document provides information on various pharmaceutical solutions including:
1) Aqueous solutions such as douches, aromatic waters, enemas, gargles, and nasal washes which use water as the solvent.
2) Non-aqueous solutions including elixirs, spirits, collodions, glycerin, liniments, and lotions which do not use water as the solvent.
3) Sweet or viscid solutions like syrups which are thick and sweet rather than aqueous.
It discusses the composition, uses, advantages, and disadvantages of different types of pharmaceutical solutions.
This lecture discusses pharmaceutical powders. It begins by defining a pharmaceutical powder as a solid dosage form containing finely divided drugs or chemicals meant for internal or external use. Powders permit drugs to be reduced to a very fine state, enhancing dissolution rate, absorption, and masking unpleasant tastes. The lecture then covers various types of powders including divided powders for internal use (simple, compound, cachet-enclosed), bulk powders (antacids, laxatives), and powders for external use. Methods for reducing particle size like trituration, pulverization, and levigation are also summarized.
This document discusses various types of solid dosage forms, with a focus on tablets and capsules. Tablets can be film coated, enteric coated, effervescent, sublingual, buccal, troches, chewable, or modified/slow release. Capsules can be hard or soft shell and contain solids or oils. Powders can be simplex, complex, indivisi or divisi. The document provides examples and describes how to write prescriptions for different solid dosage forms.
Semi-solid and liquid dosage forms can be used topically, orally, and parenterally. Semi-solid forms include ointments, creams, gels, pastes, liniments, suppositories, and poultices. Liquid forms include solutions, suspensions, emulsions, syrups, elixirs, lotions, and injections. Sterile dosage forms like injections must be free of microbes while non-sterile forms can be used orally or topically. Different routes like intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular and intravenous provide variable absorption and effects.
This document discusses various types of liquid dosage forms including pharmaceutical solutions, galenicals, decoctions, infusions, percolations, douches, enemas, gargles, washes, juices, sprays, sweeteners, honey, mucilage, jellies, and non-aqueous solutions. Pharmaceutical solutions are homogenous mixtures that can be aqueous or non-aqueous depending on the solubility of the drug. Various extraction and preparation methods are covered for obtaining active ingredients from plants into liquid forms. The uses and formulations of different oral and topical liquid medications are also outlined.
This document provides information about the preparation and formulation of a cetrimide cream. It describes the ingredients used including cetrimide as the active ingredient, cetostearyl alcohol as an opacifying and viscosity increasing agent, and liquid paraffin as the oleaginous vehicle. The procedure involves heating the water phase and oil phase separately, then mixing the two phases together with continuous stirring until an emulsion is formed. Precautions are taken to carefully weigh and transfer ingredients and the final product is labeled with required information such as ingredients, indications, storage instructions before packaging.
Nasal preparations are products applied in the nose to treat nasal symptoms and conditions. They include nasal steroids, lubricants, antihistamines, decongestants, and anti-infectives. Nasal preparations are available as nose drops, nose sprays, nasal jellies, and inhalers. They have advantages like ease of use, rapid effectiveness, and safety. However, they also have disadvantages like low bioavailability and potential damage to the nasal mucosa with improper use. Common uses include treating rhinitis, sinusitis, congestion, and infections.
This document discusses various ophthalmic products including eye drops, eye lotions, eye suspensions, eye ointments, and contact lens solutions. It describes the ideal characteristics of ophthalmic products such as being sterile, isotonic, and having the proper pH and viscosity. It also discusses the types of microorganisms that can cause eye infections and how sterility is achieved. The document provides details on the formulation, preparation, and labeling of different ophthalmic products.
the all u need to know about syrup is here its a verified information.and will help u to incerease your knowledge about liquid dosage forms especially Syrup
Dosage form, complete chapter on dosage form, pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical d...RajkumarKumawat11
Pharmaceutical dosage form,Dosage form, complete chapter on dosage form, pharmaceutics,
Dosage form by raj kumar kumawat
Dosage from presentation for pharmacy students
Liquid oral topic in Industrial Pharmacy contains many topics like solution, elixirs, syrups, emulsion, and suspension. This topic includes general introduction, types, formulation, components, uses, and Quality control tests. These are also beneficial in other subjects like Pharmaceutics.
