The document provides an overview of evolution and evidence that supports the theory of evolution through natural selection. It summarizes key periods in Earth's history from the Precambrian to present day, highlighting important transitional fossils and extinctions. It also describes several lines of evidence that provide support for evolution, including homologous and vestigial structures, embryology, molecular biology, biogeography, and examples of evolution occurring in present-day populations.

1. Chapter 15-16 Evolution: Evidence and Theory Speciation

2. Let’s Go Back in Time!!

3. Stromatolites

4. Precambrian

5. Precambrian

6. Cambrian

7. Trilobites

8. Cambrian Crazys!

9. Ordovician

10. Eurypterids or sea scorpians

11. Graptolites

12. Nautilius

13. First plants

14. Silurian

15. Silurian

16. Brachiopods

17. Early Amphibians

18. Amphibians

19. Amphibian Evolution (Change)

20. Devonian Fish

21. Devonian Tetrapods

22. Devonian Killer

23. Jawless Fish

24. Jawless Fish

25. Devonian Survivors

26. Devonian Survivors

27. Carboniferous

28. Ancestors Leave the Water!

29. Permian

30. Therapsids

31. Cycads

32. Triassic

33. Triassic

34. First Birds

35. The Most famous fossil

36. Transition between lizard to snake

37. Plants

38. Jurassic

39. Early mammals

40. Jurassic

41. Jurassic

42. Cretaceous

43. Cretacous

44. Cretaceous

45. Tertiary

46. Quaternary

47. Early Human Ancestors

48. Comparison of Early Humans

49. How have extinctions shaped our lives?

50. Extinctions Make Way for New Creatures! Precambrian Extinction Cambrian Explosion Huge diversity of shelled creatures Cambrian extinction New forms of hard-shelled creatures Ordovician extinction New creatures with bones and fish Land plants and forests Devonian extinction Amphibians and advanced fish Permian extinction (biggest) Cretaceous extinction Holocene extinction Dinosaurs! Mammals! What next?

51. stop

57. Tooth marks on a fossil

73. Modern coyote Extinct whales

75. Whale ear bones-found in no other living animals

79. Remember, Lamarck had the right idea but the wrong way about it! You can’t pass on a trait that you have acquired through life!

88. Each island has a different variation that is adapted to that island only and found no where else. Each tortoise is genetically related to each other.

89. Darwin’s Observations More on Darwin. Movie clip chapter 2

92. stop Wait a minute….Isn’t Darwin’s Theory …just a theory? What is a theory anyway?

102. Wings in flightless and non aquatic birds

103. The human tailbone Blind fish with remnants of eyes that are not used

104. Human wisdom teeth Sexual parts in dandelions They do not use them; they clone themselves.

105. Virgin whiptail lizards clone themselves and no males are present in the species. The lizards still have sex even though it serves no purpose. Males have nipples and breast tissue although they serve no purpose. The human appendix is used in herbivores to digest plant matter but since humans are not herbivores, the appendix is not used.

111. If you take the gene for making an eye in a fruit fly and put that gene into a developing embryo for a mouse eye, it still produces a regular mouse eye. These are called homeobox genes and they control placement of appendages in all bodies of animals.

113. stop

116. Guppies in high predator environments lessen their bright colors for defense. Over time the population becomes lighter and more drab in color. Why does this occur? Brighter colored fish are eaten more often and do not pass their genes to the next generation leaving only the drab colored fish to reproduce. Over time the population changes or evolves.

118. Coevolution The Yucca plant and Yucca moth, the plant is only pollinated by that moth. Lichens are a mixture of a fungus and an algae working together. They cannot live without each other.

119. Coevolution Many flowers like this snapdragon are designed specifically for a certain insect. Darwin actually predicted the existence of a certain moth by measuring the size of a flower opening. 40 years later, the moth was discovered!

120. Bees see in UV light and flowers evolved to maximize the bees visits by showing where the nectar is located. The flower’s colors glow and the landing strips show the bee where to go. Butterflies have a weak sense of smell. Flowers pollinated by butterflies are usually very fragrant and have bright colors like red or orange. Moths are nocturnal and do not need bright colors to feed. They need a long tube like flower.

121. This flower, the Rafflesia smells like rotten meat and poo. Who would pollinate this plant?

123. Flowers pollinated by bats.

138. Many animals have variable genitalia so proper fit it necessary. This keeps species separated.