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Class aves centrum
This document summarizes the external anatomy of chickens. It describes key features such as their eyes and eyelids, beaks, combs, wattles, forelimbs used for flight, hindlimbs used for walking, feet, feathers, and skin patterns where feathers do and do not grow. The chicken is classified as kingdom Animalia, phylum Chordata, class Aves, order Galliformes, family Phasianidae, subfamily Phasianinae, genus Gallus, and species Gallus gallus domesticus.
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Class aves centrum
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- 2. CLASSIFICATION Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Galliformes Family: Phasianidae Subfamily: Phasianinae Genus: Gallus Species: Gallus gallus Subspecies: G. g. domestica
- 3. G ALLUS GALLUSDOMESTICA
- 4. E XTERNAL PARTSOF THE CHICKEN
- 5. C HICKEN EYESAND NOSTRILS Eyes attached are also much bigger than in mammals such as humans. Nostrils Orbits are made of many small bones Located at the end of the that merged together. They made a beak thin plate.
- 6. EYELIDS Chickens have 3eyelids: upper eyelid Lower eyelid Nictitating membrane
- 7. N ICTITATING MEMBRANE transparent or translucent third eyelid can be drawn across the eye for protection and to moisten it while maintaining visibility to protect the parents' eyes from their chicks while they are feeding them
- 8. B EAKS AND EAR OPENINGS Have a pointy beak for picking up food Located at the sides of No teeth are present their head behind the eyes covered by feathers are more like ear holes No outer ear, or pinna They have visible ear lobes
- 9. It is believed that the same gene that determines the color of the ear lobe also determines egg color. Their ear lobes also can be colored from near white to near black. These birds will lay eggs that are nearly white to a deep, soft brown. The shade of brown of the egg will be indicated by the degree of color of the ear lobe. In other words, a chicken with blackish lobes will not lay a black egg, but it may be a deep brown.
- 10. WATTLE Wattles are located under the chin. They are meaty, red growths. Both male and female chicken have wattles. wattles cools down the chicken. This happens when the blood circulates from the comb to the wattles. The circulating blood lowers the temperature of the chicken during the hot weather.
- 12. COMB fleshy protuberance on top of the head of a chicken the cockerel have a larger comb than the hen chicken act as a cooling mechanism for the birds large combs on males attract females as chickens can detect colour and are very attracted to the colour red. serves as an indicator of the bird’s health.
- 13. T YPES OFCOMBS
- 15. T HE FORELIMB
- 16. T HE FORELIMB The bird’s wing and is responsible for powered flight. Primarily supported by an elongated radius, ulna, and modified wrist bones.
- 17. T HE FORELIMB
- 18. T HE FORELIMB Upper Arm Short and stout humerus Connects the scapula with the lower arm (or forearm) Provides the musculature necessary for flight
- 19. T HE FORELIMB
- 20. T HE FORELIMB Forearm Composed of an elongated radius and ulna Serves as attachment point for flight feathers Reduced wrist flexion
- 21. T HE FORELIMB
- 22. T HE FORELIMB Manus The phalanges of the bird wing follow a trend of reduction and fusion to form the distal part of the wing Modern birds have mostly only the second digit of the hand present
- 23. T HE FORELIMB
- 24. T HE HINDLIMB
- 25. T HE HINDLIMB Composed of the thingh, shank and foot. Enables bipedal locomotion for birds.
- 26. T HE HINDLIMB Thigh Upper portion of a bird’s hindlimb Composed of a short femur.
- 27. T HE HINDLIMB
- 28. T HE HINDLIMB Shank Lower portion of a bird’s hindlimb Composed of the tibiotarsus (fused tarsus and proximal part of the tibia).
- 29. T HE HINDLIMB
- 30. F OOT ANDREMIGES
- 31. FOOT 1. Hallux orhind toes 2. Inner toe 3. Middle toe 4. Outer toe 5. Scales 6. Reticulate scales
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- 37. Region on the chicken skin where feathers grow Symmetrical tracts Separated from each other by semi-apteria Feather macropattern
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- 39. Bare area(feathers don’t grow) on the chicken skin Spaces between the feather tracts of birds Covered by down or semi-plume feathers