Powders are mixtures of finely divided drugs and chemicals that can be used internally or externally. Powders consist of particles that can range in size from 10 mm to 1 μm. The particle size distribution and properties influence how powders can be used. Before using powders to make pharmaceutical products, their chemical and physical characteristics like morphology, purity, solubility, and stability are analyzed. Proper blending and avoiding segregation of powder mixtures is important for ensuring uniform and consistent dosing.
This document discusses various types of dosage forms including their definitions, classifications, and examples. It covers solid dosage forms like tablets, capsules, and powders as well as liquid forms like solutions, suspensions, and emulsions. It also discusses semi-solid forms like ointments, creams, gels and pastes. Additionally, it covers various routes of administration such as oral, topical, rectal, parenteral, inhaled and others. It provides details on the composition, use and examples of different dosage forms based on their physical properties and intended route of delivery.
This document describes various types of dosage forms including their definitions, classifications, and examples. It discusses oral dosage forms like tablets, capsules, liquids, and others. It also covers topical forms like ointments, creams, gels and more. Rectal forms like suppositories and enemas are outlined. Vaginal forms such as pessaries and rings are defined. Finally, it briefly discusses parenteral forms including intravenous and intramuscular injections. The document provides detailed information on the characteristics and uses of different dosage forms for drug delivery.
This document discusses different types of dosage forms, which are means of delivering drug molecules to sites of action in the body. It describes various oral dosage forms including tablets, capsules, liquids, and others. It also covers topical dosage forms such as ointments, creams, gels, and more. Oral dosage forms provide accurate dosing, protection from gastric acid, and masking of taste, while topical forms are used on the skin or mucous membranes to deliver drugs locally. The document provides details on the composition, use, and advantages of many common dosage forms.
This document describes different types of dosage forms used to deliver drug molecules to sites of action in the body. It discusses 10 needs for dosage forms such as accurate dosing and protection. Dosage forms are classified based on route of administration such as oral, topical, rectal, etc. Various oral dosage forms are outlined including tablets, capsules, liquids. Topical dosage forms include ointments, creams, gels, patches. The document provides details on the composition, use and advantages of different dosage forms.
Introduction Second Year Solid Dosage Form.pptjosephskamara1
This document defines and classifies different types of dosage forms used to deliver drug molecules to sites of action in the body. It discusses oral dosage forms like tablets, capsules, lozenges and powders. It also covers topical forms like ointments, creams, gels and patches. Rectal forms like suppositories and enemas are outlined. Vaginal forms like pessaries are also mentioned. The document provides details on the composition, uses and advantages of various common dosage forms.
This document discusses different types of dosage forms used to deliver drug molecules to sites of action in the body. It defines dosage forms and outlines their need for accurate dosing, protection, taste masking, sustained/controlled release, and optimal drug action. It then classifies dosage forms based on physical form (solid, semisolid, liquid, gaseous) and route of administration (oral, topical, rectal, parenteral, etc). Various oral dosage forms are described including tablets, capsules, liquids, and others. Topical, rectal, vaginal, parenteral, and inhaled dosage forms are also outlined.
PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS : an overall introduction .pptxAdinathSangale2
Dosage forms are the mechanism by which drug molecules / APIs are administered to areas of action inside the body to generate maximum intended benefits and the lowest unwanted effects.
OR The Dosage form is the combination of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) and Excipients in the formulation.
The document discusses various dosage forms and drug delivery systems. It begins by defining dosage forms as means of delivering drug molecules to sites of action. It then covers different types of solid, liquid, semi-solid, inhaled, rectal and vaginal dosage forms. Key points include classifications based on route of administration (oral, parenteral, etc.) and physical form (solid, liquid, semi-solid). Common examples are provided for different dosage forms like tablets, capsules, solutions, suspensions, creams, inhalers, and suppositories.
1. Dosage forms are means to deliver drug molecules to sites of action in the body to produce optimal effects and minimize adverse effects.
2. Dosage forms provide safe delivery of accurate dosages, protect drugs from degradation, and conceal unpleasant tastes or odors.
3. Dosage forms are classified based on their route of administration, physical form, or drug release mechanism and include tablets, capsules, liquids, semi-solids, inhaled, and rectal/vaginal preparations.
This document summarizes various types of solid and semi-solid oral dosage forms including tablets, capsules, lozenges, pastilles, and others. Tablets can be coated or uncoated and come in many forms like effervescent, chewable, sublingual, and buccal. Capsules contain medications and come in two pieces that are joined. Other dosage forms are used to deliver drugs to specific areas like the mouth or skin and have characteristics like dissolving slowly. Semi-solid forms include ointments, gels, and enemas that are used on or in the body for drug delivery and other purposes.
Drug dosage forms can be liquid, solid, or semisolid. Common solid dosage forms include capsules, tablets, and powders. Capsules contain medications inside a gelatin shell while tablets are compressed powders. Powders can be divided into individual doses or bulk. Liquid dosage forms include solutions, suspensions, drops, emulsions, and injections. Semisolid forms such as ointments, creams, gels, and pastes are applied topically to the skin or mucous membranes.
The document defines drugs and dosage forms. It explains that dosage forms transform pure drug compounds into predetermined forms mixed with non-drug components to aid drug delivery. Dosage forms provide accurate dosing, protection, masking of taste/odor, and controlled release. There are various types of dosage forms classified by route of administration and physical form including solids, liquids, semi-solids, and gases. Common solid dosage forms are tablets, capsules, powders, and granules while liquids include solutions, emulsions, suspensions, elixirs and linctuses. Semi-solid forms for external use are ointments, creams, pastes and jellies.
This document discusses different types of dosage forms used to deliver drug molecules to sites of action in the body. It defines dosage forms and lists their purposes, which include accurate dosing, protection, masking taste, and targeted drug delivery. The document then categorizes dosage forms based on physical form (solid, semisolid, liquid, gaseous) and route of administration (oral, topical, rectal, etc.). Several examples are provided for each category, such as tablets, capsules, solutions, suspensions, enemas, and others. Excipients commonly used in different dosage forms are also outlined.
This presentation provides an overview of different dosage forms including their definitions, classifications, and examples. It discusses solid dosage forms like tablets and capsules, liquid forms like syrups and suspensions, and semisolid forms like ointments and creams. The key points are:
- A dosage form refers to the physical form of a drug, such as a tablet, capsule, or liquid, and how it is administered.
- Dosage forms are classified by their physical form (solid, liquid, semisolid), route of administration (oral, topical, parenteral), and release rate (immediate or sustained release).
- Common solid dosage forms include tablets, capsules, and powders. Liquid
The document discusses drug dosage forms, which are the various ways that pharmaceutical products are administered to patients. Some key points made:
- Dosage forms provide accurate dosing of drugs and allow for administration through different routes. Common forms include tablets, capsules, injections, etc.
- Formulations specify the name, strength and dosage form of the drug product. Excipients are inactive ingredients that don't affect the drug's therapeutic action.
- The dosage form determines how drug molecules are delivered to sites of action in the body. It must provide protection, accurate dosing, and optimize drug effects.
doses forms.pptx used in pharmaceutical formulationsRakesh Barik
This document provides an introduction and overview of dosage forms. It discusses the classification of dosage forms based on their route of administration (oral, parenteral, etc.), physical form (solid, liquid, semi-solid), and other characteristics. The main types of solid, liquid, and semi-solid dosage forms are described including tablets, capsules, oral solutions, suspensions, ointments, and others. The document emphasizes that dosage forms are designed to safely and effectively deliver drug molecules to sites of action in the body.
A brief description of pharmaceutical dosage forms and their route of administration and typical process flow and manufacturing details. It may help new aspirants who wnts to knoiw aboute dosageforms and their administration routes.
Introduction to dosage forms.pptx power pointafsanamamedova
This document provides an introduction and overview of dosage forms. It begins by defining dosage forms as the means of delivering drug molecules to sites of action in the body. It then classifies dosage forms based on their physical state (solid, liquid, semi-solid), route of administration (oral, parenteral, topical), and other characteristics. The main body of the document describes various common solid, liquid, and semi-solid dosage forms such as tablets, capsules, solutions, suspensions, creams and ointments. It provides examples of excipients used and how different dosage forms are designed to improve drug delivery or mask unpleasant characteristics. In closing, the document emphasizes dosage forms are needed to safely and conveniently deliver accurate drug
This document discusses different types of dosage forms used to deliver drugs to the body. It begins with an introduction and overview of dosage forms. It then covers the classification and examples of solid, liquid, and semi-solid dosage forms. Solid dosage forms discussed include tablets, capsules, powders, and others. Liquid forms include solutions, emulsions, suspensions and others. Semi-solid forms include creams, ointments, gels and suppositories. The document provides details on the composition, properties and examples of various oral and other administration route dosage forms.
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2. TYPES OF DOSAGE FORMS:
Definition: Dosage forms are the means ( or the form ) by which
drug molecules are delivered to sites of action within the body.
The need for dosage
forms: 1- Accurate dose.
2- Protection e.g. coated tablets, sealed
ampules. 3- Protection from gastric juice.
4Masking taste and odour.
5Placement of drugs within body
tissues. 6- Sustained release
medication.
7- Controlled release
medication. 8- Optimal drug
action.
9- Insertion of drugs into body cavities (rectal,
3. They are classified according
to:
Physical form
Solid
Semisoli
d liquid
Gaseous
Route of
administration Oral
Topical
Rectal
Parenteral
Vaginal
Inhaled
Ophthalmi
c Otic
4.
5.
6. ORAL DOSAGE FORMS:
1-
Tablet:
A tablet is a hard, compressed medication in round, oval or square
moreshape. Solid dosage form containing unit dose of one or
medicament.
- € Prepared by mould method or compressionmethod
The excipients include:
-Binders, glidants (flow aids) and lubricants to ensure efficient
tabletting.
-Disintegrants to ensure that the tablet breaks up in the digestive
tract.
active-Sweeteners or flavours to mask the taste of bad-tasting
ingredients.
-Pigments to make uncoated tablets visually attractive.
7. 1-TABLET (CONT.)
A coating may be applied to:
1- hide the taste of the tablet's
components. 2- make the tablet smoother
and easier to
swallow .
3- make it more resistant to the
environment. 4- extending its shelf life.
8. 2-BUCCAL AND SUBLINGUAL TABLET:
- Sublingual and buccal medications are administered by placing them
in the mouth, either under the tongue (sublingual) or between the
gum and the cheek (buccal).
- The medications dissolve rapidly and are absorbed through the
mucous membranes of the mouth, where they enter into the
bloodstream.
- Avoid the acid and enzymatic environment of the stomach and the
drug metabolizing enzymes of the liver.
- Examples of drugs administered by this route: e.g. vasodilators,
steroidal hormones.
9. 3-EFFERVESCENT TABLET:
Effervescent tablets are uncoated tablets that generally contain
acid substances (citric and tartaric acids) and carbonates or
bicarbonates and which react rapidly in the presence of
water by releasing carbon dioxide.
-They are intended to be dissolved or dispersed in water before
use providing:
A- Very rapid tablet dispersion and
dissolution. B- pleasant tasting carbonated
drink.
10. 4- CHEWABLE TABLET:
- They are tablets that chewed prior to swallowing.
- They are designed for administration to children e.g.
vitamin products.
11. 5- CAPSULE:
A capsule is a medication in a gelatin container.
- € solid dosage form
- Advantage: mask the unpleasant taste of its contents.
- The two main types of capsules are:
1 Hard-shelled capsules, which are normally used for
dry, powdered ingredients,
2 Soft-shelled capsules, primarily used for oils and for
active ingredients that are dissolved or suspended in
oil.
Soft gelatin capsuleHard gelatin capsule
12. 6- LOZENGE:
-It is a solid preparation consisting of sugar and gum, the latter
giving strength and cohesiveness to the lozenge and
facilitating slow release of the medicament.
- It is used to medicate the mouth and throat for the slow
administration of indigestion or cough remedies.
- 7- PASTILLES
- They are solid medicated preparations designed to dissolve
slowly in the mouth. They are softer than lozenges and their
bases are either glycerol and gelatin, or acacia and sugar.
13. 8- DENTAL CONES:
- A tablet form intende
d
to be
placed
in the empty
socke
t
tooth extraction
,of pathogenic
bacteria
for preventing
associate
d
the
local
with tooth
following a
multiplicatio
n
extractions.- The cones may contain an antibiotic or antiseptic.
- 9-PILLS:
- Pills are oral dosage forms which consist of spherical
masses prepared from one or more medicaments
incorporated with inert excipients.
- Pills are now rarely used.
14. 10- GRANULES:
- They are consisting of solid, dry aggregates of
powder particles often supplied in single-dose
sachets. They are irregular shape particle which are
made to improve flow property of powder
- Some granules are placed on the tongue and
swallowed with water, others are intended to be
dissolved in water before taking.
- Effervescent granules evolve carbon dioxide when
added to water.
15. 11- POWDER (ORAL):
----Solid dosage forms -- intimate mixtures of dry finely divided drug or
chemicals intended for internal or external use.
- The mixed powders may be stored in dry form and mixture prepared by the
pharmacist when required for dispensing , by suspending the powders in
the appropriate vehicle.
1-Bulk Powders are multidose preparations consisting of solid, loose, dry
particles of varying degrees of fineness.--contain one or more active
ingredients, with or without excipients and, if necessary, coloring matter
and flavoring substances.
usually contain non-potent medicaments such as antacids since the
patient measures a dose by volume using a 5ml medicine spoon. The
powder is then usually dispersed in water or, in the case of effervescent
powders, dissolved before taking.
x
16. 13-LIQUID PREPARATIONS:
dispersed
i
a. Oral solution:
Oral solutions are clear Liquid preparations for oral use containing one or
more active ingredients dissolved in a suitable vehicle.
b. Oral emulsion:
Oral emulsions are stabilized oil-in-water dispersions, either or both
phases of which may contain dissolved solids either oil is n finely
divided form in water or vice versa
c.Oral suspension:
- Liquid preparations for oral use containing one or more active
ingredients suspended in a suitable vehicle.
- may show a sediment which is readily dispersed on shaking to give a
uniform suspension which remains sufficiently stable to enable the
correct dose to be delivered
d- Syrup:
- It is a concentrated aqueous solution of a sugar, usually sucrose to
which medicaments are added.
- Flavored syrups are a convenient form of masking disagreeable tastes.
17. 13-LIQUID PREPARATIONS (CONT.):
e- Elixir:
-It is pleasantly flavored clear liquid oral preparation of potent or
nauseous drugs.
- The vehicle may contain a high proportion of ethanol or sucrose
together with antimicrobial preservatives which confers the stability
of the preparation.
f- Linctuses:
- --are viscous, liquid oral preparations that are usually prescribed for
the relief of cough.
- --contain a high proportion of syrup and glycerol which have a
demulcent effect on the membranes of the throat.
- The dose volume is small (5ml) and, to prolong the demulcent action,
they should be taken undiluted.
- .
18. 13-LIQUID PREPARATIONS (CONT.):
Oral Drops:
Oral drops are Liquid preparations for oral use that are intended to
be administered in small volumes with the aid of a suitable measuring
device.
They may be solutions, suspensions or emulsions
h- Gargles:
- They are aqueous solutions used in the prevention or treatment of
throat infections.
- Usually they are prepared in a concentrated solution with directions for
the patient to dilute with warm water before use.
i- Mouthwashes:
These are similar to gargles but are used for oral hygiene and to treat
infections of the mouth.
19. TOPICAL DOSAGE FORMS:
1 Ointments:
-Ointments are semi-solid, greasy preparations for application to the
skin, rectum or nasal mucosa.
- The base is usually anhydrous and immiscible with skin secretions.
-Ointments may be used as emollients or to apply suspended or
dissolved medicaments to the skin.
20. TOPICAL DOSAGE FORMS (CONT.):
2- Creams:
- Creams are semi-solid emulsions, that is mixtures of oil and water.
- They are divided into two types:
A. oil-in-water (O/W) creams: which are composed of small droplets of oil dispersed
in a continuous aqueous phase.
Oil-in-water creams are more comfortable and cosmetically acceptable as they are
less greasy and more easily washed off using water.
B. water-in-oil (W/O) creams: which are composed of small droplets of water
dispersed in a continuous oily phase.
Water-in-oil creams are more difficult to handle but many drugs which are
incorporated into creams are hydrophobic and will be released more readily from
a water-in-oil cream than an oil-in-water cream.
Water-in-oil creams are also more moisturising as they provide an oily barrier which
reduces water loss from the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the
skin.
21. TOPICAL DOSAGE FORMS (CONT.):
3- Gels
(Jellies):
-Gels are semisolid system in which a liquid phase is constrained within a
3-D polymeric matrix (consisting of natural or synthetic gum) having a high
degree of physical or chemical cross-linking.
-They are used for medication, lubrication and some miscellaneous
applications like carrier for spermicidal agents to be used intra vaginally .
4- Poultice:
It is soft, viscous, pasty preparation for external use. They are applied to skin
while they are hot. Poultice must retain heat for a considerable time because
they are intended to supply warmth to inflamed parts of body.
E.g. Kaolin poultice (B.P.C.)
22. TOPICAL DOSAGE FORMS (CONT.):
5- Pastes :
- Pastes are basically ointments into which a high percentage of insoluble solid
has been added
-The extraordinary amount of particulate matter stiffens the system.
-Pastes are less penetrating and less macerating and less heating than
ointment.
-Pastes make particularly good protective barrier when placed on the skin, the
solid they contain can absorb and thereby neutralize certain noxious
chemicals before they ever reach the skin.
- Like ointments, paste forms an unbroken relatively water – impermeable film
unlike ointments the film is opaque and therefore can be used as an effective
sun block accordingly.
23. TOPICAL DOSAGE FORMS (CONT.):
There are two types of paste:
a) Fatty pastes (e.g: leaser's paste) .
b) Non greasy pastes (e g: - bassorin paste).
6- Dusting powders:
- These are free flowing very fine powders for
external use.
- Notfor use on open wounds unless the powders
are sterilized.
24. TOPICAL DOSAGE FORMS (CONT.):
9- Liniments:
- Liniments are fluid, semi-fluid or, occasionally, semi-
solid preparations intended for application to the
skin.
- They may be alcoholic or oily solutions or emulsions.
- Most are massaged into the skin (e.g. counter-irritant).
- Liniments should not be applied to broken skin
10-Lotions:
- These are fluid preparations (aqueous) for external
application without friction--either dabbed on the skin or
applied on a suitable dressing and covered with a
waterproof dressing to reduce
25. TOPICAL DOSAGE FORMS (CONT.):
in ether or acetone,
11- Collodion:
Collodion is a solution of nitrocellulose
sometimes with the addition of alcohols.
-Its generic name is pyroxylin solution.
-It is highly flammable.
- As the solvent evaporates, it dries to a celluloid-like film.
- Compound Wart Remover consists of acetic acid and salicylic acid
in an acetone collodion base used in Treatment of warts by
keratolysis.
26. TOPICAL DOSAGE FORMS (CONT.):
12- Paints:
- Paints are liquids for application to the skin or
mucous membranes.
- Skin paints contain volatile solvent that evaporates
quickly to leave a dry resinous film of medicament.
- Throat paints are more viscous due to a high content
of glycerol, designed to prolong contact of the
medicament with the affected site.
27. TOPICAL DOSAGE FORMS (CONT.):
d in
13- Pressurized dispensers (aerosol sprays):
- Several different types of pharmaceutical product may be
package pressurized dispensers, known as aerosols.
- Surface sprays produce droplets of 100 um diameter or greater.
- May be used as surface disinfectants, wound or burn dressing,
relieve irritation of bites.
- Spray-on dusting powders are also available from pressurized
containers.
28. RECTAL DOSAGE FORMS:
1- Suppository:
It is a small solid medicated mass, usually
cone- shaped ,that is inserted either into the
rectum (rectal suppository), vagina (vaginal
suppository or pessaries) where it melts at
body temperature .
29. RECTAL DOSAGE FORMS (CONT.):
2- Enema:
An enema is the procedure of introducing liquids into the rectum and colon
via the anus.
Types of enema:
1- Evacuant enema: used as a bowel stimulant to treat constipation. E.g.
soft soap enema & Mgso4 enema
-The volume of evacuant enemas may reach up to 2 liters.
- They should be warmed to body temperature before administration.
30. RECTAL DOSAGE FORMS (CONT.):
2- Retention enema:
- Their volume does not exceed 100 ml.
- No warming needed.
- May exert:
A. Local effect: e.g. a barium enema is used as a
contrast substance in the radiological imaging of the bowel.
B. Systemic effect:
e.g. the administration of substances into the bloodstream. This
may be done in situations where it is impossible to deliver a
medication by mouth, such as antiemetics.
e.g. nutrient enema which contains carbohydrates, vitamins &
minerals.
31. VAGINAL DOSAGE FORMS:
1- Pessary:
- Pessaries are solid medicated preparations designed for insertion into
the vagina where they melt or dissolve.
- There are three types:
A. Moulded pessaries: they are cone shaped and prepared in a similar way
to moulded suppositories.
B. Compressed pessaries: made in a variety of shapes and are prepared by
compression in a similar manner to oral tablets.
C.Vaginal capsules: are similar to soft gelatin
oral Capsules differing only in size and shape.
32. PARENTERAL DOSAGE FORMS:
An injection is an infusion method of putting liquid into the
body, usually with a hollow needle and a syringe which is
pierced through the skin to a sufficient depth for the material
to be forced into the body.
There are several methods of injection,
including: 1-An intravenous injection:
It is a liquid administered directly into the bloodstream via a
vein.
It is advantageous when a rapid onset of action is needed.
33. PARENTERAL DOSAGE FORMS (CONT.):
2- Intramuscular
injection:
-It is the injection of a substance directly into a muscle.
-Many vaccines are administered intramuscularly.
-Depending on the chemical properties of the drug, the medication may
either be absorbed fairly quickly or more gradually.
-Intramuscular injections are often given in the deltoid, vastus lateralis,
ventrogluteal and dorsogluteal muscles.
- Injection fibrosis is a complication that may occur if the injections are
delivered with great frequency or with improper technique.
34. PARENTERAL DOSAGE FORMS (CONT.):
3- Subcutaneous
injection:
Subcutaneous injections are given by injecting a fluid into the subcutis,the
layer of skin directly below the dermis and epidermis.
Subcutaneous injections are highly effective in administering vaccines and
such medications as insulin.
35. INHALED DOSAGE FORMS:
1- Inhaler :
- Inhalers are solutions, suspensions or emulsion of drugs in a
mixture of inert propellants held under pressure in an aerosol
dispenser.
- Release of a dose of the medicament in the form of droplets of 50
um diameter or less from the container through a spring-loaded
valve incorporating a metering device. The patient then inhales
the released drug through a mouthpiece.
- In some types, the valve is actuated by finger pressure, in other
types the valve is actuated by the patient breathing in through the
mouthpiece.
- It is commonly used to treat asthma and other respiratory
problems.
36. INHALED DOSAGE FORMS (CONT.):
2- Nebulizer or
(atomizer):
A nebulizer is a device used to administer medication to people in forms of
a liquid mist to the airways.
-It is commonly used in treating asthma, and other respiratory diseases.
-It pumps air or oxygen through a liquid medicine to turn it into a vapor,
which is then inhaled by the patient.
-As a general rule, doctors generally prefer to prescribe inhalers for their
patients, because:
1-These are cheaper
2- more portable
3- carry less risk of side effects.
Nebulizers, for that reason, are usually reserved only for serious cases of
respiratory disease, or severe attacks.
37. OPHTHALMIC DOSAGE FORMS:
1- Eye
drops:
Eye drops are saline-containing drops used
medication in the eye.
Depending on the condition being treated,
as a vehicle to administer
they may contain steroids,
in them and are only
antihistamines or topical anesthetics.
Eye drops sometimes do not have medications
lubricating and tear-replacing solutions.
2- Ophthalmic ointment & gel:
These are sterile semi-solid
Preparations intended for application
To the conjunctiva or eyelid margin.
38. OTIC DOSAGE FORMS:
1- Ear drops:
- Ear drops are solutions, suspensions or emulsions of
drugs that are instilled into the ear with a dropper.
- It is used to treat or prevent ear infections, especially
infections of the outer ear and ear canal.
39. NASAL DOSAGE FORMS:
1- Nasal Drops and Sprays:
Drugs in solution may be instilled into the nose from a
dropper or from a plastic squeeze bottle.
The drug may have a local effect, e.g.
antihistamine, decongestant.
Alternatively the drug may be absorbed through the nasal
mucosa to exert a systemic effect.
The use of oily nasal drops should be avoided because of
possible damage to the cilia of the nasal mucosa.
40. INTERMEDIATE PRODUCTS USED IN
COMPOUNDING:
Extracts: These are concentrated preparations containing the active
principals of vegetable or animal drugs which have been extracted
with suitable solvents and concentrated to form liquid, soft or dry
extract.
Glycerins: These are solutions of medicaments in glycerol with or
without the addition of water.
Infusions: These are dilute solutions containing the readily soluble
constituents of crude drugs and prepared by diluting 1 part of
concentrated infusion with 10 parts of water. Concentrated
infusions are prepared by cold extraction of crude drugs with 25%
ethanol.
41. INTERMEDIATE PRODUCTS USED IN COMPOUNDING (CONT.):
Oxymels: These are preparations in which the vehicle is a mixture of
acetic acid and honey.
Spirits: They are alcoholic or aqueous alcoholic solutions of volatile
substances used as flavouring agents.
Tinctures: These are alcoholic preparations containing the active
principals of vegetable drugs. They are relatively weak compared
to extracts.
Aromatic waters: These are aqueous solutions, usually saturated of
volatile oils or other volatile substances. Used as flavoring agents.